europa.eu Open in urlscan Pro
2a01:7080:24:100::666:45  Public Scan

Form analysis
0 forms found in the DOM

Text Content

This site uses cookies to offer you a better browsing experience. Find out more
on how we use cookies.

Accept all cookies Accept only essential cookies
Skip to main content
An official website of the European UnionAn official EU websiteHow do you know?

All official European Union website addresses are in the europa.eu domain.

See all EU institutions and bodies

 1. Home
 2. Common European Framework of Reference for Language skills

enEnglish
Close
Select your language
 * български
 * français
 * Gaeilge
 * hrvatski
 * italiano
 * latviešu
 * lietuvių
 * magyar
 * Malti
 * español
 * Nederlands
 * polski
 * čeština
 * dansk
 * português
 * Deutsch

 * română
 * eesti
 * slovenčina
 * slovenščina
 * ελληνικά
 * English
 * suomi
 * svenska
 * српски језик
 * íslenska
 * македонски јазик
 * norsk
 * türkçe
 * український
 * црногорски

Big thanks to our 5 million registered Europass users marking the European Year
of Skills and the third anniversary of this platform!



 * europass
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Europass tools
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Learn in Europe
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Work in Europe
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * About Europass
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Stakeholders
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Create a CV
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Create a Cover Letter
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

 * Test your digital skill
      
    * Europass tools
      Europass profile
       * Create your Europass CV
       * Create Cover Letter
      
      Test your digital skills Job & Skill Trends European Digital Credentials
      European Qualifications Framework
       * Compare qualifications
       * National Qualifications Frameworks
      
      Europass mobility Certificate supplement Diploma Supplement
    * Learn in Europe
      Find courses Information and support Plan your Learning Study abroad
      Document Library FAQ
    * Work in Europe
      Find jobs Information and support Plan your career Work abroad EURES FAQ
    * About Europass
      Contact Us
       * National Europass Centres
       * Europass helpdesk
       * FAQ
      
      Statistics Data protection
       * Personal information
      
      Document Library News Events Terms of use
    * Stakeholders
      Education and Training
       * Issuing Diploma Supplements
       * Issuing Certificate supplements
       * Mobility document
      
      Employment and recruitment European Digital Credentials
    * Create a CV
    * Create a Cover Letter
    * Test your digital skill

Login to Europass Login
Me
 * My Europass
 * My profile
 * Settings
 * Activity feed
 * Notifications
 * Help
 * Log out
 * Login/Register

europass
     
Login to Europass Login
Me
 * My Europass
 * My profile
 * Settings
 * Activity feed
 * Notifications
 * Help
 * Log out
 * Login/Register

Menu
Close
Menu
Back
 * europass
 * Europass tools
 * Learn in Europe
 * Work in Europe
 * About Europass
 * Stakeholders
 * Create a CV
 * Create a Cover Letter
 * Test your digital skill

Find a job

Find courses

Create a CV

Create a Cover Letter


HAVE TIME FOR A QUICK SURVEY?

We want to provide you with the best experience, so your feedback is very
valuable to us. All you need to do is answer 5 simple questions

Start the survey

Takes 3 minutes

or

No, thank you


COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE FOR LANGUAGE SKILLS

Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) self-assessment grids




UNDERSTANDING


LISTENING A1

I can recognise familiar words and very basic phrases concerning myself, my
family and immediate concrete surroundings when people speak slowly and clearly.


LISTENING A2

I can understand phrases and the highest frequency vocabulary related to areas
of most immediate personal relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family
information, shopping, local area, employment). I can catch the main point in
short, clear, simple messages and announcements.


LISTENING B1

I can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters
regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. I can understand the main
point of many radio or TV programmes on current affairs or topics of personal or
professional interest when the delivery is relatively slow and clear.


LISTENING B2

I can understand extended speech and lectures and follow even complex lines of
argument provided the topic is reasonably familiar. I can understand most TV
news and current affairs programmes. I can understand the majority of films in
standard dialect.


LISTENING C1

I can understand extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when
relationships are only implied and not signalled explicitly. I can understand
television programmes and films without too much effort.


LISTENING C2

I have no difficulty in understanding any kind of spoken language, whether live
or broadcast, even when delivered at fast native speed, provided I have some
time to get familiar with the accent. 


READING A1

I can understand familiar names, words and very simple sentences, for example on
notices and posters or in catalogues.


READING A2

I can read very short, simple texts. I can find specific, predictable
information in simple everyday material such as advertisements, prospectuses,
menus and timetables and I can understand short simple personal letters.


READING B1

I can understand texts that consist mainly of high frequency everyday or
job-related language. I can understand the description of events, feelings and
wishes in personal letters.


