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International Journal of Sports Science

p-ISSN: 2169-8759    e-ISSN: 2169-8791

2016;  6(1): 1-5

doi:10.5923/j.sports.20160601.01

 




DOES MINI-TRAMPOLINE TRAINING MORE EFFECTIVE THAN RUNNING ON BODY WEIGHT, BODY
FAT, VO2 MAX AND VERTICAL JUMP IN YOUNG MEN?

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Gülşah Şahin1, Erdal Demir1, Halide Aydın2



1Coaching Education Department, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale,
Turkey

2Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey





Correspondence to: Gülşah Şahin, Coaching Education Department, Canakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.

Email:






Copyright © 2016 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/




Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mini-trampoline training on
VO2max, body weight, fat % and vertical jumping height. The participants were
randomly separated into 2 groups as the trampoline group (n:6, age 21.8±2.04
years, height 174±5.78 cm, weight 71.73±4.58 kg) and the running group (n:6, age
20.7±1.51 years, height 179±7.18 cm, weight 72.68±9.5 kg). All the participants
completed 8 weeks of trampoline and running training. The trampoline training
was prepared with standard choreography comprised of high skipping, landing jump
on each legs. The trampoline and running training were started as 30-minute
sessions and in the last two weeks were extended to 35 minutes. The yo-yo
intermittent recovery test level 1, vertical jumping test and body composition
analysis were applied to participants. All the tests were applied at pre and
post-training periods. After the eight week training intervention, there was a
significant (p<0.05) difference in VO2 max and vertical jump height between
running and trampoline groups. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in
fat % and body weight between trampoline and running groups. These results
support the hypothesis that the use mini-trampoline may improve VO2 max,
vertical jumping distance and reduce body fat %.



Keywords: VO2 max, Body weight, Running, Healthy, Men



Cite this paper: Gülşah Şahin, Erdal Demir, Halide Aydın, Does Mini-Trampoline
Training More Effective than Running on Body Weight, Body Fat, VO2 max and
Vertical Jump in Young Men?, International Journal of Sports Science, Vol. 6 No.
1, 2016, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.5923/j.sports.20160601.01.


ARTICLE OUTLINE

1. Introduction2. Matherial & Methods    2.1. Participants    2.2. Study Design
and Tests    2.3. Training Procedure     2.4. Data Analysis3. Results 4.
Discussion 5. ConclusionsACKNOWLEDGMENTS



1. INTRODUCTION

Currently the most popular method of involves activities jumping on a flexible
surface such as mini-trampoline [1, 2, 3]. Although trampoline training is not a
new method, recently the use of equipment has increased. The flexible surface of
the equipment is highly integrative and demanding on the neuromuscular system.
The increase in oxygen capacity and jumping distance and the reduction in body
weight and body fat percentage are important in both general fitness and
athletic performance. Aerobic activities such as jogging, long-distance running,
walking and dancing are known to be effective for increasing oxygen capacity and
reducing in body weight [4, 5, 6]. In addition, there are many studies which
have examined the effect of trampoline training on body weight and oxygen
capacity [7, 8]. The research has reported that mini-trampoline training has
positive effect on body weight and oxygen capacity. The other one study has
stated that the trampoline training improved oxygen capacity, but no change in
body weight [9].Trampoline training is used as an alternative to running and
aerobic training to reduce body weight and to increase cardio-respiratory
resistance in fitness. However, no such studies have ever been performed to
examine the effects of undertaking trampoline training. It is not clear that
trampoline training is more effective than running training on maximal oxygen
consumption capacity (VO2 max), vertical jumping distance, body weight and fat
%.The aim of this study is to examine the effects of mini-trampoline training on
VO2 max, body weight, fat % and vertical jumping distance.


2. MATHERIAL & METHODS

2.1. PARTICIPANTS

The study comprised 12 young healthy men who had been involved in training
recreationally for at least 2 years. Inclusion criteria were to be participated
in a regular training program recreationally and no injuries or health problems.
Exclusion criteria were any injuries or health problems, or the following of
another fitness program of sports training.

2.2. STUDY DESIGN AND TESTS

The study was conducted between January 2015 and March 2015. All methods and
tests were approved by the Ethics Committee of University. Informed consent was
obtained from all participants. Each stage of the research was carried out in
accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
Level 1: The distance achieved was recorded for those who finished the test and
the maximal oxygen consumption capacity was calculated [10]. Exercise heart rate
measurement: A Polar R800CX heart rate device was used to measure the heart
rate. Body weight and fat % were measured with a TANITA-TBF-300 Body Composition
Analyser. Vertical Jump: The Newtest Powertimer 300-Series testing system was
used. All repetitions were performed on a mat, with hands placed on hips. The
participants performed squat jumps. At the start, the knee angle was
approximately 90° and after the jump, the knee angle was kept extended at 180°
[11].

