klarna.digreklamation.se

Summary

This website contacted 3 IPs in 2 countries across 3 domains to perform 7 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 104.21.66.212, located in and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is klarna.digreklamation.se.
TLS certificate: Issued by WE1 on October 18th 2024. Valid for: 3 months.

This is the only time klarna.digreklamation.se was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
4	104.21.66.212 104.21.66.212	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
2	54.224.34.30 54.224.34.30	14618 (AMAZON-AES) (AMAZON-AES)
1	104.26.9.44 104.26.9.44	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
7	3

4 104.21.66.212 (None, )

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

klarna.digreklamation.se	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 54.224.34.30 (Ashburn, United States)

ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES, US)
PTR: ec2-54-224-34-30.compute-1.amazonaws.com

api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 104.26.9.44 (None, )

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

ipapi.co	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
4	digreklamation.se klarna.digreklamation.se	112 KB
2	herokuapp.com api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com	1 KB
1	ipapi.co ipapi.co — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 16407	929 B
7	3

	Domain	Requested by
4	klarna.digreklamation.se	klarna.digreklamation.se
2	api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com	klarna.digreklamation.se
1	ipapi.co	klarna.digreklamation.se
7	3

This site contains no links.

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
klarna.digreklamation.se WE1	`2024-10-18` - `2025-01-16`	3 months	crt.sh
*.herokuapp.com Amazon RSA 2048 M03	`2024-03-02` - `2025-03-30`	a year	crt.sh
ipapi.co WE1	`2024-09-02` - `2024-12-01`	3 months	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/
Frame ID: 684A288ED3EF56BC638CA81424584984
Requests: 6 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Klarna

Page URL History Show full URLs

http://klarna.digreklamation.se/ HTTP 307
https://klarna.digreklamation.se/ Page URL

Page Statistics

7
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

3
Domains

3
Subdomains

3
IPs

2
Countries

115 kB
Transfer

322 kB
Size

1
Cookies

0 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

http://klarna.digreklamation.se/ HTTP 307
https://klarna.digreklamation.se/ Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2

200

Primary Request / Show response
klarna.digreklamation.se/
Redirect Chain

http://klarna.digreklamation.se/
https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

391 B
891 B

185ms
84ms

Document
text/html

104.21.66.212
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.21.66.212 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

1fba3bac58d86f82cb2314113df5f3aaeebd3e7ae40473aa4c0c846c088f5f76

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

age: 11
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cache-control: public, max-age=0, s-maxage=300
cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC
cf-ray: 8da2fcf12e829722-AMS
content-encoding: br
content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:26 GMT
last-modified: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 12:48:45 UTC
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=%2FZDqyBd9PVhbdEaCpfiMgP9A6CZ212GLKn2yk%2FA8l5o4sosz%2Bc7d7IZRWjdOOl09uBjOWl7c%2F5ku8rVsA6Btf1rH8TWUFQW6MpZginlvRqBBoOGQsOVnbr%2BW1WajgEbSDUrkrfPY9sWTrUo%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server: cloudflare
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=12848&sent=8&recv=13&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=4010&recv_bytes=2396&delivery_rate=319056&cwnd=254&unsent_bytes=0&cid=e71d5102812bbf6c&ts=100&x=0"
vary: Accept-Encoding, Accept-Encoding
x-content-type-options: nosniff

Redirect headers

Location: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/
Non-Authoritative-Reason: HttpsUpgrades

GET
H2 200 index-DlcTLit4.js Show response
klarna.digreklamation.se/assets/ 313 KB
108 KB 48ms
46ms Script
application/javascript 104.21.66.212
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://klarna.digreklamation.se/assets/index-DlcTLit4.js

Requested by

Host: klarna.digreklamation.se
URL: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.21.66.212 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

aae1c1ef783ccbed767023ffe6c791d58ecf23a1b757b51258e7133f7d3bfc4c

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Origin: https://klarna.digreklamation.se
Referer: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Response headers

content-encoding: gzip
cf-cache-status: HIT
etag: W/"37b0e7889601e995373510bdce529bcf"
age: 11
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=aOKOG4J%2FjkVugql%2BaQ9%2Fscohlrf4bV%2FYsMYDi4P67ioDj%2FWsCAX5ui5RQpmOf9GaPMnp%2FmGrcuBYG2DxGqgWhZaXaWUvVOZtWaXyeyUcqTDT%2FFtP52H46L8ZUp2UcRvW%2BrBnG5P8VQMW2%2Bg%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=12830&sent=16&recv=19&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=7756&recv_bytes=2646&delivery_rate=325312&cwnd=257&unsent_bytes=0&cid=e71d5102812bbf6c&ts=159&x=0"
date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:26 GMT
content-type: application/javascript
last-modified: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 12:48:45 UTC
vary: Accept-Encoding, Accept-Encoding
cache-control: public, max-age=14400, s-maxage=300
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cf-ray: 8da2fcf1cf459722-AMS
server: cloudflare

