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Submission: On January 31 via manual from CZ — Scanned from DE
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<option value="1">EU Countries</option>
<option value="8618" data-code="AL" data-score="32" data-color="FAEF6A" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>LGBTI activists in Albania were certainly kept busy in 2017. Parliamentary elections were scheduled for June, meaning that NGOs had to mobilise quickly at the start of the year. Several LGBTI NGOs compiled manifestos and information for LGBTI voters and their allies on the equality record of the various candidates, gaining media attention and visibility for LGBTI issues.</p>
<p>In the wake of the election (won by the Socialist Party of Albania), the work of activists was not over. The Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth was disbanded and its mandate divided between the remaining ministries. This is a point of great concern for LGBTI activists as one of the former Ministry’s tasks was to implement the 2016-2020 National Action Plan for LGBTI People. The existence of action plans and laws is not enough; to effect real change for LGBTI people, they must be put into practice. At the end of the year, activists were still trying to get clarity on the ultimate fate of the Action Plan.</p>
<p>The movement also had to deal with the temporary closure of the LGBTI community centre following fire damage and a long-time human rights defender and LGBTI activist left the country. The organisers of Tirana’s annual (P)Ride community event held another successful edition in spite of an opposition protest which prevented embassy staff and international representatives taking part. In relation to legal developments in 2017, there was no movement on legal gender recognition, an area in which people living in Albania have zero legal protection.</p>
<p>However, there were hints that the Family section of Rainbow Europe’s Map may be changing in the coming years. Activists planned to file a case before the European Court of Human Rights, arguing that same-sex couples should be recognised and protected – a call echoed by last year’s Annual Review recommendations for national policymakers in Albania.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="28">Albania</option>
<option value="8619" data-code="AD" data-score="32" data-color="FAEF6A" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8684-3.00-f,8685-2.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8694-2.43-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Andorra’s law and policies relating to LGBTI equality were not substantially improved in 2017, however there were several encouraging signs that this framework will be updated in the not too distant future.</p>
<p>Established in 2016, the White Paper on Equality Working Group presented their overall conclusions to government during the year. LGBTI activists were part of the working group, ensuing that the needs of the LGBTI communities are reflected in the discussions. </p>
<p>This engagement with civil society is particularly important, as the paper will form the foundations of a new anti-discrimination and equality law. This was one of the key recommendations for Andorran policymakers put forward in last year’s Annual Review and the White Paper process was one of the items discussed by national authorities during a visit from the Council of Europe’s SOGI Unit officials.</p>
<p>The Ministry of Health committed to making hormone treatment for trans people more accessible and reimbursable through the social security system.</p>
<p>There were no other developments reported in relation to the recommendations included in last year’s Annual Review, and ECRI’s monitoring reports instructed the Andorran authorities to collect information on the LGBTI communities in the country to ensure that their interventions are as effective as possible.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="27">Andorra</option>
<option value="8620" data-code="AM" data-score="8" data-color="DF4F4E" data-eu="0" data-categories="8691-2.00-f,8703-1.00-f,8713-1.50-f,9980-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>Armenia’s legal and policy situation remained relatively unchanged at the end of 2017. Legislation continues to overlook the day-to-day experience of LGBTI people living in Armenia.</p>
<p>Operating in a relative legal vacuum, LGBTI NGOs continually worked to provide support to the community. From training courses on fundraising and activism for LGBTI organisers, to developing guidelines on LGBTI mental health for medical professionals, to running the first community camp for trans people, NGOs provided a wide range of vital services. A prominent LGBTI activist was also recognised for their equality work with the 2017 Hepple Equality Award.</p>
<p>This support was often provided in a hostile environment that was not particularly encouraging for civil society. Right Side NGO was the target of attacks and had to relocate their office, but continued to work with the LGBTI community and advocate for greater legal protection for trans people throughout.</p>
<p>NGOs also reported that hate speech, attacks and intolerance towards LGBTI people remains commonplace. In the absence of any progress on the recommendations to policymakers made in last year’s Annual Review, a significant number of LGBTI people surveyed by NGOs admitted they had made plans to leave Armenia entirely.</p>
<p>Several attempts to increase public awareness of LGBTI issues were thwarted during the year. The removal of NGO Pink Armenia’s campaign posters from Yerevan city centre drew complaints from LGBTI activists, while two films featuring LGBTI themes were removed from the Golden Apricot International Film Festival programme without a satisfactory explanation.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="47">Armenia</option>
<option value="8621" data-code="AT" data-score="48" data-color="FFD800" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8674-0.16-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8768-1.00-f,9796-0.15-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f,8670-0.977779-p,8761-0.977779-p,8763-0.977779-p"
data-popup="<p>Marriage equality was certainly the topic that attracted media attention both in Austria and around the world in 2017.</p>
<p>In a somewhat unexpected move in December, the Federal Constitutional Court opened up the possibility of marriage to same-sex couples and civil partnerships to different-sex couples. It ruled that having two different and separate legal institutions violated the principle of equality. Opening up marriage and partnerships to all couples had been an explicit recommendation to policymakers included in the last Annual Review, but the change came instead from the judicial benches.</p>
<p>Some politicians had made promises to discuss marriage equality after the next general election, however the Constitutional Court’s decision accelerated the conversation significantly. Its judgment means that equal marriage will be a reality by 1 January 2019 (unless the government acts earlier than that).</p>
<p>The Constitutional Court could also play an active role in providing great legal protection for the LGBTI community in the coming months; a judgment in the case of Alex Jurgens, who has questioned the current gender marker system, is due in early 2018.</p>
<p>Activist members of the intersex movement from 16 CoE member states came together for the first OII-Europe intersex community event in Vienna. The European Lesbian* Conference also took place in Vienna and culminated in a march through the city’s streets by the 500 participants. Local intersex NGOs were also involved in a working group that met during the year to develop guidelines around the treatment of intersex people; these guidelines are due to be published in 2018 and would be a welcome step forward in a jurisdiction that does not yet outlaw unnecessary surgeries on intersex bodies. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="18">Austria</option>
<option value="8622" data-code="AZ" data-score="2" data-color="94171D" data-eu="0" data-categories="8713-1.50-f,9977-0.91-f" data-popup="<p>Being a human rights activist or a member of the LGBTI community in the country that lies at the bottom of Rainbow Europe’s country ranking is undoubtedly challenging. In 2017, life for the community became even more precarious, with police raids against LGBTI people hitting global headlines.</p>
<p>NGOs and activists in Azerbaijan had received reports of raids in previous years (for example, last year’s Annual Review noted incidents in the capital). But while being targeted by the police was not a new experience for LGBTI people, the scale of the arrests in September was unprecedented. News of assaults, forced medical exams and blackmail by police emerged, while the authorities attempted to justify the detentions for public health reasons.</p>
<p>In addition to the Baku raids, there were other examples of how space for activists and dissenting voices is being consistently reduced. Journalists were placed in detention, news websites were blocked and politicians continued to make anti-LGBTI public statements.</p>
<p>On the legal and policy front, there were no positive developments to report under any of the Rainbow Europe criteria, in a year that proved to be increasingly difficult for LGBTI people and their allies.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="49">Azerbaijan</option>
<option value="8623" data-code="BY" data-score="12" data-color="E66470" data-eu="0" data-categories="8691-2.00-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8713-1.50-f,9977-0.91-f" data-popup="<p>LGBTI people in Belarus continued to be omitted from laws and policy in the country. There is a lack of legal protection against discrimination, bias-motivated incidents and there is no recognition of rainbow families.</p>
<p>This absence of legal backing became even more apparent when several people were detained following raids on two LGBT clubs in Minsk. This also coincided with the shutdown of a gay dating site and raised questions among the LGBTI community about the motives behind these actions.</p>
<p>Another area of law that overlooks LGBTI people is hate crime and hate speech. Widespread hate speech was one of the issues raised as an ongoing concern by Belarusian LGBTI activists during a meeting with their counterparts from Lithuania and Norway in 2017. One notable example was an MP’s assertion that anything other than a married man and woman with children was an attempt to destroy the notion of family.</p>
<p>There was no progress to report on the recommendations for policymakers contained in last year’s Annual Review – laws on hate crime, anti-LGBTI speech or greater protection for the trans community were not forthcoming. </p>
<p>This lack of leadership from policymakers – either in terms of law or visible public support of LGBTI equality – means that changing entrenched social attitudes is more challenging for activists. Despite the fact that many respondents to an opinion poll felt that tolerance was an essentially Belarusian characteristic, 70% of those surveyed said they would not like to live next to an LGBT person.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="45">Belarus</option>
<option value="8624" data-code="BE" data-score="72" data-color="388C47" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8685-2.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8692-2.50-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8770-1.50-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>After discussions on the topics that spanned several years, Belgium’s new legal gender recognition legislation reached its final vote in 2017.</p>
<p>The new law was the result of intensive consultations between trans activists, LGBTI NGOs and Belgian policymakers, and it removed the previous requirements of sterilisation and mental health diagnosis. The long-awaited move towards a self-determination model is very much welcomed, however there is still work to do to bring the law in line with best practice. (For example, not all minors can access the legal gender recognition procedure and people must renew their intent three months after their initial application).</p>
<p>Unfortunately, equality body Unia’s annual report highlighted rising numbers of discrimination cases based on sexual orientation being referred to it.</p>
<p>The situation faced by intersex people in Europe was brought firmly into the spotlight by Belgian model Hanne Gaby Odiele. She came out as intersex in January and became an outspoken advocate for protection of intersex people’s bodily autonomy throughout the year. Odiele succinctly summed up her own experience and the taboo that can surround intersex bodies, telling USA Today “It's not that big of a deal being intersex... It became a trauma because of what they did."</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="3">Belgium</option>
<option value="8625" data-code="BA" data-score="38" data-color="FDEB26" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8694-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9796-0.15-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,8695-0.81-p,8698-0.81-p,9977-0.60666666697-p"
data-popup="<p>LGBTI activists continued to deliver a clear, unambiguous message to the national authorities in 2017 – the equality legislation looks good on paper but there is still a lot of work required to make daily life safe for LGBTI people in Bosnia and Herzegovina.</p>
<p>This divergence between the existence of laws and their implementation was emphasised by local LGBTI NGOs, global human rights bodies and European institutions. The fact that tolerance needs to be improved and that a strategy to achieve this is urgently needed was mentioned in reports from Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance and in submissions to the UN’s Committee against Torture.</p>
<p>Discrimination and violence against LGBTI people still exists in Bosnia and Herzegovina. LGBTI NGOs who regularly document hate crime were concerned to note trends among the victims who reported such crimes in the past year – many were activists themselves; many of the reported cases were attacks by close family members or school peers, some involved mistreatment by the police. LGBTI activists were forced to protest outside a government ministry in May after their application for an IDAHOT march was not dealt with, a move that the Ombudsman later called a human rights violation.</p>
<p>And such discrimination continues because inaccurate stereotypes about LGBTI people and their lives are allowed to persist. These kinds of inaccurate representations were found in 2017, in everything from educational textbooks to media articles. LGBTI NGOs are continually providing materials and training for civil servants, police officers and teaching staff - but efforts by civil society to create understanding does not relieve national politicians of their own responsibility to act as leaders in this area.</p>
<p>The experiences of the trans community were discussed in parliament for the first time ever, during a thematic session. Community research carried out in 2017 by the NGO Sarajevo Open Centre showed that two-thirds of trans people have experienced violence and been discriminated against, highlighting their vulnerability group within the LGBTI community. Unfortunately, in legal and policy terms, trans people in BiH continued to be marginalised. No progress was made on a more inclusive and accessible legal gender recognition procedure, despite the fact that activists had included it in their recommendations to policymakers contained in the previous edition of the Annual Review.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="22">Bosnia & Herzegovina
</option>