2.3. TRAINING PROCEDURE

Participants trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks. They performed on different
equipment and intensity. Each training session started with standardized warm-up
exercises at the lower muscles (gluteal, quadriceps, hamstring). It finished
with five-minute cool-down. The trampoline training was prepared with standard
choreography comprised of high skipping, landing each jump on alternating legs.
The trampoline and running training were started as 30-minute sessions and in
the last two weeks were extended to 35 minutes. The mini-trampolines used in the
study (127cm in diameter and 27.5cm in height). The running training was
performed in the sports hall. A maximum heart rate of 60% was taken into
consideration for running intensity. The trampoline group’ target heart rate was
75%. Karvonen method was used for the calculation of the target heart rate
(target heart rate range = ([HRmax – Hrrest] * percentage intensity) + Hrrest)”
[12]. The heart rate was monitored by polar heart rate device. Groups did not
see each other during the training, tests or measurements. All subjects were
asked to maintain their usual diet and lifestyle habits during the study period.

2.4. DATA ANALYSIS

Mean and SDs were calculated for the all parameters. Data were tested for
normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test. Levene test was used to
homogeneity. The Wilcoxon test and the independent t-test were used to compare
between groups. Paired t-test and the Mann Whitney U-test were used to evaluate
for differences between before and post-training data. For all comparisons, a
significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was used.


3. RESULTS

There was no significant difference between trampoline group and running group
in yo-yo test distance (t=.71; p=.49), VO2 max (t=.78; p=.44); fat % (t=.22;
p=.82), BMI (t=.57; p=.58), vertical jump distance (t=-1.13; p=.28), height
(t=-.65; p=.53), body weight (t=-.11; p=.91) and age (t=1.12; p =.28) at the
baseline (p>.05) (Table 1).

Table 1. Two groups data after and before training
     



In the trampoline group, significant difference was determined between pre and
post-training periods in VO2 max (z=-2.20; p=.02), fat % (z=-2.20; p=.02),
vertical jump distance (t=8.62; p=.00) (p<.05). No significant difference in
body weight (z=.94; p=.34) and BMI (z=-.36; p=.71) (p>.05) (Table 1).In the
running group, there was significant difference between the pre- and
post-training periods in VO2 max (z=-2.20; p=.02) and fat % (z=-2.20; p=.02)
(p<.05). There was no significant difference in vertical jump distance (t=.00;
p=1.00), body weight (z=-.31; p=.75) and BMI (z=-.95; p=.33) (p>.05) (Table 1).
There were significant difference between trampoline and running group in VO2max
(z=-2.89; p=.00) and vertical jump distance (t=2.04; p=.06) in post-training
period (Table 1). There were no significant difference in fat % (z=-.24; p=.81),
body weight (z=-.08; p=.93) and BMI (z=-.72; p=.47).Fat % decreased by 31.61% in
the trampoline group and by 20.3% in the running group. VO2 max increased by
7.82% (4 ml/kg/min) in the trampoline group and by 3.05% in the running group
(2.16 ml/kg/min) (Table 1). Vertical jump distance increased by 13.55% (6.5cm)
in the trampoline group and by 0.35% (0.16cm) in the running group. BMI
decreased by 0.39% (0.09 kg/m2) in the trampoline group and by 0.09% (0.02
kg/m2) in the running group. Body weight decreased by 0.56% (0.40kg) in the
trampoline group and by 0.18% (0.13 kg) in the running group (Figure 1).