GET
H2 200 index-BDXFsv8M.css
klarna.digreklamation.se/assets/ 7 KB
3 KB 29ms
29ms Stylesheet
text/css 104.21.66.212
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://klarna.digreklamation.se/assets/index-BDXFsv8M.css

Requested by

Host: klarna.digreklamation.se
URL: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.21.66.212 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

65adc0406c72582c6621aeaa6805e40240a4137da8f30fc66cc5dba4b8602deb

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Origin: https://klarna.digreklamation.se
Referer: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Response headers

content-encoding: gzip
cf-cache-status: HIT
etag: W/"4e7cf4fd6c2981447f2dbef26f8b8ed9"
age: 11
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=W%2FVY2kcRONC46E6j1czQnRpaD4gTsFnReAQ8gGEwoEeu%2BC2Xi7oVrHvKtjUsXj8OHo0Otzpl2ioYO%2BH5udbZBVCmqnEYTabsTaoXDt2CXv6cfS32JduaXNgpVhw%2FSyMdjJ2P%2FFpUaDkcLHw%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=12835&sent=12&recv=18&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=4967&recv_bytes=2646&delivery_rate=322890&cwnd=257&unsent_bytes=0&cid=e71d5102812bbf6c&ts=141&x=0"
date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:26 GMT
content-type: text/css; charset=utf-8
last-modified: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 12:48:45 UTC
vary: Accept-Encoding, Accept-Encoding
cache-control: public, max-age=14400, s-maxage=300
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cf-ray: 8da2fcf1cf449722-AMS
server: cloudflare

OPTIONS
H/1.1 204
No Content send-telegram-message
api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com/ 0
0 382ms
95ms Preflight 54.224.34.30
AMAZON-AES

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com/send-telegram-message
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Security: TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server: 54.224.34.30 Ashburn, United States, ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES, US),
Reverse DNS: ec2-54-224-34-30.compute-1.amazonaws.com
Software: Cowboy / Express
Resource Hash

Request headers

Accept: */*
Access-Control-Request-Headers: content-type
Access-Control-Request-Method: POST
Origin: https://klarna.digreklamation.se
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: content-type
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,POST,DELETE
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://klarna.digreklamation.se
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:27 GMT
Nel: {"report_to":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"success_fraction":0.005,"failure_fraction":0.05,"response_headers":["Via"]}
Report-To: {"group":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1730203047&sid=e11707d5-02a7-43ef-b45e-2cf4d2036f7d&s=nRW%2BYbMqcWuf3ZC%2FEKtPE97M415Lyep1JhwLteePUZg%3D"}]}
Reporting-Endpoints: heroku-nel=https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1730203047&sid=e11707d5-02a7-43ef-b45e-2cf4d2036f7d&s=nRW%2BYbMqcWuf3ZC%2FEKtPE97M415Lyep1JhwLteePUZg%3D
Server: Cowboy
Vary: Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers
Via: 1.1 vegur
X-Powered-By: Express

POST
H/1.1 200
OK send-telegram-message Show response
api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com/ 30 B
1 KB 303ms
302ms Fetch
text/html 54.224.34.30
AMAZON-AES

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com/send-telegram-message

Requested by

Host: klarna.digreklamation.se
URL: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/assets/index-DlcTLit4.js

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

54.224.34.30 Ashburn, United States, ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES, US),

Reverse DNS

ec2-54-224-34-30.compute-1.amazonaws.com

Software

Cowboy /

Resource Hash

3e077b541bce2ee30ae56217decf6f96083f87169a4364d1a650e44b3f0048b9

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	default-src 'self';base-uri 'self';font-src 'self' https: data:;form-action 'self';frame-ancestors 'self';img-src 'self' data:;object-src 'none';script-src 'self';script-src-attr 'none';style-src 'self' https: 'unsafe-inline';upgrade-insecure-requests
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json
Referer: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Response headers

Etag: W/"1e-dGccTuk/uFDCPHMk3+PKZoOEubE"
X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies: none
Report-To: {"group":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1730203047&sid=e11707d5-02a7-43ef-b45e-2cf4d2036f7d&s=nRW%2BYbMqcWuf3ZC%2FEKtPE97M415Lyep1JhwLteePUZg%3D"}]}
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:27 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Origin
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains
Reporting-Endpoints: heroku-nel=https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1730203047&sid=e11707d5-02a7-43ef-b45e-2cf4d2036f7d&s=nRW%2BYbMqcWuf3ZC%2FEKtPE97M415Lyep1JhwLteePUZg%3D
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self';base-uri 'self';font-src 'self' https: data:;form-action 'self';frame-ancestors 'self';img-src 'self' data:;object-src 'none';script-src 'self';script-src-attr 'none';style-src 'self' https: 'unsafe-inline';upgrade-insecure-requests
Nel: {"report_to":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"success_fraction":0.005,"failure_fraction":0.05,"response_headers":["Via"]}
X-Dns-Prefetch-Control: off
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
Connection: keep-alive
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
X-Download-Options: noopen
Via: 1.1 vegur
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://klarna.digreklamation.se
Content-Length: 30
X-Xss-Protection: 0
Origin-Agent-Cluster: ?1
Server: Cowboy