READING B2

I can read articles and reports concerned with contemporary problems in which
the writers adopt particular attitudes or viewpoints. I can understand
contemporary literary prose.


READING C1

I can understand long and complex factual and literary texts, appreciating
distinctions of style. I can understand specialised articles and longer
technical instructions, even when they do not relate to my field.


READING C2

I can read with ease virtually all forms of the written language, including
abstract, structurally or linguistically complex texts such as manuals,
specialised articles and literary works.


SPEAKING


SPOKEN INTERACTION A1

I can interact in a simple way provided the other person is prepared to repeat
or rephrase things at a slower rate of speech and help me formulate what I'm
trying to say. I can ask and answer simple questions in areas of immediate need
or on very familiar topics.


SPOKEN INTERACTION A2

I can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct
exchange of information on familiar topics and activities. I can handle very
short social exchanges, even though I can't usually understand enough to keep
the conversation going myself.


SPOKEN INTERACTION B1

I can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area
where the language is spoken. I can enter unprepared into conversation on topics
that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life (e.g.
family, hobbies, work, travel and current events).


SPOKEN INTERACTION B2

I can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular
interaction with native speakers quite possible. I can take an active part in
discussion in familiar contexts, accounting for and sustaining my views.


SPOKEN INTERACTION C1

I can express myself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching
for expressions. I can use language flexibly and effectively for social and
professional purposes. I can formulate ideas and opinions with precision and
relate my contribution skilfully to those of other speakers.


SPOKEN INTERACTION C2

I can take part effortlessly in any conversation or discussion and have a good
familiarity with idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. I can express myself
fluently and convey finer shades of meaning precisely. If I do have a problem I
can backtrack and restructure around the difficulty so smoothly that other
people are hardly aware of it.


SPOKEN PRODUCTION A1

I can use simple phrases and sentences to describe where I live and people I
know.


SPOKEN PRODUCTION A2

I can use a series of phrases and sentences to describe in simple terms my
family and other people, living conditions, my educational background and my
present or most recent job.


SPOKEN PRODUCTION B1

I can connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and
events, my dreams, hopes and ambitions. I can briefly give reasons and
explanations for opinions and plans. I can narrate a story or relate the plot of
a book or film and describe my reactions.


SPOKEN PRODUCTION B2

I can present clear, detailed descriptions on a wide range of subjects related
to my field of interest. I can explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the
advantages and disadvantages of various options.


SPOKEN PRODUCTION C1

I can present clear, detailed descriptions of complex subjects integrating
sub-themes, developing particular points and rounding off with an appropriate
conclusion.


SPOKEN PRODUCTION C2

I can present a clear, smoothly-flowing description or argument in a style
appropriate to the context and with an effective logical structure which helps
the recipient to notice and remember significant points.


WRITING


WRITING A1

I can write a short, simple postcard, for example sending holiday greetings. I
can fill in forms with personal details, for example entering my name,
nationality and address on a hotel registration form.


WRITING A2

I can write short, simple notes and messages relating to matters in areas of
immediate needs. I can write a very simple personal letter, for example thanking
someone for something.


WRITING B1

I can write simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal
interest. I can write personal letters describing experiences and impressions.


WRITING B2

I can write clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects related to my
interests. I can write an essay or report, passing on information or giving
reasons in support of or against a particular point of view. I can write letters
highlighting the personal significance of events and experiences.


WRITING C1

I can express myself in clear, wellstructured text, expressing points of view at
some length. I can write about complex subjects in a letter, an essay or a
report, underlining what I consider to be the salient issues. I can select style
appropriate to the reader in mind.


WRITING C2

I can write clear, smoothly-flowing text in an appropriate style. I can write
complex letters, reports or articles which present a case with an effective
logical structure which helps the recipient to notice and remember significant
points. I can write summaries and reviews of professional or literary works.




SHARE THIS PAGE

 * Facebook
 * Twitter
 * Linkedin
 * Email

Go to previous page



CONTACT THE EU

 * Call us 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
 * Use other telephone options
 * Write to us via our contact form
 * Meet us at one of the EU centres


SOCIAL MEDIA

 * Search for EU social media channels


LEGAL

 * Languages on our websites
 * Privacy policy
 * Legal notice
 * Cookies
 * Accessibility


EU INSTITUTIONS

 * European Parliament
 * European Council
 * Council of the European Union
 * European Commission
 * Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
 * European Central Bank (ECB)
 * European Court of Auditors (ECA)
 * European External Action Service (EEAS)
 * European Economic and Social Committee (EESC)
 * European Committee of the Regions (CoR)
 * European Investment Bank (EIB)
 * European Ombudsman
 * European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS)
 * European Data Protection Board
 * European Personnel Selection Office
 * Publications Office of the European Union
 * Agencies