Figure 1. The percentage values of two groups in after training


4. DISCUSSION

In this study, the effects of two different training methods on VO2max, fat %,
vertical jump distance and body weight were investigated. At the end of the
study, according to yo-yo intermittent recovery test results, a significant
increase was determined in VO2 max in the running group and the trampoline
group. When the two groups were compared, a more significant improvement was
observed in the trampoline group. The knee bending, running and jumping, in
contrast to running alone, are performed on an elastic base with exposure to
reactive ground force in mini-trampoline training. It is thought that in
contrast to the cyclical movements of running, there is increased energy
expenditure with the use of these varied movements in trampoline and thereby an
increase in oxygen consumption.Research has demonstrated that there is no
difference between high-intensity training and low-intensity traditional
training [13]. Nevertheless, Talanian et al. (2007) determined a 7–12% increase
in VO2max after 2 weeks of high-intensity training [5]. Reeves and Darby (1991)
compared the VO2max values of 10 fit females following aerobic dance with long
periods of traditional running and no difference was found between the two forms
of exercise [4]. Tabata et al. (1996) recommended high intensity training to
achieve a significant increase in VO2 max [14]. Roxburgh et al. (2014) found
that the high and moderate intensity exercises improved VO2max. [15]. Lee et al.
(2012) stated that high-intensity exercise (70% of VO2max) was more beneficial
on cardiorespiratory resistance than low-intensity exercise (50 % of VO2max)
[16]. When previous studies are examined, it can be seen that although long
periods of aerobic exercise used to increase in VO2max more, high-intensity or
jumping exercises make a significant contribution to oxygen consumption. In a
study of children with cystic fibrosis by Stanghelle et al. (1988) the
mini-trampoline were used, an improvement in VO2max from 45 to 49 ml/kg/min was
determined and these programs were recommended for these children [17].
Tomassoni et al. (1995) determined a significant increase in VO2max after eight
weeks of mini-trampoline training in females [18]. Similar to the findings of
the current study, the increase in VO2max was found to be more significant in
the trampoline group than the running group. In both groups there was an
improvement compared to pre-training values, but the increase in the trampoline
group compared to the baseline was 7.82% (4 ml/kg/min) and in the running group,
3.05% (1.16 ml/kg/min)(Figure 1). Owing to the increase in energy expenditure
and oxygen consumption, VO2max increased and fat % decreased; these results
confirmed hypothesis of this study. In a study by Edin et al. (1990) a 4.4%
improvement was determined in VO2max with 11 weeks of trampoline training, but
no significant difference was found in body composition [9]. Katch et al. (1981)
investigated energy expenditure on a mini-trampoline and, compared to the
pre-training values, VO2max was improved when additional weights were used at
different intensities [7]. Stanghelle et al. (1988) in a study among children
with cystic fibrosis, found a 9.2% improvement in VO2max and in respiratory
parameters after eight weeks of mini-trampoline exercises [17]. Plyometric
training is often used to improve vertical jumping in various sports [19, 20].
The another aim of the current study was to examine the effect of trampoline
training on vertical jumping height. It is known that jumping on a trampoline
differs from plyometric training as it is not just a cycle of extension and
contraction movements, but is performed on an elastic base. In this study, there
was a 13.55% improvement in vertical jump distance, and this improvement was
statistically significant. The baseline mean vertical jump distance increased by
6.84cm after the mini-trampoline training. This result shows that
mini-trampoline training is effective on vertical jump distance. There was no
similar improvement in the running group. Running training can not be used for
the development of vertical jumping ability. However, in this study, to confirm
the hypothesis that trampoline training could achieve an improvement in
cardiorespiratory, body composition and vertical jumping, a comparison was made
with running training. Nevertheless, despite significant improvement in the
trampoline group after the training program, there was no significant difference
between in two groups. This could be considered to be due to a higher mean
vertical jump distance in the running group at the start of the study. The
hypothesis of the study was confirmed. With a program of trampoline training, it
is possible to achieve improvements in oxygen consumption, body composition and
also vertical jumping ability. Aragão et al. (2011) implemented a 14-week
period of mini-trampoline training with elderly individuals and concluded that
it made a contribution to dynamic balance [21]. Miklitsch et al. (2013) used a
mini-trampoline with a rehabilitation program for stroke patients and determined
an improvement in postural control [22]. Karakollukçu et al. (2015) also
implemented 12 weeks of trampoline training and a significant improvement was
found in acceleration, vertical jump and anaerobic performance [23]. Several
researchers have examined the relationship between trampoline training and body
composition. Edin et al. (1990) determined a change in body composition and
blood lipids after 11 weeks of trampoline training [9]. Lee et al. (2012)
reported that high-intensity exercise (70 % of VO2max) was more beneficial than
low-intensity exercise for the reduction of overall body fat and abdominal area
fat (50 % of VO2max) [16]. Other studies have also shown that high-intensity
exercise is proportionally more effective than low-intensity exercise for the
reduction of body fat perception [13, 24, 24]. In the trampoline group, fat %
decreased and mean total body weight reduced, but this difference was not
statistically significant. In the running training group, there was a reduction
in fat % and total body weight but, the change was not significant. Thus,
trampoline group did not make any difference in total body weight and BMI, the
reduction in fat% was statistically significant. Previous studies have
determined that, generally speaking, high-intensity training creates significant
difference in regional and total fat loss [25, 26].


5. CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study have shown that trampoline training is a more
effective training method than traditional running training to increase maximal
oxygen consumption and reducing fat %. In addition, trampoline training had a
significant effect on vertical jumping distance in young healthy men.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Authors thank Canakkale Mart University and the Head of Coaching Education
Department for their support on this research, and the voluntary university
students for their participation on this study.


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