<option value="8626" data-code="BG" data-score="18" data-color="F58D7A" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8691-2.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>LGBTI activists in Bulgaria had a busy 2017, as they celebrated a mix of positive milestones and frustration.</p>
<p>Activists successfully organised the first ever LGBT+ festival in the city of Varna, running for six days. However, not all LGBTI events ran smoothly, as the organisers of Sofia Pride can attest. The 10th edition of Pride in the capital was complicated by the fact that ultranationalist opponents were also granted permission for a protest of their own, one hour before Pride was due to start, entitled ‘Let’s clear Sofia of trash’. </p>
<p>The Supreme Court of Cassation handed down a decision that also contained a mix of good and bad news for trans activists. While the judgment stated that so-called ‘reassignment surgery’ was not necessary but that people requesting a legal change of gender do have to undergo hormone therapy. This was a frustrating moment, as a legal gender recognition framework free from abusive requirements had been called for by LGBTI NGOs and included as a recommendation in last year’s Annual Review. </p>
<p>Support from political figures also varied widely – one MP was condemned and ridiculed in equal measure for suggesting that MPs should reveal their sexual orientation in case it was a conflict of interest, while Sofia’s mayor met with LGBTI activists to discuss sexual health initiatives on World AIDS Day.</p>
<p>There were several moments of encouraging visibility, as intersex activist Pol Naidenov received a human rights award from the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, the first offline trans and intersex-led support meetings took place and the first LGBTI workplace inclusion manual was published.</p>
<p>And, as the year came to a close, activists watched with interest to see how human rights and equality issues would be approached as Bulgaria prepared to take over the rotating six-month Council presidency.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="40">Bulgaria</option>
<option value="8627" data-code="HR" data-score="45" data-color="FFE101" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>Several questions relating to rainbow families and their legal position were raised in Croatia in 2017.</p>
<p>Firstly, LGBTI NGOs queried the decision of the Croatian authorities to deny a same-sex couple’s request to adopt jointly, as the 2014 act governing life partnerships does not explicitly rule out the possibility. </p>
<p>A legislative proposal drafted by former government minister caused concern and anger among many families in Croatia when it was submitted to parliament in the autumn. The draft Family Law suggested that only different-sex couples with children would be defined as family; an idea that drew a critical response from rainbow families and the general public alike. </p>
<p>The bill was eventually withdrawn but the very fact that such a legal change was even mooted in the first place is worrying. Croatia’s laws and policies for LGBTI equality ensure a good position on the Rainbow Europe country ranking but these policies can’t become embedded in reality without political leadership. </p>
<p>A lack of vocal support for LGBTI equality – among politicians and national media – was raised as an ongoing issue by the LGBTI Workplace Equality project. The same initiative also released figures in 2017 that showed many LGBTI employees don’t feel comfortable being out at work, in spite of existing employment anti-discrimination legislation. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="21">Croatia</option>
<option value="8628" data-code="CY" data-score="31" data-color="F9F071" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8684-3.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>The recommendations for national policymakers contained in the last edition of the Annual Review dominated many of the conversations that took place between LGBTI activists and political figures in 2017.</p>
<p>Currently, Cyprus does not have any law in place to protect trans or intersex people, and this fact was top of the agenda for a meeting between LGBTI NGO Accept-LGBT Cyprus and President Anastasiades. Joined by Council of Europe officials, LGBTI activist highlighted the importance of legislating for trans and intersex equality. </p>
<p>Learning from the example set by Malta, local activists worked to produce a proposed law on gender identity, expression and sex characteristics. At the time of writing, the government had not presented the law to parliament for consideration. </p>
<p>Another recommendation proposed in last year’s Annual Review was also highlighted during the meeting between activists and the President – namely the fact that hate crime/speech laws need updating. This is not only due to the fact that many members of the LGBTI communities are excluded from the provisions but also because the hate speech laws do not work in practice, according to the experiences of activists.</p>
<p>On a positive note, a rainbow flag was flown by the Paphos city officials in support of Pride for the first time and the Attorney General clearly stated that children cannot be excluded from sex education classes. However, activists sounded a note of caution around the lack of a coordinated government strategy on how to deal with the rise of new HIV infections.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="29">Cyprus</option>
<option value="8629" data-code="CZ" data-score="26" data-color="FBF28E" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8685-2.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9796-0.15-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Same-sex couples, rainbow families and their legal protection (or lack thereof) were the issues at the forefront of LGBTI activists’ minds in 2017.</p>
<p>The year began on a disappointing note, as a long-awaiting bill on second-parent adoption failed to be debated and was removed from the legislative agenda. (Under existing legislation, only married couples are eligible to access the adoption process.) However, there were encouraging court cases, including the recognition of a couple’s parenthood of their child who had been born via surrogacy in the USA.</p>
<p>Importantly, the LGBTI community did not allow themselves to be discouraged by the political inaction on adoption. Five Czech NGOs grouped together under the <em>Jsme fér</em> (We are Fair) campaign title and began a national conversation on marriage equality. Public opinion polls showed that young adults in particular are very positive about the possible introduction of equal marriage.</p>
<p>Trans activists were left feeling frustrated after National Geographic’s Czech edition featured transphobic language and a different cover to the international version of its ‘Gender Revolution’ edition, while Roma LGBTI activists continued to build links with fellow NGOs through solidarity campaigns. The incident involving National Geographic and intolerant public statements by presidential candidates serve as a timely reminder that there is still an absence of hate crime and hate speech laws to explicitly protect LGBTI people from bias.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="32">Czech Republic</option>
<option value="8630" data-code="DK" data-score="74" data-color="1D8848" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8696-2.28-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8699-2.28-f,8700-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9796-0.15-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Since the last Annual Review was published, Denmark created history by removing identifying as trans from the Danish Health and Medicines Authority’s list of mental illnesses. It is the first country in the world to declassify trans identities in this way, moving away from the WHO’s International Classification of Diseases.</p>
<p>This news was followed later in 2017 by the new guidelines from the national Health Authority, revising previous protocol in an attempt to improve access to trans health services. This marks a step towards fulfilling one of the recommendations for policymakers included in last year’s Annual Review, around transforming the healthcare model for trans people in Denmark. Marriage equality finally became a reality in the Faroe Islands and legislation giving an infertile woman with a female partner access to egg donation including donation from her partner was passed by parliament.</p>
<p>Despite Denmark’s impressive overall ranking position, the bodily integrity section of the Rainbow Europe Map is still an area in which the country can improve, a fact reiterated by an Amnesty International Report on the treatment of intersex children. The report’s recommendations called for sex characteristics to be included in legislation as a protected ground.</p>
<p>As the Annual Review goes to print, LGBTI activists are also eager to see the new LGBTI-specific Action Plan announced by the government become fully operational in 2018.&nbsp;</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="2">Denmark</option>
<option value="8631" data-code="EE" data-score="36" data-color="FBEB3C" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8685-2.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8691-2.00-f,8695-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,9796-0.15-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>The Registered Partnership Act may have been originally passed in 2014 and formally came into force in 2016, but it continued to occupy the minds of Estonian LGBTI activists in 2017.</p>
<p>The law that introduced the option of legally recognised partnerships for same-sex couples had been the subject of a repeal attempt by politicians who continued to oppose it. Thankfully this bill was rejected by Parliament in October. Earlier in the year, the Administrative Court in Tallinn had ruled that by delaying the introduction of the Partnership Act’s implementing legislation, the Estonian state had negatively impacted couples who wanted to register as partners (this was subsequently appealed by the state).</p>
<p>Once again, Estonia’s experience with the Registered Partnerships Act shows policymakers all over Europe that the existence of laws on paper is only part of the equality process – practical implementation of LGBTI-inclusive laws is vital.</p>
<p>Other developments in family law included the first inclusion in the national register of a marriage between a same-sex couple carried out abroad; an adoption carried out by a same-sex couple was also recognised. Estonia joined the list of countries that have ratified the Istanbul Convention, although little movement was noted on the gaps that continue to persist in law and policy, particularly in the areas of hate crime/hate speech, asylum and the abusive requirements involved in the legal gender recognition process.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="24">Estonia</option>
<option value="8632" data-code="FI" data-score="60" data-color="63B045" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8681-0.16-f,8683-3.75-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9796-0.15-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9976-0.88-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>2017 was a year of mixed emotions for the LGBTI community in Finland – some long-awaited legislative changes finally came into effect, while calls for reform in other policy areas were not heeded by policymakers.</p>
<p>Equality advocates celebrated in March as the equal marriage law (initially approved in 2014) came into effect. The legislation had also survived a last-minute attempt by opponents to derail its introduction; a citizen’s initiative to repeal the law was roundly rejected by parliament in February. </p>
<p>Several interesting discussions on potential legal change also took place during the year. A working group was set up to examine the national ID system and its use of gendered personal identification numbers. (The review is expected to run until 2019.) </p>
<p>Another possible future reform is ability of both parents in a female same-sex couple to obtain automatic legal parenthood. This was recommended in the last edition of the Annual Review and was supported by MPs in the legal affairs committee in 2017; the bill will be considered by parliament in 2018. </p>
<p>However, other recommendations directed to policymakers by LGBTI activists were ignored in 2017. Trans activists and civil society continued to push for the removal of sterilisation as a requirement in legal gender recognition. And the calls for change also came from international observers. The UN Human Rights Committee recommendation to remove the need for sterilisation in May was rejected by the Finnish government several months later. A bill with this aim in mind had not received enough support from politicians to make it onto a committee agenda by the end of the year. </p>
<p>Following concerns raised by LGBTI asylum seekers, LGBTI NGOs engaged with migration agencies to increase awareness of the specific situation of LGBTI asylum seekers and the support they require when arriving in Finland. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="12">Finland</option>
<option value="8633" data-code="FR" data-score="64" data-color="19AC4B" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8683-3.75-f,8685-2.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9795-0.80-f,9796-0.15-f,9797-0.80-f,9976-0.88-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Many of the high-profile developments related to LGBTI equality in France during 2017 came from judicial benches as opposed to parliamentary chambers.</p>
<p>In a historic judgment, the European Court of Human Rights held that requiring people to be sterilised before they can access legal gender recognition was a clear human rights violation. Unfortunately, the Court did not view forced medical exams or mental health diagnosis as a breach of the Convention, but the decision marks a major victory for LGBTI activists and should herald a swift move away from abusive requirements such as sterilisation by governments across Europe. </p>
<p>Another significant legal discussion took place in Clermont-Ferrand where an intersex man filed an official complaint against the surgeons who operated on him as a baby without consent. LGBTI activists believe this investigation by the prosecutor is the first case of its kind in France. </p>
<p>However, in the year after the passage of a new legal gender recognition procedure, France’s highest court of appeal ruled that a gender-neutral person could not be recognised as such on any government documents, ruling out the possibility of a third gender marker. </p>
<p>Access to medically assisted insemination for individuals was cited by LGBTI activists as a priority in the previous edition of the Annual Review. That particular recommendation was on the agenda of legislators in 2017, following advice from the national ethics committee that access be extended to lesbian couples and single people. The minister for gender equality made a public commitment to the legislation but no legal change took place before the end of the year.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="7">France</option>
<option value="8634" data-code="GE" data-score="25" data-color="F7EAA4" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8703-1.00-f,8713-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>LGBTI activists working on the ground in Georgia had to face several challenges in 2017 – not only when community members required their support, but because the activists themselves were the targets of bias-motivated attacks.</p>
<p>Several LGBTI activists were subjected to a hate campaign instigated by ultranationalist opponents, with violent threats being spread through social media posts and newspaper articles. Five members of the LGBTI community, including activists who worked with LGBTI NGOs, were physically attacked in Batumi city, but received no support from law enforcement officials.</p>
<p>These clear attempts to intimidate and make LGBTI activists cease their work is another example of the increasingly difficult climate that human rights defenders are operating in across Europe.</p>
<p>Little progress was made on the recommendations issued in the previous edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review. The fact that the existing legislative protections are not being fully utilised only adds to that disappointment. Zizi Shekiladze’s murderer was given a 13-year prison sentence, but transphobia was not considered by the court as an aggravating circumstance, despite provision for this possibility under the country’s Criminal Code.</p>
<p>More positive legal developments included the initiation of the first case of gender identity discrimination heard by the Public Defender since the introduction of the 2014 equality laws and the Constitutional Court’s decision that the blanket ban on blood donation violated the Constitution.</p>
<p>In another development involving the Constitution, parliament voted to introduce a definition of marriage into the document, describing it as a union between a man and a woman. However, the Venice Commission noted that this did not rule out the possibility of legal recognition for same-sex couples.</p><p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>"
data-popup-display="1" data-place="34">Georgia</option>
<option value="8635" data-code="DE" data-score="53" data-color="A6C937" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8683-3.75-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8750-2.50-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,9796-0.15-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10235-1.00-f,10236-0.30-f,8668-0.05-p,8673-0.715-p,8674-0.05-p,8677-0.48125-p,8679-0.71544-p,8696-1.5675-p,8699-1.5675-p,8761-0.48125-p,9799-0.9975-p,9976-0.605-p"
data-popup="<p>In a move that was eventually as swift as it was unexpected, marriage equality became a reality for same-sex couples living in Germany.</p>
<p>As several political parties indicated that they would only enter coalition agreement if marriage equality was include, the shift of Angela Merkel’s Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party to facilitate a free vote in the weeks before heralded the arrival of equal marriage earlier than many LGBTI activists would have predicted. Before the end of 2017, couples were able to marry and access the adoption process. However, LGBTI NGOs have pointed out that family law issues still remain, around a lack of automatic co-parent recognition and obstacles for trans parents.</p>
<p>Another historic moment for the LGBTI movement in Germany came in the autumn, as the Constitutional Court declared that the constitution protects people outside the gender binary. In the coming months, legislators have two options: introduce a third gender option for people who do not identify as a male or female, or remove gender registration altogether by the end of 2018.</p>
<p>While some areas of Germany’s family laws were updated to include same-sex couples, there was little movement in other sections and gaps remain. There is still no national legislation to protect LGBTI people against bias-motivated speech or violence. Figures released by the Federal Interior Ministry showed a 27% increase in the numbers of sexual orientation-related hate crimes reported in the first half of 2017. This only underlines the urgency for legislation; a move previously recommended by last year’s Annual Review.</p>
<p>The Queer Refugees Germany project began its work to mainstream LGBTI issues into German support service for asylum seekers. Germany also moved to apologise for historic convictions handed down to gay and bisexual men, accompanied by a compensation scheme.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="15">Germany</option>
<option value="8636" data-code="GR" data-score="52" data-color="B4D233" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8700-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,9798-1.10-f,9976-0.88-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>There were several significant legislative developments in Greece in 2017 – most notably in the areas of family and gender recognition laws. However, LGBTI activists pointed out that there is still room for improvement in terms of LGBTI equality.</p>
<p>The legal gender recognition process was firmly in the spotlight during the year. In the last edition of the Annual Review, policymakers were instructed to make reform of the existing outdate process a priority.</p>
<p>Self-determination was the key request from the trans community and activists alike. However when the final legislation was passed in October it fell short of this overall goal, as a judge will have to decide if the person’s gender expression/presentation matches their gender marker before legal recognition is granted. Thankfully, sterilisation was removed as a requirement but difficulties remain for trans people who are currently married, for younger trans people and non-binary trans people. </p>
<p>One same-sex couple received some negative news; they had been married by the mayor of Tilos in 2008 but had their union annulled by the Supreme Court in 2017.</p>
<p>Another recommendation put forward in last year’s Annual Review was the introduction of anti-discrimination laws in the area of education. While legislation was not forthcoming in 2017, the Ministry of Education did commit to updating school textbooks in order to promote diversity and eradicate LGBTIphobia. In a first for a serving prime minister, Alexis Tsipras gave an interview to a popular LGBTI magazine.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="17">Greece</option>
<option value="8637" data-code="HU" data-score="30" data-color="FAF076" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8715-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Hungary’s existing laws and policies position it towards the middle of the Rainbow Europe country ranking – but that only reveals part of the experience for LGBTI people living in the country. The rhetoric around human rights and LGBTI equality must be examined alongside what exists in the statute books.</p>
<p>In 2017, the Hungarian government continued to openly vilify NGOs and activists. A controversial new law, imposing additional requirements on NGOs that receive funding from aboard, was condemned as discriminatory and disproportionate by human rights groups. This specific piece of legislation also elicited a reaction from the European Commission, as it stepped up legal proceedings against Hungary for breach of the EU’s treaty provisions.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Several politicians drew attention during the course of the year – but not for their support of LGBTI equality. Prime Minister Viktor Orban spoke at the International Organisation of the Family’s annual conference in Budapest, while the mayor of Asotthalom’s attempt to introduce ‘anti-propaganda’ regulations was annulled by the Constitutional Court.</p>
<p>Towards the end of 2017, a new decree was added to the national birth registry regulations. This means that applications for legal gender recognition have a legal basis for the first time in Hungarian law. LGBTI activists point out that the procedure still needs to be improved, echoing their recommendation (contained in last year’s Annual Review) to introduce a clear framework, free from abusive requirements.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="30">Hungary</option>
<option value="8638" data-code="IS" data-score="61" data-color="51AF47" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8692-2.50-f,8695-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8750-2.50-f,8761-1.10-f,9796-0.15-f,9798-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10235-1.00-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>Named the least homophobic country by an OECD study published in 2017, Iceland’s LGBTI activists continued to highlight the divergence between reputation and reality, particularly for more marginalised members of the community.</p>
<p>LGBTI activism was placed at the centre of Iceland’s National Day celebrations in June, as a trans woman was named Lady of the Mountain in the township of Hafnarfjörður for the first time. The Fjallkona is said to be a personification of all the country’s best qualities and LGBTI activist Eva Agusta Aradottir was selected for the Hafnarfjörður role in 2017.</p>
<p>Despite this undoubtedly positive visibility, there was less movement on law and policy related to the protection of LGBTI people’s rights during the year. In a letter to the UN Human Rights Committee, LGBTIAP NGOs pointed out the gaps that remain in equality laws and the ongoing lack of protection for intersex people against unnecessary surgeries. These concerns are shared by ILGA-Europe and were included in last year’s recommendations to national policymakers in our Annual Review.</p>
<p>The Supreme Court of Iceland found two men guilty of hate speech towards LGBTI people following comments written on a news website comment section. However, this positive decision also reminds Annual Review readers that Icelandic law currently does not protect against LGBTI-phobic hate crime, leaving the community vulnerable. Another issue raised by activists is the lack of training for immigration services staff on the specific needs of LGBTI asylum seekers; an Iranian man seeking asylum on the grounds of sexual orientation was also deported back to Italy despite having reported being sexually assaulted there previously.</p>
<p>2017 ended on an optimistic note, as a new coalition government was formed towards the end of the year, comprised of the Left Green Movement, the Progressive Party and the Independence Party. For the first time, LGBTIAP issues and the need to support civil society were specifically named in the government agreement – with particular emphasis placed on the proposed self-determination legislation currently being discussed by policymakers.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="11">Iceland</option>
<option value="8639" data-code="IE" data-score="53" data-color="A6C937" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8679-0.88-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8695-2.43-f,8696-2.28-f,8699-2.28-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,9796-0.15-f,9976-0.88-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Reflection appeared to be a common thread running through many of the developments in LGBTI equality in Ireland during 2017.</p>
<p>The existing legal gender recognition legislation is due to undergo a significant review, and this process began in earnest. The Gender Recognition Act, introduced in 2015, will be assessed by an expert group which includes several prominent LGBTI activists. The review will consider the position of trans people under the age of 16 as well as the experience of non-binary people in Ireland, a move that was encouraged by ILGA-Europe and activists alike in last year’s Annual Review recommendations to policymakers.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Following similar initiatives in other European countries, the Irish Senate (Seanad) also began discussions on a possible pardon and apology for those historically convicted of consensual same-sex sexual acts.</p>
<p>Another major milestone achieved in 2017 was the publication of the results of a consultation with young LGBTI people in Ireland. These reports will form the basis of the country’s first national LGBTI+ Youth Strategy and Ireland is the first country in the world to carry out a national strategy of this kind, focusing on the specific needs of young members of the LGBTI community.</p>
<p>One area of law that continues to be conspicuous by its absence from Ireland’s statute books is hate crime legislation that protects LGBTI people; activists continued to push for its introduction. In June, Irish politics featured in global news headlines as Leo Varadkar became Ireland’s first openly gay Taoiseach (prime minister).</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="16">Ireland</option>
<option value="8640" data-code="IT" data-score="25" data-color="F7EAA4" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8684-3.00-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8768-1.00-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>The topic of family continued to feature prominently in Italy during 2017, particularly in the country’s courts. Judges – at local, national and European levels – were asked to decide on a series of cases that were of interest to rainbow families living in Italy.</p>
<p>The European Court of Human Rights decision in the Orlandi case was probably the most high-profile of these judgments. The Court found that the fact that Italy had left same-sex couples who had married abroad in a legal vacuum with no protection (prior to the 2016 introduction of civil unions) had violated their human rights. It was a timely reminder for policymakers, and also reminds Annual Review readers of the low level of legal protection for rainbow families in Italy, even in 2017.</p>
<p>Other cases decided by Italian courts included the Constitutional Court’s verdict that decisions around who should be registered as a child’s mother following a surrogacy agreement should be guided by the child’s best interest. Also, several same-sex couples were registered as parents by local municipalities following adoptions carried out aboard. </p>
<p>Anti-equality groups focused their efforts on education in several regions, issuing complaints about plays featured gender fluid characters and classifying schools in Bologna by whether or not they include anti-homophobia lessons on the curriculum. The trans community in Romania and Italy were saddened by the news of the murder of a Romanian trans woman in Rome and several LGBTI NGOs started a campaign to assist her family with repatriation and funeral costs. </p>
<p>In a positive development, Umbria introduced a regional law against homo- and transphobia, recognising such discrimination as detrimental to a person’s health. This encouraging policy move stands in stark contrast to the lack of legislation protecting LGBTI from discrimination at national level.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="33">Italy</option>
<option value="8641" data-code="KV" data-score="35" data-color="FAEE43" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>The sense of community, solidarity and celebration within the LGBTI movement in Kosovo was clear for all to see in 2017 as Pristina held its first ever Pride event.</p>
<p>While LGBTI activists had exercised their right to peacefully assemble for public events in the past (around IDAHOT, for example), the country had never hosted a Pride before. </p>
<p>The ‘In the Name of Love’ festival was organised by 9 civil society groups, the prime minister and president were involved in the celebrations, and over 500 people joined the inaugural Pride March. Religious leaders and affiliated political parties opposed the event, but Pride passed off peacefully with no major counter-protest.</p>
<p>Anti-LGBTI hate speech and hate crime, such as the incidents reported to LGBTI NGOs around Pride and throughout the year, are still not adequately included in national legislation. A recommendation to provide such protection in law was included in last year’s Annual Review and was also raised with the Ministry of Justice by activists in 2017. The devastating impact of LGBTIphobia was highlighted by the fact that LGBTI NGOs had to assist several LGBIT people to leave Kosovo entirely as a result of domestic violence, seeking shelter with services in Albania.
<p>Another recommendation from last year’s Annual Review focused on developing a legal basis for legal gender recognition, a process that currently is not provided for in law or administrative policy. While new laws were not forthcoming in 2017, activists did commence meetings on the subject with the relevant ministry. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="25">Kosovo*</option>
<option value="8642" data-code="LV" data-score="22" data-color="F9BD88" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>Progress on legal equality for LGBTI people continues to be frustratingly slow in Latvia.</p>
<p>The country’s legislation and policies do not contain many LGBTI-specific references, with significant gaps remaining in equality law, family policies, provision for legal gender recognition or protection for trans people. </p>
<p>There are no points awarded on the Rainbow Europe Index at all in the area of hate crime and hate speech. The US State Department’s annual report on country situations noted that societal discrimination against LGBTI people persists in the country. However, the national Ombudsman’s office did clarify that the constitutional article on non-discrimination was applicable in a situation where a photographer refused to take a portrait of a lesbian couple and their family.</p>
<p>The civil society space section of the Map is the only policy area that scores well, a fact that LGBTI activists will hope remains as Riga prepares to host Baltic Pride in 2018 (following the inspiring scenes of 2015). </p>
<p>Unfortunately, there was no progress to report on the recommendations for policymakers contained in the last edition of the Annual Review, as no action plan on equality was developed and same-sex couples are still not formally recognised in law. In fact, one piece of legislation that was passed asks public officials to declare who their spouses or people they live with are, to avoid potential conflicts of interest – a law that not only fails to legally protect same-sex cohabiting couples but will also publicly out them. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="36">Latvia</option>
<option value="8643" data-code="LS" data-score="20" data-color="F9AA85" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8670-1.10-f,8684-3.00-f,8695-2.43-f,8704-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>There were very few developments related to sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics recorded in 2017. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="38">Liechtenstein</option>
<option value="8644" data-code="LT" data-score="24" data-color="FAE490" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>Throughout 2017, Lithuanian parliamentarians discussed a range of legislative proposals that could have a significant impact of the lives of LGBTI people – for better and for worse.</p>
<p>Family, its definition and the overall place of same-sex cpuples in Lithuanian society was the focus of several parliamentary debates.&nbsp; While a gender-neutral partnership suggestion was ultimately rejected by legislators, a sizable group of 29 MPs did back the proposal.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Last year’s Annual Review had recommended introducing measures to protect same-sex couples but no great advances were made towards that. In fact, several laws were introduced that excluded same-sex couples from their remit – amendments to an equal opportunities law omitted registered partners of EU/EEAS citizens from its definition of ‘family members’. Another law on ‘strengthening family’ only spoke of different-sex married couples with children in its provisions.</p>
<p>Another area of law and policy where major gaps remain is legal gender recognition. Again, LGBTI activists and ILGA-Europe have stressed this was a priority in the last edition of the Annual Review. At the start of the year, there were encouraging signs to suggest that these calls were being heard. Two trans people received positive court judgments, meaning that they were granted legal gender recognition without having to undergo surgery. There was also promising moves by the justice ministry, as a draft law on recognition of gender identity was opened for public consultation. However, within days, this was followed by a bill from MPs seeking to completely ban access to legal gender recognition.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="35">Lithuania</option>
<option value="8645" data-code="LU" data-score="68" data-color="159C4A" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8696-2.28-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8699-2.28-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,9796-0.15-f,9976-0.88-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>While there were not many legal or policy developments finalised in 2017, LGBTI activists in Luxembourg continued to push for greater equality for the LGBTI community.</p>
A very important bill was drafted and introduced by the government in May; the draft legislation focuses on reform of the legal gender recognition process. Under the proposed law, self-determination is the ultimate goal for adults and children and abusive requirements, such as sterilisation would be removed. At the end of the year, the bill had not moved on to the full parliament discussion stage. </p>
<p>Activists from inside and outside Luxembourg will watch its progress with interest. </p>
<p>The visibility of high-profile same-sex couples also hit the headlines as Gauthier Destenay, the husband of Prime Minister Xavier Bettel, became the first male spouse to join the partners of leaders from fellow NATO members. However, the official photograph of the summit became infamous after Destenay was left out of the photo’s caption.</p>
<p>LGBTI activists took the opportunity to engage with local politicians around October’s municipal election, providing practical examples of how the LGBTI community and lawmakers could work together. Disappointingly, there was no progress reported on the three recommendations for policymakers included in last year’s Annual Review – gaps in laws on asylum, the bodily integrity of intersex people and equality action plans all remain the same. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="5">Luxembourg</option>
<option value="8647" data-code="MT" data-score="93" data-color="025335" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8674-0.16-f,8675-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8685-2.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8692-2.50-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8696-2.28-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8699-2.28-f,8700-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8750-2.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,8770-1.50-f,9795-0.80-f,9796-0.15-f,9797-0.80-f,9798-1.10-f,9799-2.28-f,9800-1.50-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9976-0.88-f,9977-0.91-f,9978-2.00-f,9979-2.50-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10235-1.00-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>The work of LGBTI activists and human rights defenders is never done – and Malta is a perfect of example. Despite the fact that the country maintained its place at the top of the Rainbow Europe law and policy ranking for IDAHOT 2017, there were still updates to legislation to come in the following months.</p>
<p>The most widely reported of these legal changes was arguably the vote in favour of marriage equality (almost unanimously) by parliament in July. This came into effect in September and marriages involving same-sex couples were being entered into the public registry by the end of the year.</p>
<p>Another significant step was the Maltese government’s introduction of X gender markers on official documentation, introducing the possibility of gender-neutral markers for people’s passports and identity cards.</p>
<p>Minister for European Affairs and Equality Helena Dalli reminded policymakers, politicians have a role to play in shaping positive public opinion on equality issues. The importance of social acceptance cannot be overlooked; laws are part of the process of change, not the conclusion. The fact that Maltese LGBTI NGOs reported 15 cases of online hate speech during a six-week monitoring exercise is a wake-up call, reminding policymakers that intolerance can exist in countries at all levels on the Rainbow Europe ranking.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="1">Malta</option>
<option value="8650" data-code="ME" data-score="63" data-color="27AC49" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8685-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8696-2.28-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8699-2.28-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8770-1.50-f,9796-0.15-f,9798-1.10-f,9799-2.28-f,9800-1.50-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9976-0.88-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>The LGBTI movement in Montenegro experienced another busy year, as they called for existing laws and policies to be actively enforced, in addition to advocating for new legal protection.</p>
<p>One of the most visible moments for a city’s LGBTI community is Pride – and the 2017 edition of the event was declared a success by the organisers. No violent incidents or disruption was reported to the police, who protected the march, but required less numbers than in previous years.</p>
<p>However, the online reaction to Podgorica’s Pride was less encouraging – monitoring of social media by LGBTI NGOs revealed a steep increase in anti-LGBTI hate speech in the wake of Pride. Additional public opinion polls showed that politicians and other public figures need to do more to improve awareness and understanding of LGBTI equality issues.</p>
<p>During 2017, LGBTI activists drew attention to the disparity between the law on paper and in practice, drawing on the fact that no criminal cases for hate crime on SOGI grounds have been successfully taken. That is despite that fact that NGOs are aware of bias-motivated violence and that such legislation has existed since 2013.&nbsp;</p>
<p>One of the recommendations for policymakers contained in last year’s Annual Review was the introduction of recognition for same-sex couples. LGBTI NGOs continued to call for this in 2017, taking their places at the table with politicians at the working group set up to examine a draft partnership bill.</p>
<p>Other positive developments included the establishment of Spectra, an organisation focusing on equality for trans, intersex and gender variant people, and the passage of an armed forces law with specific protection from discrimination on SOGI grounds.</p>
<p>In the absence of reliable, consistent government assistance, NGOs continued to provide support for LGBTI asylum seekers arriving in Montenegro and for LGBTI people who required shelter services.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="8">Montenegro</option>
<option value="8648" data-code="MD" data-score="21" data-color="F9B785" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8691-2.00-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>Moldova’s LGBTI activists and allies achieved some significant milestones in 2017, despite operating against a backdrop of low public acceptance and a series of blatantly discriminatory statements made by leading political figures.</p>
<p>Attracting over 450 people onto the streets of Chisinau, LGBTI activists reported that the 2017 No Fear solidarity walk was the largest and most well attended LGBTI march ever held in Moldova. LGBTI NGO GENDERDOC-M was also part of a coalition of civil society groups who organised the first feminist festival to take place in the country, coinciding with International Women’s Day on 8 March. </p>
<p>However, the No Fear solidarity march also encapsulated several of the concerns raised by activists throughout the year. Despite the fact that the LGBTI march was taking place peacefully, the activists and allies were evacuated by police after completing only part of the previously agreed route. </p>
<p>This evacuation occurred after counter-protestors (smaller in number than those marching with the No Fear event) blocked the road. This reaction poses a number of questions about the true nature of LGBTI freedom of assembly in Moldova. Protection of this fundamental freedom was among the priorities for national authorities highlighted in the last edition of this Annual Review and ILGA-Europe are keen to see it supported in 2018.</p>
<p>Activists also drew links between consistent anti-LGBTI hate speech and subsequent incidents of hate crime. Hate crime on LGBTI grounds is not legislated for in Moldova and a draft bill to amend the Civil Code to provide such protection was still not passed by the end of the year. One particularly damaging and public exponent of anti-LGBTI speech was President Igor Dodon, who exclaimed that LGBTI people would never be accepted while condemning the No Fear march. NGOs received several reports of attacks on LGBTI people during the year; activists and NGO staff members were among the victims.</p>
<p>Activists were also keeping a close eye on parliament at the end of the year, following the retraction of a series of amendments to the country’s laws on NGOs. Several of the amendments sounded very familiar to LGBTI activists, as they featured references to foreign funding and additional requirements, similar to other initiatives in other European countries. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="37">Moldova</option>
<option value="8649" data-code="MC" data-score="13" data-color="EA6D71" data-eu="0" data-categories="8686-1.00-f,8695-2.43-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>There were very few developments related to sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics recorded in 2017. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="43">Monaco</option>
<option value="8651" data-code="NL" data-score="56" data-color="92BC3E" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8695-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9975-0.78-f,9976-0.88-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>2017 posed many questions for LGBTI activists as general elections drew lots of attention in March. The LGBTI movement made an effort to put LGBTI policy and legislative proposals on the agenda during the campaign. An encouraging picture emerged at the end of the year, as eight political parties signed a pledge with national NGO COC including eight commitments on LGBTI issues (the Rainbow Ballot Agreement). Several of these commitments were later included in the new coalition government agreement.</p>
<p>The work of trans and intersex advocates was to the fore throughout the course of the year. Amsterdam hosted the fourth International Intersex Forum, the largest forum to date. Several surveys outlined the precarious situation that many trans people can find themselves in, especially in relation to employment and discriminatory treatment. Supportive political allies put forward a bill to add sex characteristics, gender identity and gender expression to the list of grounds protected against discrimination. This gap in legal protection had been highlighted by activists, the Rainbow Ballot Agreement and by ILGA-Europe in last year’s Annual Review recommendations to policymakers.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, there was less momentum around another of those previous recommendations, namely the call to introduce hate crime laws that specifically protect LGBTI people. This year’s Annual Review contains several incidences of bias-motivated violence reported to NGOs, a fact that shows that a country’s impressive record on LGBTI equality does not guarantee acceptance in the future.</p>
<p>While most media interest focused on the poll numbers of right-wing populist parties in the run-up to March’s general election, the interesting news for LGBTI NGOs came in October. Among the commitments in the Rainbow Ballot Agreement and the coalition government agreement were commitments to extend constitutional protection to LGBTI people and amend equality laws to protect against trans and intersex discrimination. However, the multiple parenting options discussed in 2016 appear to have stalled by the end of the year.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="13">Netherlands</option>
<option value="8646" data-code="MK" data-score="27" data-color="FAF188" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8694-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8703-1.00-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>The LGBTI community in North Macedonia experienced a vast spectrum of emotions throughout 2017. Those twelve months contained everything from moments of concerns around shrinking civil society space, election deadlock and the ensuing uncertainty, followed by the expectation of change and hope for the future.</p>
<p>The year opened with attempts to discredit civil society organisations, particularly those associated with George Soros and the Open Society Foundations. In a move reminiscent of anti-NGO rhetoric in Hungary, attempts were made to delegitimise groups who were calling for change. (This was not the end of the links between Hungary and North Macedonia in 2017 – as Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban also made a cameo appearance during the local election campaign in support of the conservative VMRO-DPMNE party.)</p>
<p>Fortunately for LGBTI NGOs (and Macedonian society at large), these attempts were ultimately unsuccessful and the initiative had been largely forgotten by the end of the year. What could not be so easily forgotten was the fallout from the December 2016 general election. Negotiation deadlock was followed by demonstrations and parliament was even stormed before the Social Democrats (SDSM) formed a government in June.</p>
<p>This was followed by a period of activity and optimism for LGBTI activists. A new anti-discrimination bill providing comprehensive protection on multiple grounds, long called for by the community, was drafted after consultation with LGBTI NGOs. (The need for anti-discrimination legislation to protect the rights of LGBTI people was also referred to in last year’s Annual Review recommendations.)The new education ministry committed to reviewing textbooks and curricula to remove LGBTI-phobic material. The Istanbul Convention was ratified and the NGO LGBTI Support Centre celebrated its fifth anniversary, a major milestone attended by the prime minister.</p>
<p>One of the most positive trends observed after the formation of a new government was the visible public support for LGBTI equality demonstrated by political figures. Ministers attended Pride events and LGBTI NGO festivities – a move credited by LGBTI NGOs as a reason for most positive coverage of equality issues in the media. One particular positive commitment was the enthusiasm of MPs to join a new inter-parliamentary group for LGBTI issues, a body that is expected to launch in 2018.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="31">North Macedonia</option>
<option value="8652" data-code="NO" data-score="68" data-color="159C4A" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,8770-1.50-f,9796-0.15-f,9976-0.88-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>Norway’s rise towards the top of the Rainbow Europe country ranking was accelerated by the introduction of the 2016 legal gender recognition law. The following year, however, was not as active on the legislative front.</p>
<p>Several incidents throughout the year reminded LGBTI activists and policymakers alike that LGBTIphobia can exist everywhere, even in countries like Norway that are considered to be progressive on equality issues. A group of Nazis from the Nordic Resistance Movement attempted to organised an LGBTIphobic march in the city of Fredrikstad, while a couple were harassed and attacked because of their sexual orientation while visiting a town north of Oslo.</p>
<p>Police in Oslo received four reports of bias-motivated hate crimes during Oslo Pride, incidents that remind the LGBTI community that Norway’s hate crime and speech laws should be extended to cover all SOGIGESC grounds. This recommendation was included in last year’s Annual Review but no progress seems to have been made on this in 2017. The additional suggestion, made by ILGA-Europe and LGBTI activists, that policymakers also need to prioritise legislation to protect intersex children against unnecessary surgeries was not worked on by politicians in the past year.</p>
<p>Frustratingly for the non-binary community in Norway, proposals by the Labour Party to introduce a neutral gender marker on passports were rejected by parliament in February.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="4">Norway</option>
<option value="8653" data-code="PL" data-score="13" data-color="EA6D71" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8708-1.75-f,8715-1.50-f,9796-0.15-f,9977-0.91-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>LGBTI people in Poland continued to encounter discrimination on a regular basis in 2017 – either in an individual capacity or when organising collectively as activists and in civil society groups.</p>
<p>From an NGO perspective, LGBTI activists remain concerned how the space that civil society occupies in Poland is gradually being eroded. They are continuing to monitor how new laws, such as the Public Assembly Bill (now deemed constitutional), will operate in practice. Worries also linger around access to funding and resources to support LGBTI activism in the coming years.</p>
<p>Several NGO-led studies also revealed the personal difficulties experienced by LGBTI people. The absence of any clear protocol or training for medical professionals in Poland was highlighted in a comparative study into trans-specific health needs. The recommendations of that particular report included the introduction of a legal gender recognition process based on self-determination, underlining the glaring legal gap as demonstrated in our own Rainbow Europe Map.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Thousands of LGBTA people also responded to a survey on their social lives by NGOs KPH, Lambda Warsaw and Trans – Fuzja Foundation, sharing their experiences of depression and anti-LGBTI violence. However, the same survey also contained an element of hope for the future, as the LGBTA community were shown to be very politically engaged and turn out to vote in huge numbers.</p>
<p>The physical attacks reported by individual LGBTI people are not just statistics. They are personal cases. (A recommendation included in last year’s Annual Review called for action and legislation against bias-motivated crimes.) There was no movement on another recommendation to protect same-sex people in partnerships, motivating several couples (supported by an NGO coalition) to initiate legal action in Strasbourg before the European Court of Human Rights.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="44">Poland</option>
<option value="8654" data-code="PT" data-score="62" data-color="4BAE49" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8750-2.50-f,8761-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9977-0.91-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>LGBTI activists turned their attention to the legislative process in 2017, as several proposals for major legal change were being discussed by parliamentarians.</p>
<p>Under existing legislation, the process for changing legal gender markers is governed by a 2011 law amending sections of the Civil Code. However, a standalone piece of legislation was proposed, one that would recognise an individual’s right to their own gender identity. The proposals also refer to a process based on self-determination, that this process would be open to anyone over the age of 16, and that so-called corrective surgeries on intersex children would be banned.</p>
<p>Although the law had not been voted on by the end of 2017, it is encouraging to see steps being taken to put the recommendations of LGBTI activists into practice. (The May 2017 Annual Review had specifically called on policymakers to update the LGR procedure and to protect intersex minors.)</p>
<p>Sexual health advocates received a positive piece of news during the year, as Portugal met the first of three 90-90-90 targets set by UNAIDS. The importance of implementation of existing equality standards was also highlighted; LGBTI activists drew attention to the difficulties encountered by same-sex couples who have tried to access the adoption system since the law was amended in 2016.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="9">Portugal</option>
<option value="8655" data-code="RO" data-score="18" data-color="F58D7A" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8694-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>Same-sex couples and their families continued to dominate discussions in Romania – and outside the country’s borders too.</p>
<p>In what promises to be a highly significant case for same-sex couples in Europe, Adrian Coman and Clai Hamilton’s request to be recognised as family reached the Court of Justice of the European Union. The couple’s case was heard by the Grand Chamber of 15 judges, a sign of the magnitude of the legal principles being argued in the case.</p>
<p>Readers of the Annual Review may also be familiar with the 2013 signature collection campaign, run by anti-equality campaigners. (This initiative proposes holding a referendum on the constitutional definition of marriage, in an attempt to block same-sex couples from being able to marry in the future - in spite of an already existing ban in the country’s civil legislation.) The Chamber of Deputies backed the initiative in May; a move that was critiqued by MEPs who pointed out the human rights of LGBTI people would be violated. The ruling Social Democrat party continued to support the idea of a referendum, but no vote was held before the end of the year.</p>
<p>Cluj Napoca made history as the first Romanian city outside the capital to host a Pride march. The event had to be moved following threats from opponents and Cluj’s mayor subsequently implied that the city’s authorities were not keen to host another Pride event.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="41">Romania</option>
<option value="8656" data-code="RU" data-score="8" data-color="DF4F4E" data-eu="0" data-categories="8691-2.00-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f" data-popup="<p>ILGA-Europe have been compiling Annual Reviews for many years and in many ways the Editorial Team thought they had seen it all. But in the spring of 2017, news began to emerge from Chechnya that shocked the LGBTI community globally.</p>
<p>The detention of community members in unofficial prisons and the human rights violations they suffered there, as revealed by Novaya Gazeta reporters, was difficult to comprehend. Activists in the region reported that people were being kept in illegal detention centres, tortured and even killed, based on their perceived sexual orientation.</p>
<p>The violence in the multiple detention centres was further compounded by the treatment that several victims received from family members following their release. In a region where traditional family customs are embedded in society (and where external pressure on families from the regime itself is also very real), many feared reprisals or even honour killings, prompting many people to seek safety outside Russia. The mobilisation of local activists, NGOs and the LGBTI community around the world to support the survivors was an inspirational moment in the midst of crisis.</p>
<p>The efforts of investigative journalists to expose what was happening in Chechnya remind us of the importance of the fundamental freedom of expression. A bill that would allow the Russian authorities to list certain media outlets as so-called ‘foreign agents’ was rushed through parliament, and came into effect immediately.</p>
<p>The restriction of freedom of expression was also at the core of the <em>Bayev v Russia</em> case, in which the European Court of Human Rights declared that Russia breached the rights of activists who had complained about the effects of the country’s ‘anti-propaganda’ legislation. It was a landmark decision and the first time that the Strasbourg Court had ruled on the infamous law.</p>
<p>While no progress was recorded on the legal and policy front, or on the recommendations contained in last year’s Annual Review, LGBTI activists persisted with their work. St Petersburg witnessed its largest Pride event since 2010 and the organisers of Queer Fest in the city reported no disruption as the festival welcomed over 1000 people. Results from the first-ever study on the rights of LGBTQIA people with disability in Russia were published and there were several positive court decisions on access to legal gender recognition.&nbsp;</p>
<p>But as this Annual Review goes to print, the shadow of Chechnya still hangs over the work of activists in the region. Despite the international condemnation, there are still major security concerns for survivors and no investigation has begun, one year on.&nbsp;</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="46">Russia</option>
<option value="8657" data-code="SM" data-score="14" data-color="EC6F72" data-eu="0" data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8685-2.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8713-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>There were very few developments related to sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics recorded in 2017. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="42">San Marino</option>
<option value="8658" data-code="RS" data-score="37" data-color="FDEB31" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8697-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8707-1.20-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9798-1.10-f,9972-1.10-f,9973-1.10-f,9974-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>Implementation of existing legal standards was emphasised as an area of key importance during the European Commission’s annual assessment of Serbia. The human rights of LGBTI people are referenced within some equality and hate crime laws but the enlargement report stated that more sustained efforts were required to make them effective. Some recommendations put forward included the need for greater political support and tackling of bias-motivated crime.</p>
<p>In relation to political cooperation, an analysis of political party materials showed that only a small number specifically referred to the rights of LGBTI people in their programmes.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, the first openly LGBT government minister was appointed in 2016, and a government ministry employee spoke out about his sexual orientation while receiving an equality award.</p>
<p>Anti-discrimination protection on the ground of gender identity was included in a new police act, but sexual orientation was omitted.</p>
<p>At the end of the year, trans people continued to face a situation where there is no clear procedure governing legal gender recognition.</p>
<p>During their work in 2017, LGBTI activists in Serbia encountered several familiar challenges – resistance to the introduction of new legislation and unsatisfactory implementation of existing standards.</p>
<p>Same-sex couples continue to be omitted from the pages of family law, with no legal protection or recognition of their relationships. LGBTI NGOs reported that the rhetoric around registered partnership for same-sex couples is not positive, but they still attempted to keep the issue in the spotlight by calling on new (openly lesbian) Prime Minister Ana Brnabi? to adopt a law within the lifetime of her government. This was one of the priority pieces of legislation referred to by activists and included in the previous Annual Review’s recommendations to policymakers. </p>
<p>Asylum law is an area where Serbian legislation makes little provision for LGBTI people; activists watched with interest as a new bill on asylum and protection began its journey through parliament in the autumn. Another law that will be keenly examined by LGBTI NGOs is the Biomedical Fertility Act, which gives access to assisted reproduction to single women for the first time.</p>
<p>The fact that many public LGBTI events were held without incident in 2017 is a very positive development. Organisers reported that the freedom of assembly was well respected, the capital’s Pride March was attended by the prime minister, and Nis hosted its first-ever Pride Week. There was also encouragement for trans and intersex activists during the year – NGO XY Spectrum began its work as the first organisation working on intersex issue in the country, and a national commission was renamed following an NGO request to choose a title that does not pathologise trans identities. </p>
<p>While LGBTI NGOs are undoubtedly improving the lives of LGBTI people all over Serbia, they cannot be expected to do this work alone. Existing laws and policies need to be implemented fully effectively in order to be truly effective. Hate crime legislation alone does not stop bias-motivated crimes; the cases reported to NGOs in 2017 prove that point. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="23">Serbia</option>
<option value="8659" data-code="SK" data-score="34" data-color="F9EC4E" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>2015 was certainly a year of mixed emotions for LGBTI activists.</p>
<p>Despite interventions&nbsp;from the Vatican, a referendum to limit LGBTI equality failed to attract an adequate&nbsp;number of voters to the ballot boxes in February.</p>
<p>The negative atmosphere generated&nbsp;by the tense campaign led to the postponement of Bratislava Pride.</p>
<p>T<span style="line-height: 1.6;">he Council of&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">Europe’s leading human rights expert expressed concern over the treatment of LGBTI&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">people while the government introduced the country’s inaugural human rights&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">strategy. </span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">EU-commissioned opinion polls showed a lack of public support for LGBTI&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">equality, yet another national survey demonstrated a majority of the population&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">favoured registered partnerships for the first time ever.</span></p>
<p>Slovakia’s laws on LGBTI equality were not significantly altered since the last Annual Review was published, although there were some promising discussions initiated during 2017.</p>
In December, LGBTI activists discussed LGBTI equality issues with President Kiska, a meeting which concluded with a call from the head of state to introduce legal protection for same-sex couples. </p>
<p>The months preceding the presidential meeting were less positive. There was no change to the laws around protection of intersex people’s rights or on legal gender recognition, despite recommendations to policymakers included in the Annual Review published last year.</p>
<p>In the wake of the EU’s Victims’ Rights Directive, it was hoped that there would be greater protection for individuals against violence. The Slovak Victims’ Act, introduced to implement the EU’s measures, does refer to sexual orientation. However, its omission of gender as a ground means that victims of violence due to their gender identity or gender expression are excluded. This is even more concerning in light of the fact that the justice ministry also delayed ratification of the CoE’s Istanbul Convention during 2017.</p>
<p>An Evangelical theologian who criticised the Church’s exclusion of LGBTI people during a speech at Pride in Bratislava was banned from teaching his classes at Comenius University. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="26">Slovakia</option>
<option value="8660" data-code="SI" data-score="46" data-color="FFE701" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8685-2.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8692-2.50-f,8695-2.43-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>Slovenia’s LGBTI movement was certainly kept busy in 2017, initiating conversations with national authorities on a range of important topics.</p>
<p>Originally passed in 2016, the civil partnership legislation came into effect at the end of February, with same-sex couples making use of the law to register their unions immediately. However, access to IVF services and the adoption process is still not available to same-sex couples; extending access to adoption was one of the recommendations contained in last year’s Annual Review but no momentum on this was reported in 2017.</p>
<p>Sexual health was an issue that received a lot of attention from policymakers and activists alike. A national strategy on HIV launched, alongside several high-level consultations on sexual health between civil society, healthcare groups and government officials. LGBTI activists also warned that discrimination against community members living with HIV could be an unintended consequence of changes to insurance card regulations.</p>
<p>Another recommendation put forward by activists and ILGA-Europe in the previous Annual Review was the introduction of a fair, transparent legal framework for legal gender recognition. Unfortunately, this was not achieved in 2017 and there was confusion around the documentation required to change gender markers.</p>
<p>On a more positive note, the <em>What Do You Notice</em> campaign launched in 2017 is the largest LGBTI awareness-raising campaign ever run in Slovenia to date, with a government ministry as a project partner for the first time. Also, trans activists produced a set of specific media guidelines to assist journalists when reporting on trans issues, the first of its kind.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="20">Slovenia</option>
<option value="8661" data-code="ES" data-score="62" data-color="4BAE49" data-eu="1"
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data-popup="<p>Hate speech, in several instances from prominent church officials, directed at LGBTI people was a negative trend in 2016. Incidents were recorded by NGOs or became the subject of complaints by pro-equality MPs. The language used referred to anti-discrimination laws as a negative development, spoke of a trend of so-called ‘gender ideology’ or questioned the morality of LGBTI people. In one specific case, the director of a Catholic school was fined after comparing hate crime laws with terrorism.</p>
<p>Even within the police, bias-motivated harassment was raised as an issue in December by a lesbian member of the force. LGBTI NGOs continued to assist individuals who reported violent incidents; a Madrid-based NGO had recorded more than 200 LGBT hate crimes over the course of the year.</p>
<p>In a more positive development, several regions bolstered their family law provisions by opening access to assisted reproduction techniques to all women.</p>
<p>2017 proved to be a busy year for LGBTI activists, as multiple legislative proposals were drafted and debated during the course of the year.</p>
<p>Arguably the most comprehensive of the potential laws is a wide-ranging anti-discrimination bill crafted with the support of Spanish LGBTI NGOs. Not only would it introduce additional equality measures, it also contains references to hate crime and prohibiting unnecessary surgeries on intersex children. It also reflects the desire expressed by LGBTI activists in last year’s Annual Review for policymakers to focus on protection from discrimination in order to improve the legal and policy situation for LGBTI people. </p>
<p>Explicit protection for trans and intersex people living in Spain was also the focus of another proposed piece of legislation. Drafted by trans groups, the bill is based on the principle of self-determination and would also outlaw surgeries in addition to recognising the rights of non-binary individuals. While those laws were still in draft form at the end of the year, Valencia did vote in favour of a new regional trans law, meaning that the conversion therapies are now banned and trans identities are no longer considered to be a mental illness. </p>
<p>Public opinion surveys revealed that Spanish public have supportive attitudes towards LGBTI rights and Barcelona’s mayor came out as bisexual on national TV. However, LGBTI NGOs received reports of several bias-motivated attacks throughout the year, including incidents during Madrid’s hosting of the World Pride celebrations. Participants in Murcia Pride also had to contend with disruption by far-right groups. </p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="10">Spain</option>
<option value="8662" data-code="SE" data-score="68" data-color="159C4A" data-eu="1"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8669-1.10-f,8670-1.10-f,8672-0.78-f,8673-0.88-f,8675-1.10-f,8676-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8679-0.88-f,8680-1.83-f,8683-3.75-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8689-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8691-2.00-f,8692-2.50-f,8694-2.43-f,8695-2.43-f,8696-2.28-f,8697-2.43-f,8698-2.43-f,8699-2.28-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8715-1.50-f,8717-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8770-1.50-f,9796-0.15-f,9976-0.88-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f"
data-popup="<p>The experience of trans people living in Sweden was very high on the agenda during 2017. Not only were several initiatives proposed by the government to improve legal protection, the day-to-day experience of the trans community was also the subject of a major report.</p>
<p>While the country’s gender identity laws have existed for several decades, the gender recognition process in modern-day Sweden is not with its barriers. Under the existing legislation, people must undergo medical interventions in order to have their gender legally recognised. In last year’s Annual Review advocacy recommendations, national policymakers were encouraged to update the legal framework for legal gender recognition.</p>
<p>During the course of the year, the government did announce that it was working on draft laws to replace the current 1972 Act (under which, people must undergo medical interventions in order to have their gender legally recognised). The proposals are expected to be presented to parliament in 2018. In an effort to move away from previous abusive provisions, a government compensation scheme was announced for trans people who had been sterilised before 2013; the compensation law is due to be adopted by parliament in 2018.</p>
<p>Many other suggestions for change were contained in a 900-page government-commissioned report, one of the world's most comprehensive publications on the experiences of trans people. It also reflects the perspective of intersex people and contains lots of specific recommendations directed at public authorities, proposals that could significantly improve Sweden’s Rainbow Europe ranking overall.</p>
<p>Another area where the country’s ranking on law and policy could be improved is in the area of asylum. NGO RFSL had previously reported a significant increase in negative decisions for LGBTI asylum seekers and during 2017, the Swedish Migration Agency published their own evaluation of the handling of LGBTIQ asylum cases. The evaluators concluded that one third of the decisions were of very low quality.</p>
<p>Towards the close of 2017, the Swedish government released a new national strategy on the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections on World AIDS Day; trans people were included as a key population for the first time.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="6">Sweden</option>
<option value="8663" data-code="CH" data-score="47" data-color="FFE701" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8668-0.16-f,8670-1.10-f,8674-0.16-f,8675-1.10-f,8677-1.10-f,8678-0.78-f,8683-3.75-f,8684-3.00-f,8686-1.00-f,8687-3.00-f,8688-1.75-f,8690-2.00-f,8695-2.43-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8705-1.80-f,8706-1.2-f,8707-1.20-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8712-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,8716-1.50-f,8718-1.50-f,8749-0.75-f,8761-1.10-f,8763-1.10-f,8765-1.10-f,8768-1.00-f,9796-0.15-f,9978-2.00-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f,10236-0.30-f"
data-popup="<p>There were multiple discussions on issues relevant to the lives of LGBTI people happening at local and federal levels during 2017. LGBTI activists reported progress in some legal areas, while decisions on other policy areas were postponed for several years.</p>
<p>Positive developments recorded in 2017 included the Swiss government’s ratification of the Istanbul Convention and the introduction of the option of stepchild adoption for civil partners as well as cohabitants (same- and different-sex couples). Intersex NGO InterAction was officially founded and began its work.</p>
<p>Thanks to several innovative studies, Swiss LGBT NGOs now have data for the first time on the intolerance faced by LGB students in schools and also on the experiences of older LGBT people.</p>
<p>Other legislative initiatives suffered delays or outright setbacks in the past year. While the Geneva canton passed a regulation on non-discrimination on SOGI grounds, a proposal that would institute change at federal level was slowed down. . The deadline to review an initiative, which calls for the addition of SOGI to the Penal Code’s protected grounds (alongside racism) was extended until 2019. The same timeframe was also imposed on discussions around equal marriage, as the government assess its possible impact across other areas of law.</p>
<p>One of the recommendations for policymakers contained in last year’s Annual Review – the introduction of a comprehensive national LGBTI action plan – was unfortunately rejected by the Federal Council.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="19">Switzerland</option>
<option value="8664" data-code="TR" data-score="4" data-color="B72824" data-eu="0" data-categories="8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>2017 was another testing year for the LGBTI community in Turkey. In the months since our last Annual Review was published, the community has witnessed limitations of freedom of assembly and expression, as well as the repeated detention of the very human rights defenders who speak out against this repression.</p>
<p>Pride events in Istanbul – previously a loud and colourful display of solidarity - were banned by officials for the third time in three years, citing security concerns. Rubber bullets were then used by police to violently disperse LGBTI people and allies who attempted to march together.</p>
<p>Another ban which attracted international condemnation was the one imposed on public LGBTI activities by the governor of Ankara. It was immediately challenged in court by LGBTI NGOs, as they could see the long-term impact of such a measure. (In early 2018, the first and the second instance courts rejected their applications for stay of execution of the ban.)The ban not only affects the LGBTI community members who wanted to take part in events in the capital, but it also had a chilling effect on organisers in other cities. In addition, the ban served to legitimise discrimination against LGBTI people generally. This only underlines the importance of legal protection for the community, something that is completely lacking in Turkey and a point that ILGA-Europe stressed in our Annual Review recommendations last year.</p>
<p>It is also a mark of the resilience and determination of the LGBTI movement in Turkey that, in spite of the oppressive atmosphere, they continue to push for change. And there were moments of optimism provided by successful court cases during 2017. In a major legal victory, the requirement for people to be sterilised before accessing the legal gender change process was struck down by the Constitutional Court.</p>
<p>That same court also established another precedent towards the end of the year, when it ruled that sex workers cannot be fined for waiting for clients in the street. However, the LGBTI community was shocked to learn that the individuals convicted of sexually assaulting LGBTI activist Kemal Ordek had their convictions overturned.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="48">Turkey</option>
<option value="8666" data-code="GB" data-score="53" data-color="A6C937" data-eu="0"
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data-popup="<p>One of the most notable trends during 2017 was the increased visibility and public discussion of trans and intersex issues in the UK.</p>
<p>Following frequent calls from LGBTI activists, public consultations were announced across the UK to review the Gender Recognition Act. Updates to the law, dating from 2004, were one of the key recommendations for national policymakers contained in last year’s Annual Review and the consultations will be followed closely.</p>
<p>Trans model and activist Munroe Bergdorf made headlines in 2017 – first as one of the stars of a proposed diversity campaign by make-up brand L’Oreal, and secondly as an outspoken critic of white supremacy. She was sacked by the company after her social media posts in the wake of the Charlottesville rallies, a move which triggered a national conversation on structural racism.</p>
<p>On a more negative note, LGBTI NGOs noted that the announcement of the national consultations on the legal gender recognition process were accompanied by a rise in transphobic commentary across traditional media platforms and online.&nbsp; The effect that bias-motivated speech can have at a personal level was demonstrated by the trans woman from the UK who was forced to seek residency in New Zealand after facing years of discrimination.</p>
<p>One of the main policy areas in which the UK still has work to do is around the protection of intersex people’s bodily integrity. Outlawing unnecessary surgeries on intersex infants would be a positive first step for the UK – a move that was recommended in last years’ Annual Review and also highlighted by UN treaty bodies.</p>
<p>Also during 2017, blood donation regulations were relaxed in Scotland, England and Wales, the first safe houses were opened for LGBTI people applying for UK citizenship and historic convictions for consensual sexual relations were met with pardons and public apologies.</p>
<p>The regional variations in legal protection for LGBTI people are still blatantly apparent when you examine the Rainbow Europe Map. The Democratic Unionist Party’s support for the minority Conservative UK government brought the situation for LGBTI living in Northern Ireland back into the spotlight. Thousands took the streets of Belfast in support of equal marriage; however there was disappointment for two couples as their cases challenging NI’s lack of marriage equality were unsuccessful.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="14">United Kingdom</option>
<option value="8665" data-code="UA" data-score="19" data-color="F59E80" data-eu="0"
data-categories="8669-1.10-f,8675-1.10-f,8691-2.00-f,8702-1.50-f,8703-1.00-f,8704-1.00-f,8708-1.75-f,8709-1.10-f,8711-1.50-f,8713-1.50-f,9977-0.91-f,9980-1.50-f,9981-1.50-f,9982-1.50-f" data-popup="<p>The determination of the LGBTI movement in Ukraine to gather, organise and advocate for change was clear to see in 2017.</p>
<p>Despite the fact that there was no significant legislative change finalised in 2017, there were some encouraging signs. Following the repeal of the infamous order 60 health protocol, human rights organisations were at the table as part of a working group convened to suggest how to improve legal protection for trans people. The working group’s recommendations had not been approved by the Ministry by the end of the year, but they did contain specific directions to improve legal gender recognition, reduce waiting times and remove the oppressive need for irreversible interventions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>In addition to legal gender recognition, another area of law that currently has little or no provision for LGBTI people is in the area of hate crime and hate speech. LGBTI NGOs recorded multiple instances of both in 2017. Also, LGBTI community members attending public events all over the country found the gathering disrupted or under attack. In many instances, the violence was instigated by right wing opposition groups; and in some cases the police protecting LGBTI activists were also attacked.&nbsp;</p>
<p>These developments only underline the urgency and accuracy of the recommendations to policymakers included in last year’s Annual Review. LGBTI activists and ILGA-Europe had urged the Ukrainian authorities to tackle hate crime and protect the right to assemble.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>The threat of vital legal protections being eroded or rolled back emerged – albeit briefly – in 2017. A parliamentary committee’s suggestion that the SOGI anti-discrimination protections added to the Labour 2015 Code might be revised was immediately criticised by the president’s press secretary – but it did provide the movement with a reminder to always be vigilant and ready to act.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-inverse" href="https://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2022/full_annual_review.pdf" target="_blank">Annual Review 2022</a></p>" data-popup-display="1" data-place="39">Ukraine</option>
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<tspan>Europe breakdown</tspan>
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<tspan>achieved in each category</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(188,140)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:24px;color:white;fill:white;" y="26">100%</text></g>
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">40%</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">38%</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">31%</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">35%</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">85%</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">30%</tspan>
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<tspan>EU breakdown</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(188,140)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:24px;color:white;fill:white;" y="26">100%</text></g>
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<g class="highcharts-data-labels highcharts-tracker" visibility="visible" zindex="6" transform="translate(10,56) scale(1 1)" opacity="1" style="">
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<tspan style="font-weight:bold">47%</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(313,160)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:11px;color:#606060;fill:#606060;" y="15">
<tspan style="font-weight:bold">50%</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(246,243)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:11px;color:#606060;fill:#606060;" y="15">
<tspan style="font-weight:bold">37%</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(128,216)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:11px;color:#606060;fill:#606060;" y="15">
<tspan style="font-weight:bold">44%</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(126,76)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:11px;color:#606060;fill:#606060;" y="15">
<tspan style="font-weight:bold">92%</tspan>
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<g zindex="1" style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(160,49)"><text x="3" zindex="1" style="font-size:11px;color:#606060;fill:#606060;" y="15">
<tspan style="font-weight:bold">37%</tspan>
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<div id="country-breakdown-chart" class="span4"></div>
<div id="country-place-chart" class="span4">
<div class="title">Place</div>
<div class="subtitle">Among 49<br>European countries</div>
<div class="chart">
<div class="country">
<div class="name-flag"></div>
<div class="place"></div>
</div>
<div class="bottom-text"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span12" id="country-name-explanation"></div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div id="map-bottom-container">
<div class="span6" id="map-bottom-left">
<div class="criteria-title">Breakdown by criteria</div>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-non-discrimination top" id="8667" data-depth="1">Equality & non-discrimination <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected constitution-sexual-orientation" id="8668" data-depth="2">Constitution (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected employment-sexual-orientation" id="8669" data-depth="2">Employment (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected goods-services-sexual-orientation" id="8670" data-depth="2">Goods & services (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected education-sexual-orientation" id="8761" data-depth="2">Education (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected health-sexual-orientation" id="8763" data-depth="2">Health (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected conversion-therapy-ban-sexual-orientation" id="9795" data-depth="2">Conversion therapy ban (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-body-mandate-sexual-orientation" id="8672" data-depth="2">Equality body mandate (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-action-plan-sexual-orientation" id="8673" data-depth="2">Equality action plan (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected constitution-gender-identity" id="8674" data-depth="2">Constitution (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected employment-gender-identity" id="8675" data-depth="2">Employment (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected goods-services-gender-identity" id="8676" data-depth="2">Goods & services (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected education-gender-identity" id="8677" data-depth="2">Education (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected health-gender-identity" id="8765" data-depth="2">Health (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected conversion-therapy-ban-gender-identity" id="9797" data-depth="2">Conversion therapy ban (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-body-mandate-gender-identity" id="8678" data-depth="2">Equality body mandate (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-action-plan-gender-identity" id="8679" data-depth="2">Equality action plan (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected law-gender-expression" id="8680" data-depth="2">Law (gender expression) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected constitution-sex-characteristics" id="8681" data-depth="2">Constitution (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected employment-sex-characteristics" id="9798" data-depth="2">Employment (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected goods-services-sex-characteristics" id="9972" data-depth="2">Goods & services (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected education-sex-characteristics" id="9973" data-depth="2">Education (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected health-sex-characteristics" id="9974" data-depth="2">Health (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-body-mandate-sex-characteristics" id="9975" data-depth="2">Equality body mandate (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected equality-action-plan-sex-characteristics" id="9976" data-depth="2">Equality action plan (sex characteristics) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected blood-donations" id="9977" data-depth="2">Blood donations <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected family top" id="8682" data-depth="1">Family <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected marriage-equality" id="8683" data-depth="2">Marriage equality <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected registered-partnership-similar-rights-to-marriage" id="8684" data-depth="2">Registered partnership (similar rights to marriage) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected registered-partnership-limited-rights" id="8685" data-depth="2">Registered partnership (limited rights) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected cohabitation" id="8686" data-depth="2">Cohabitation <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-constitutional-limitation-on-marriage" id="8749" data-depth="2">No constitutional limitation on marriage <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected joint-adoption" id="8687" data-depth="2">Joint adoption <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected second-parent-adoption" id="8688" data-depth="2">Second-parent adoption <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected automatic-co-parent-recognition" id="8689" data-depth="2">Automatic co-parent recognition <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected medically-assisted-insemination-couples" id="8690" data-depth="2">Medically assisted insemination (couples) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected medically-assisted-insemination-singles" id="8691" data-depth="2">Medically assisted insemination (singles) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected recognition-of-trans-parenthood" id="8692" data-depth="2">Recognition of trans parenthood <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected hate-crime-hate-speech top" id="8693" data-depth="1">Hate crime & hate speech <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected hate-crime-law-sexual-orientation" id="8694" data-depth="2">Hate crime law (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected hate-speech-law-sexual-orientation" id="8695" data-depth="2">Hate speech law (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected policy-tackling-hatred-sexual-orientation" id="8696" data-depth="2">Policy tackling hatred (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected hate-crime-law-gender-identity" id="8697" data-depth="2">Hate crime law (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected hate-speech-law-gender-identity" id="8698" data-depth="2">Hate speech law (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected policy-tackling-hatred-gender-identity" id="8699" data-depth="2">Policy tackling hatred (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected hate-crime-law-intersex" id="8700" data-depth="2">Hate crime law (intersex) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected policy-tackling-hatred-intersex" id="9799" data-depth="2">Policy tackling hatred (intersex) <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected legal-gender-recognition top" id="8701" data-depth="1">Legal gender recognition <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected existence-of-legal-measures" id="8702" data-depth="2">Existence of legal measures <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected existence-of-administrative-procedures" id="8704" data-depth="2">Existence of administrative procedures <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected name-change" id="8703" data-depth="2">Name change <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-age-restriction-name-change" id="9796" data-depth="3">No age restriction, Name change <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected self-determination" id="9978" data-depth="2">Self-determination <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected non-binary-recognition" id="10235" data-depth="2">Non-binary recognition <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-gender-identity-disorder-diagnosispsychological-opinion-required" id="8705" data-depth="2">No Gender Identity Disorder diagnosis/psychological opinion required <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-compulsory-medical-intervention-required" id="8706" data-depth="2">No compulsory medical intervention required <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-compulsory-surgical-intervention-required" id="8707" data-depth="2">No compulsory surgical intervention required <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-compulsory-sterilisation-required" id="8708" data-depth="2">No compulsory sterilisation required <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-compulsory-divorce-required" id="8709" data-depth="2">No compulsory divorce required <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-age-restriction" id="8768" data-depth="2">No age restriction <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected legal-gender-recognition-procedures-exist-for-minors" id="10236" data-depth="2">Legal gender recognition procedures exist for minors <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected depathologisation" id="9979" data-depth="2">Depathologisation <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected intersex-bodily-integrity top" id="10319" data-depth="1">Intersex bodily integrity <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected prohibition-of-medical-intervention-before-child-is-able-to-informed-consent-intersex" id="8750" data-depth="2">Prohibition of medical intervention before child is able to informed consent
(intersex) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected universality-of-prohibition-of-medical-interventions" id="10320" data-depth="2">Universality of prohibition of medical interventions <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected existence-of-effective-monitoring-mechanism" id="10321" data-depth="2">Existence of effective monitoring mechanism <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected access-to-justice-for-victims-and-reparations" id="10322" data-depth="2">Access to justice for victims and reparations <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected civil-society-space top" id="8710" data-depth="1">Civil society space <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected public-event-held-no-state-obstruction-of-freedom-of-assembly-3-years" id="8711" data-depth="2">Public event held, no state obstruction of freedom of assembly (3 years) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected public-event-held-there-is-enough-protection-last-3-years" id="8712" data-depth="2">Public event held, there is enough protection (last 3 years) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected associations-operate-no-state-obstruction-of-freedom-association-last-3-years" id="9980" data-depth="2">Associations operate, no state obstruction of freedom association (last 3 years)
<span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected lgbti-human-rights-defenders-are-not-at-risk" id="9981" data-depth="2">LGBTI human rights defenders are not at risk <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-laws-limiting-external-funding" id="9982" data-depth="2">No laws limiting external funding <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected no-laws-limiting-freedom-of-expression-nationallocal" id="8713" data-depth="2">No laws limiting freedom of expression (national/local) <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected asylum top" id="8714" data-depth="1">Asylum <span></span>
<ul class="taxonomy-tree">
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected law-sexual-orientation" id="8715" data-depth="2">Law (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected policyother-positive-measures-sexual-orientation" id="8716" data-depth="2">Policy/other positive measures (sexual orientation) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected law-gender-identity" id="8717" data-depth="2">Law (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected policyother-positive-measures-gender-identity" id="8718" data-depth="2">Policy/other positive measures (gender identity) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected law-intersex" id="8770" data-depth="2">Law (intersex) <span></span></li>
<li class="taxonomy-term category-selected policyother-positive-measures-intersex" id="9800" data-depth="2">Policy/other positive measures (intersex) <span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<p><strong>Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People 2022</strong></p>
<p>Read here our Annual Review for more details and stories behind the Rainbow Map&Index.</p>
<p>We examined the advances made and provided concrete examples of on-the-ground situations at national level country-by-country in the 12 months from January to December 2021.</p>
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Rainbow Europe is being updated. 2018 edition launches on 14 May!
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All CategoriesEquality & non-discriminationFamilyHate crime & hate speechLegal
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All Countries
Click on a country to see full details, or browse by 6 categories and their 46
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Created with Highcharts 4.0.3DownloadPrintEurope overall scoreAchieved
LGBTIhuman rights38%
Created with Highcharts 4.0.3DownloadPrintEU overall scoreAchieved LGBTIhuman
rights48%
Created with Highcharts 4.0.3DownloadPrintEurope breakdownachieved in each
category100%40%38%31%35%85%30%
Created with Highcharts 4.0.3DownloadPrintEU breakdownachieved in each
category100%47%50%37%44%92%37%
Place
Among 49
European countries
Breakdown by criteria
* Equality & non-discrimination
* Constitution (sexual orientation)
* Employment (sexual orientation)
* Goods & services (sexual orientation)
* Education (sexual orientation)
* Health (sexual orientation)
* Conversion therapy ban (sexual orientation)
* Equality body mandate (sexual orientation)
* Equality action plan (sexual orientation)
* Constitution (gender identity)
* Employment (gender identity)
* Goods & services (gender identity)
* Education (gender identity)
* Health (gender identity)
* Conversion therapy ban (gender identity)
* Equality body mandate (gender identity)
* Equality action plan (gender identity)
* Law (gender expression)
* Constitution (sex characteristics)
* Employment (sex characteristics)
* Goods & services (sex characteristics)
* Education (sex characteristics)
* Health (sex characteristics)
* Equality body mandate (sex characteristics)
* Equality action plan (sex characteristics)
* Blood donations
* Family
* Marriage equality
* Registered partnership (similar rights to marriage)
* Registered partnership (limited rights)
* Cohabitation
* No constitutional limitation on marriage
* Joint adoption
* Second-parent adoption
* Automatic co-parent recognition
* Medically assisted insemination (couples)
* Medically assisted insemination (singles)
* Recognition of trans parenthood
* Hate crime & hate speech
* Hate crime law (sexual orientation)
* Hate speech law (sexual orientation)
* Policy tackling hatred (sexual orientation)
* Hate crime law (gender identity)
* Hate speech law (gender identity)
* Policy tackling hatred (gender identity)
* Hate crime law (intersex)
* Policy tackling hatred (intersex)
* Legal gender recognition
* Existence of legal measures
* Existence of administrative procedures
* Name change
* No age restriction, Name change
* Self-determination
* Non-binary recognition
* No Gender Identity Disorder diagnosis/psychological opinion required
* No compulsory medical intervention required
* No compulsory surgical intervention required
* No compulsory sterilisation required
* No compulsory divorce required
* No age restriction
* Legal gender recognition procedures exist for minors
* Depathologisation
* Intersex bodily integrity
* Prohibition of medical intervention before child is able to informed
consent (intersex)
* Universality of prohibition of medical interventions
* Existence of effective monitoring mechanism
* Access to justice for victims and reparations
* Civil society space
* Public event held, no state obstruction of freedom of assembly (3 years)
* Public event held, there is enough protection (last 3 years)
* Associations operate, no state obstruction of freedom association (last 3
years)
* LGBTI human rights defenders are not at risk
* No laws limiting external funding
* No laws limiting freedom of expression (national/local)
* Asylum
* Law (sexual orientation)
* Policy/other positive measures (sexual orientation)
* Law (gender identity)
* Policy/other positive measures (gender identity)
* Law (intersex)
* Policy/other positive measures (intersex)
Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans,
and Intersex People 2022
Read here our Annual Review for more details and stories behind the Rainbow
Map&Index.
We examined the advances made and provided concrete examples of on-the-ground
situations at national level country-by-country in the 12 months from January to
December 2021.
Annual Review
1
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