GET
H2 200 / Show response
ipapi.co/json/ 772 B
929 B 434ms
413ms Fetch
application/json 104.26.9.44
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://ipapi.co/json/

Requested by

Host: klarna.digreklamation.se
URL: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/assets/index-DlcTLit4.js

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_ECDSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

104.26.9.44 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

04456663161edd88899d844c22fd17a542e143b54d860e6dc283d4d37198b7d2

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	DENY

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Response headers

nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cross-origin-opener-policy: same-origin
cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC
content-encoding: br
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=z%2Bs6h07%2Fi5%2FDI%2Boiqx3m3rOSOwqNBo2mLrhhhd4fIpYEv5t%2BHpL0q5Woa5RaoOn8e3sRy75fh1vnOEd%2FnLtQ%2BDvjeR%2FT43hCi0Iu%2FPXmn8n550UAfOLZL0MT"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
allow: POST, HEAD, OPTIONS, OPTIONS, GET
cf-ray: 8da2fcf30bcf4d52-FRA
referrer-policy: same-origin
access-control-allow-origin: https://klarna.digreklamation.se
date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:27 GMT
content-type: application/json
vary: Host, origin
server: cloudflare
x-frame-options: DENY

GET
H3 404 favicon.ico
klarna.digreklamation.se/ 10 B
705 B 265ms
265ms Other
text/plain 104.21.66.212
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://klarna.digreklamation.se/favicon.ico

Protocol

H3

Security

QUIC, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.21.66.212 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

7515bf959b73b956ceb967351c7e299cbb3668a53d35f9c770eb72e00d93ced6

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/

Response headers

cache-control: max-age=14400
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-encoding: gzip
cf-cache-status: MISS
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=EX8Ea4akrSNE1Z%2B9GKs3yNz5Zg52m77c4RZ60uP36c9icDtIPxgTydlAkxc1WaYcdtBbtwaKVHFt3s2QdEi%2FFVLijjBJ8vG4jQrnCp%2F7nZhxSx3lAKODC%2FNr1TjNj6W8px2gR4oFuuuFTE0%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-ray: 8da2fcf2f92a3ce0-CDG
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=QUIC&rtt=17878&sent=12&recv=10&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=4243&recv_bytes=4502&delivery_rate=512&cwnd=12000&unsent_bytes=0&cid=75db2bc25d61a607&ts=440&x=1", cfExtPri, cfHdrFlush;dur=0
date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 11:57:27 GMT
content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
server: cloudflare
priority: u=1,i

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

1 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

string| __reactRouterVersion

1 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			klarna.digreklamation.se/	1970-01-21 00:41:02	Name: klarna_session_id Value: 34ea9bf2-7b3b-40d2-8cb7-11537acd60a8

1 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
network	error	URL: https://klarna.digreklamation.se/favicon.ico Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

api-quick-silver-06b375d03de5.herokuapp.com
ipapi.co
klarna.digreklamation.se
104.21.66.212
104.26.9.44
54.224.34.30
04456663161edd88899d844c22fd17a542e143b54d860e6dc283d4d37198b7d2
1fba3bac58d86f82cb2314113df5f3aaeebd3e7ae40473aa4c0c846c088f5f76
3e077b541bce2ee30ae56217decf6f96083f87169a4364d1a650e44b3f0048b9
65adc0406c72582c6621aeaa6805e40240a4137da8f30fc66cc5dba4b8602deb
7515bf959b73b956ceb967351c7e299cbb3668a53d35f9c770eb72e00d93ced6
aae1c1ef783ccbed767023ffe6c791d58ecf23a1b757b51258e7133f7d3bfc4c

klarna.digreklamation.se Open in urlscan Pro 104.21.66.212 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page URL History Show full URLs

Page Statistics

7 Requests

100 %HTTPS

0 %IPv6

3 Domains

3 Subdomains

3 IPs

2 Countries

115 kBTransfer

322 kBSize

1 Cookies

0 Outgoing links

Page URL History

Redirected requests

7 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

1 JavaScript Global Variables

1 Cookies

1 Console Messages

Security Headers

Indicators

klarna.digreklamation.se Open in urlscan Pro
104.21.66.212 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

7
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

3
Domains

3
Subdomains

3
IPs

2
Countries

115 kB
Transfer

322 kB
Size

1
Cookies

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions