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Submission: On April 27 via api from US — Scanned from DE
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REMIX IDE loading compiler... FILE EXPLORERS GENERAL SETTINGS Generate contract metadata. Generate a JSON file in the contract folder. Allows to specify library addresses the contract depends on. If nothing is specified, Remix deploys libraries automatically. Always use Javascript VM at load Word wrap in editor Enable Personal Mode for web3 provider. Transaction sent over Web3 will use the web3.personal API. Be sure the endpoint is opened before enabling it. This mode allows a user to provide a passphrase in the Remix interface without having to unlock the account. Although this is very convenient, you should completely trust the backend you are connected to (Geth, Parity, ...). Remix never persists any passphrase Enable Matomo Analytics. We do not collect personally identifiable information (PII). The info is used to improve the site’s UX & UI. See more about Analytics in Remix IDE & Matomo GITHUB ACCESS TOKEN Manage the access token used to publish to Gist and retrieve Github contents. Go to github token page (link below) to create a new token and save it in Remix. Make sure this token has only 'create gist' permission. https://github.com/settings/tokens TOKEN: Remove THEMES Dark (dark) Light (light) Midcentury (light) Black (dark) Candy (light) Cerulean (light) Flatly (light) Spacelab (light) Cyborg (dark) Connect to a Local Plugin Active Modules1 SOLIDITY COMPILER DEACTIVATE Compile solidity contracts Inactive Modules30 BUILDBEAR ACTIVATE Create a Private Sandbox for various EVM and EVM-compatible blockchain networks, complete with a Faucet and Explorer. CELOBETA ACTIVATE Deploy and Run Transactions with Celo. CODE BY WELLDONE STUDIOBETA ACTIVATE Multi-Chain Deploy and Run Transactions CONTRACT DEPLOYERALPHA ACTIVATE Deploy a compiled contract to the same address on multiple networks CONTRACT VERIFICATION - SOURCIFY ACTIVATE Solidity contract and metadata verification service COOKBOOK.DEV ACTIVATE Find any smart contract, protocol, and library. DAPP DRAFT ACTIVATE Edit and deploy your own dapp! DEBUGGER ACTIVATE Debug transactions DEPLOY & RUN JS ON XINGHUO BIF ACTIVATE Deploy JS Contracts & Run Transactions on Xinghuo BIF DEPLOY & RUN SOLIDITY ON XINGHUO BIF ACTIVATE Deploy Solidity contracts & Run Transactions on Xinghuo BIF DGIT ACTIVATE Manage workspaces in a git repository. DGIT DIFF ACTIVATE Diff viewer for the DGIT plugin. HARDHAT PROVIDER ACTIVATE Hardhat provider KLAYTN ACTIVATE Deploy and Run Transactions with Klaytn. LEARNETHBETA ACTIVATE Learn Ethereum with Remix! LEXONALPHA ACTIVATE Compile Lexon contracts MYTHX SECURITY VERIFICATION ACTIVATE Perform Static and Dynamic Security Analysis using the MythX Cloud Service NAHMII COMPILER ACTIVATE Compiler for Nahmii 2.0. ONE CLICK DAPP ACTIVATE A free tool to generate smart contract interfaces. REMIXD ACTIVATE Using Remixd daemon, allow to access file system RESTORE BACKUP ZIP ACTIVATE Use this to restore your Remix backup zip files to the new workspaces. SOLHINT LINTER ACTIVATE Linter for Solidity SOLIDITY COMPILER (XINGHUO BIF) ACTIVATE Compile Solidity Contracts (Xinghuo BIF) SOLIDITY STATIC ANALYSIS ACTIVATE Checks the contract code for security vulnerabilities and bad practices. SOLIDITY UNIT TESTING ACTIVATE Fast tool to generate unit tests for your contracts STARKNET ACTIVATE Compile and deploy contracts with Cairo, a native smart contract language for Starknet. TENDERLY ACTIVATE Remix & Tenderly Project Integration. Verify Contracts. Import To Remix From your Tenderly project. WALLET CONNECT ACTIVATE Use an external wallet for transacting ZKSYNC ACTIVATE Compile and deploy smart contracts for zkSync Era. ZOKRATESBETA ACTIVATE ZoKrates toolbox for zkSNARKs on Ethereum PLUGIN MANAGER PERMISSIONS Close NO PERMISSION REQUESTED YET. OKCancel Permissions LOCAL PLUGIN Close Plugin Name (required) Display Name Api (comma separated list of method names) Plugins it can activate (comma separated list of plugin names) Url (required) TYPE OF CONNECTION (REQUIRED) Iframe Websocket LOCATION IN REMIX (REQUIRED) Side Panel Main Panel None OKCancel WorkspacesCreateRenameDeletedefault_workspace - connect to localhost - * Create New FileCreate New FolderPublish all the current workspace files (only root) to a github gistLoad a local file into current workspace * contracts * scripts * tests * README.txt Close Close Close CompilerAdd a custom compiler with URLlatest local version - soljson-v0.8.7+commit.e28d00a7.js0.8.25+commit.b61c2a910.8.24+commit.e11b9ed90.8.23+commit.f704f3620.8.22+commit.4fc1097e0.8.21+commit.d9974bed0.8.20+commit.a1b79de60.8.19+commit.7dd6d4040.8.18+commit.87f61d960.8.17+commit.8df45f5f0.8.16+commit.07a7930e0.8.15+commit.e14f27140.8.14+commit.80d49f370.8.13+commit.abaa5c0e0.8.12+commit.f00d73080.8.11+commit.d7f039430.8.10+commit.fc4108300.8.9+commit.e5eed63a0.8.8+commit.dddeac2f0.8.7+commit.e28d00a70.8.6+commit.11564f7e0.8.5+commit.a4f2e5910.8.4+commit.c7e474f20.8.3+commit.8d00100c0.8.2+commit.661d11030.8.1+commit.df193b150.8.0+commit.c7dfd78e0.7.6+commit.7338295f0.7.5+commit.eb77ed080.7.4+commit.3f05b7700.7.3+commit.9bfce1f60.7.2+commit.51b20bc00.7.1+commit.f4a555be0.7.0+commit.9e61f92b0.6.12+commit.27d517650.6.11+commit.5ef660b10.6.10+commit.00c0fcaf0.6.9+commit.3e3065ac0.6.8+commit.0bbfe4530.6.7+commit.b8d736ae0.6.6+commit.6c089d020.6.5+commit.f956cc890.6.4+commit.1dca32f30.6.3+commit.8dda95210.6.2+commit.bacdbe570.6.1+commit.e6f7d5a40.6.0+commit.26b700770.5.17+commit.d19bba130.5.16+commit.9c3226ce0.5.15+commit.6a57276f0.5.14+commit.01f1aaa40.5.13+commit.5b0b510c0.5.12+commit.7709ece90.5.11+commit.22be85920.5.11+commit.c082d0b40.5.10+commit.5a6ea5b10.5.9+commit.c68bc34e0.5.9+commit.e560f70d0.5.8+commit.23d335f20.5.7+commit.6da8b0190.5.6+commit.b259423e0.5.5+commit.47a71e8f0.5.4+commit.9549d8ff0.5.3+commit.10d17f240.5.2+commit.1df8f40c0.5.1+commit.c8a2cb620.5.0+commit.1d4f565a0.4.26+commit.4563c3fc0.4.25+commit.59dbf8f10.4.24+commit.e67f01470.4.23+commit.124ca40d0.4.22+commit.4cb486ee0.4.21+commit.dfe3193c0.4.20+commit.3155dd800.4.19+commit.c4cbbb050.4.18+commit.9cf6e9100.4.17+commit.bdeb9e520.4.16+commit.d7661dd90.4.15+commit.8b45bddb0.4.15+commit.bbb8e64f0.4.14+commit.c2215d460.4.13+commit.0fb4cb1a0.4.12+commit.194ff0330.4.11+commit.68ef58100.4.10+commit.f0d539ae0.4.9+commit.364da4250.4.8+commit.60cc16680.4.7+commit.822622cf0.4.6+commit.2dabbdf00.4.5+commit.b318366e0.4.4+commit.4633f3de0.4.3+commit.2353da710.4.2+commit.af6afb040.4.1+commit.4fc6fc2c0.4.0+commit.acd334c90.3.6+commit.3fc68da50.3.5+commit.5f97274a0.3.4+commit.7dab89020.3.3+commit.4dc1cb140.3.2+commit.81ae2a780.3.1+commit.c492d9be0.3.0+commit.11d673690.2.2+commit.ef92f5660.2.1+commit.91a6b35f0.2.0+commit.4dc2445e0.1.7+commit.b4e666cc0.1.6+commit.d41f8b7c0.1.5+commit.23865e390.1.4+commit.5f6c3cdf0.1.3+commit.028f561d0.1.2+commit.d0d36e30.1.1+commit.6ff4cd6 Include nightly builds LanguageSolidityYul EVM Versioncompiler defaultlondonberlinistanbulpetersburgconstantinoplebyzantiumspuriousDragontangerineWhistlehomestead Compiler Configuration Auto compile Enable optimization Hide warnings compiler is loading, please wait a few moments.Compile <no file selected> No Contract Compiled Yet Close OK Close Close Close Environment Remix VM (London) Remix VM (Berlin) Injected Provider - Metamask Web3 Providercheck out docs to setup Environment Account 0x5B3...eddC4 (100 ether)0xAb8...35cb2 (100 ether)0x4B2...C02db (100 ether)0x787...cabaB (100 ether)0x617...5E7f2 (100 ether)0x17F...8c372 (100 ether)0x5c6...21678 (100 ether)0x03C...D1Ff7 (100 ether)0x1aE...E454C (100 ether)0x0A0...C70DC (100 ether)0xCA3...a733c (100 ether)0x147...C160C (100 ether)0x4B0...4D2dB (100 ether)0x583...40225 (100 ether)0xdD8...92148 (100 ether) Copy value to clipboard Sign a message using this account key Gas limit Value WeiGweiFinneyEther Contract No contract compiled yet or compilation failed. Please check the compile tab for more information. ABI file selected No compiled contracts or At Address Transactions recorded 0 Deployed Contracts Clear instances list and reset recorder Currently you have no contract instances to interact with. Zoom outZoom in * Home Scroll to see all tabs 1 Enter to Rename, Shift+Enter to Preview QUICKLINKS Guidefor migrating the old File System Migration tools: Basic migrationDownload all Files as a backup zipRestore filesfrom backup zip Help: Gitter channel Report on Github REMIX The Native IDE for Web3 Development FEATURED PLUGINS SolidityOptimismLearnEthSolhint linterSourcify More FILE New File Open Files Connect to Localhost LOAD FROM: GistGitHubIpfshttps RESOURCES Documentation Gitter channel Featuring website Old experience 23 Apr REMIX RELEASE V0.48.0 Author: Rob Stupay THE BIG NEWS * Remix now supports multiple browser wallets — EIP-6963 * PLONK scripts now included in all ZKP templates * CREATE2 for contract deployment * Update for customizing Gas Limit USING MULTIPLE BROWSER WALLETS — EIP 6963 Before this release, Remix only worked with a single active browser wallet; only one wallet browser extension could be active at a time. Now with this release, Remix displays your active browser wallets in the Environments section of Deploy & Run Transactions: PLONK SCRIPTS IN THE ZKP TEMPLATES In the ZK department, Remix has three Zero Knowledge Proof templates and a Circom compiler. In this release, we’ve added scripts for running the PLONK proving system. Now you can choose GROTH16 or PLONK. CREATE2 FOR DEPLOYING CONTRACTS A Contract’s address can be precomputed, before it is deployed, by using create2 opcode. Deploying a contract with CREATE2 can be a great technique for onboarding new users to a DApp because you can fund an address and then deploy a contract to that same address. In the File Explorer’s hamburger menu, we’ve added a link to Add Create2 Solidity factory contracts. When you click on the link, a lib folder will be added in the contracts folder of your workspace. In create2-factory.sol are two contracts: Create2Factory for deploying in a Solidity way and Create2FactoryAssembly for deploying in an Assembly way. Also included is a dummy contract for deploying. Thanks to the user who submitted this feature request and to solidity-by-example — the source of the Solidity file. For more info about deploying with CREATE2, see this video. UPDATE TO INTERFACE OF GAS LIMIT In the Deploy & Run Transactions module, we have updated the interface for GAS LIMIT. The Estimated Gas is set to 3,000,000. For customizing the Gas Limit, click the Custom option and edit amount in the input box can be changed. THANK YOU, DEAR REMIX USERS Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. Join our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.48.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 11 Apr REMIX RELEASE V0.47.0 Author: Aniket THE BIG NEWS 1. New AI tools using Remix’s Solidity Copilot 2. Pin your contracts deployed in the VM 3. DAppDraft: a plugin for generating a front-end NEW AI TOOL: REMIX’S SOLIDITY COPILOT Solidity Copilot is built on top of our Large Language Model (LLM) called SolCoder. Solidity Copilot helps by offering coding suggestions. The switch to turn on Solidity Copilot There are three new icons at the top of the Editor. When clicked: * The switch icon activates Solidity Copilot. * The robot icon explains a contract. * The book icon links to Remix’s AI product documentation. As you probably know, we have already integrated ChatGPT into Remix. CODE COMPLETION WITH SOLIDITY COPILOT With the Solidity Copilot switch on, just start typing. When you put a space after a word, the Copilot will make a suggestion. NOTE: the suggestion will take into account everything that preceded it in this contract. Hit tab to accept the suggestion. MORE AI OPTIONS IN EDITOR’S RIGHT-CLICK MENU Both ChatGPT and Solidity Copilot are integrated into the Editor’s Right-click popup menu. In this release, we added Explain this code, which uses Solidity Copilot and not ChatGPT. In all cases, the answer will be printed out in Remix’s Terminal. EDITOR: ASK SOLIDITY COPILOT WITH /// In the Editor, when the Solidity Copilot is on, you can ask it a coding question with the /// prompt. For example: /// write a function that returns an array with 3 elements from the function's parameters PINNED CONTRACTS COME TO THE REMIX VM We have extended pinning to include contracts deployed to any flavor of the RemixVM. This also means that the state of the VM will be saved! When you click the pin icon, the contract will appear in the pinned section and will be there after you refresh. NOTE: The list of pinned contracts are specific to which chain is currently selected. For example, pinned contracts in the Remix VM (Cancun) will not show up if the Injected Provider is selected. USING THE SAVED REMIX VM BLOCKCHAIN IN COLLABORATIONS The state of the VM is saved in a file in the File Explorer, and it will be saved in your remote repository when you push the workspace there. And that means your co-workers can auto-load the state of your Remix VM when they pull from that repo. DAPPDRAFT: A PLUGIN FOR GENERATING A FRONT-END DappDraft is a huge step forward for creating the first iteration — the first draft of a DApp’s front-end. This plugin takes all the functions of a contract, allows you to show the ones you want, and then publishes the DApp on a platform called Surge at a subdomain of your choice. Here’s how it works: * Deploy a contract to a public chain * Open up the deployed instance by clicking on the caret, and then click on the edit icon. Now DAppDraft will appear in the main panel: ONLY SHOW FUNCTIONS THAT ARE USEFUL FOR YOUR PRESENTATION If you mouse over a function, an X will appear, so you can hide the function. You can also reorder the listed functions by dragging the icon to the right of the function (circled in red in the image above). Each function also has an input box so you can provide instructions for the user. PUBLISHING THE DAPP WITH SURGE At this point you’ll need to sign up, or sign in to Surge. Both signing in and signing up use the same interface. Also you’ll need to come up with a unique subdomain. After you hit the submit button the DApp’s front end will be published on Surge and you’ll see something like this: In upcoming releases, we will be making some updates to this tool. Please send us comments about any adjustments you’d like to have. A big thank you & shoutout to @drafish for making this plugin! THANK YOU, DEAR REMIX USERS Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. Join our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.47.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 27 Mar REMIX RELEASE V0.46.0 Author: Aniket THE BIG NEWS * Functionality of the Cancun fork works in Remix VM * Latest Solidity compiler version set to 0.8.25 with Cancun as default EVM version CANCUN FORK IN THE REMIX VM So you want to practice you use of transient storage or other Cancun fork features? Well now you can! The default EVM version of the Remix VM is now Cancun. DEFAULT SOLIDITY VERSION IS NOW 0.8.25 The Solidity compiler’s default version is now 0.8.25. When you open the Advanced setting’s panel, you’ll see the EVM choices. The default selection is Cancun. You could also specify Cancun version — but the default version is Cancun. THANK YOU REMIX USERS! Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. For future releases, we are looking for more Beta Testers. If you are interested in helping this effort please fill out this form. We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.46.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 15 Mar REMIX RELEASE V0.45.0 Author: Rob Stupay THE BIG NEWS * Saved contracts are now called pinned contracts * Remix VM state can be saved * Fetch verified contracts from Blockscout PINNING CONTRACTS Contracts deployed to any network, except the Remix VM, can be now be pinned. Pinning to the Remix VM is coming soon. Also note that we have altered the name from “Saved” to “Pinned”. Clicking the pin icon in the Deployed/Unpinned section will… for lack of a better word, pin it in the Pinned Contracts section. When you reload Remix, and select the same network and the same workspace as the pinned contracts, those contracts will be loaded and ready for you. When a contract is pinned, Remix saves it in the File Explorer. > The network in the image above with the ID 39438118 is the Ephermery network. > It’s a test net that refreshes every seven days — so their faucet is easy and > generous. REMIX VM STATE IS NOW SAVED Now, by default, when you refresh the IDE, the Remix VM — the in-browser test chain—will maintain its state rather than refreshing. The state is stored in the File Explorer — which itself is stored in indexedDB —when using Remix without Remixd. To turn off the saving of the Remix VM’s state, uncheck the Save environment state in the Settings panel. FETCH A VERIFIED CONTRACT FROM ANY CHAIN ON A BLOCKSCOUT EXPLORER A verified contract from any Blockscout chain explorer can be opened in Remix using some URL parameters. Use these URL params: #address={contract_address}&blockscout={blockscout_domain} For example, with a Blockscout URL like this one: https://optimism.blockscout.com/address/0x73d5C2f4EB0E4EB15B3234f8B880A10c553DA1ea?tab=contract Open the contract in Remix with this url: https://remix.ethereum.org#address=0x73d5C2f4EB0E4EB15B3234f8B880A10c553DA1ea&blockscout=optimism.blockscout.com FETCH BLOCKSCOUT VERIFIED CONTRACTS ON ETHEREUM MAINNET Do you know about the trick for fetching verified contracts on Etherscan?We’ve implemented the same trick for Blockscout! Try it out: * Go to Blockscout.com and select a verified contract on Ethereum. * Take a URL like this one: https://eth.blockscout.com/address/0x03FF864F65A69E6C025F68F5695fA243F8d2d61B?tab=contract * Swap the eth.blockscout.com for remix.ethereum.org and the contract will load in Remix! https://remix.ethereum.org/address/0x03FF864F65A69E6C025F68F5695fA243F8d2d61B?tab=contract THANK YOU LOVELY REMIX USERS - WE PIN YOU! Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. For future releases, we are looking for more Beta Testers. If you are interested in helping this effort please fill out this form. We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.45.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 28 Feb REMIX RELEASE V0.44.0 Author: Rob Stupay THE BIG NEWS * Save deployed contracts * Sindri integration * Vyper compiler updates SAVING DEPLOYED CONTRACTS Did you remember the address of that contract you recently deployed? Now, when deploying to a public chain (using the Injected Provider), Remix has a save button. Deploy a contract with the Injected Provider Environment, and the next time you come back to Remix and select Injected Provider, your contract will be there! You just need to connect to the same chain using Injected Provider. SINDRI INTEGRATION Sindri is a service for computing ZK Proofs remotely. To try out this integration, load a Circom template and then in the hamburger menu at the top of the File Explorer choose Add Sindri ZKScripts. A Readme file will open with more information about this service. VYPER UPDATES Hey Vyper fans, have you tried the Vyper plugin yet? We’ve put the choice of Remote or Local compiler in the Advanced Settings accordion box. The default choice is the remote compiler. THANK YOU INDUSTRIOUS REMIX USERS YOU CLEAN THE DUST OUT OF INDUSTRIOUS! Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.44.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 14 Feb REMIX RELEASE V0.43.0 Author: Rob Stupay THE BIG NEWS * File Explorer: hover icons and right-click compile Vyper * Vyper compiler updates * Indication for external plugins * WalletConnect updated FILE EXPLORER UPDATES HOVER ICONS IN FILE EXPLORER Now in the File Explorer, when you hover over a file or folder to the right there will be some tool icons. RIGHT-CLICK COMPILE VYPER FILE So you’ve got a Vyper file in Remix and want to compile it AND you are lazy… what are you going to do? With this release, right-click the file: The Vyper compiler plugin will automatically load, and you can see your compiler errors there (if you have any). VYPER COMPILER UPDATES The Vyper compiler now shows compiler errors in cards below the Compile button. INDICATION FOR EXTERNAL PLUGINS Remix has plugins that the Remix team maintains, and plugins that external teams develop and maintain. The Remix team plugins have a green check mark, and now external ones have a warning symbol. WALLETCONNECT PLUGIN UPDATED * Updated Web3Modal SDK to v3.5.7 * Added support for EIP-6963 * Added support for more chains Thanks so much to glitch-txs for contributing this PR! BUG FIXES * Flattening now works with Solidity remappings. Thanks to nakul1010 for reporting this issue. * We fixed a bug for copying an address when using the External Http Provider. Thanks, EthanBlockson THANK YOU, DEAR REMIX USERS Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.43.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 01 Feb REMIX RELEASE V0.42.0 Author: Rob Stupay THE BIG NEWS * Ask GPT for Circom ZKP compiler errors/warnings * Default Solidity compiler set to 0.8.24 with support of ‘Cancun’ EVM * Workspace Template ‘Uniswap v4 Periphery’ renamed to ‘Uniswap v4 Template’ GPT HELP FOR THE ERRORS IN CIRCOM Have you tried the Circom compiler in Remix? If not click here to load Remix with the Circom plugin. If you have tried it but don’t understand anything about it, check this article article with an intro to ZK Proof terms and this article about how to use the Circom plugin. And finally for you dear ZK Dev or ZK Dev wannabe who has tried it out but doesn’t understand the error messages, you can now click ASK GPT for help. NEW DEFAULT SOLIDITY VERSION AND NEW DEFAULT EVM VERSION Is it my fault or your fault? No, its just the default! OK stop groaning…and notice that Remix is up to date with the coming network upgrade. The default compiler is Cancun and the default Solidity version is 0.8.24. UNISWAP V4 TEMPLATE We have had the Uniswap v4 template in Remix — but it was previously called Uniswap v4 Periphery. So now we have renamed it to something that you can identify more easily. To load this template in the File Explorer, click the hamburger menu and then select Create. You’ll see it in the Uniswap V4 section. THANK YOU LUSCIOUS REMIX USERS AND V4 HACKERS Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.42.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 11 Jan REMIX RELEASE V0.40.0 Author: Aniket THE BIG NEWS * A Revamped Vyper compiler that compiles the latest version and more! * Circom v2.1.6 support * Uniswap v4 templates VYPER VYPER AND VYPER -> A NEW VYPER COMPILER FOR REMIX! Remix has teamed up with ApeWorX for a new Vyper compiler. This means you can compile Vyper contracts in Remix and use not only the latest version but nearly all Vyper versions! Compiling is either done remotely or locally. And to compile a file you need to have a Vyper file as the active file in the File Explorer, which you can get by clicking the Clone Vyper examples repository button. REMOTE COMPILER The remote compilation is done using our remote containerized service that supports the official Vyper plugin for the Ape framework that ApeWorX maintains. LOCAL COMPILER The local compilation can be done by connecting Remix Online IDE to your file system with Remixd and then running a docker container that runs the Ape framework. Click here for more info about this setup. In the near future, (spoiler alert!!!) a major update is coming to Remix Desktop, you’ll be able to run everything locally — both Remix, and the new Vyper compilers (still in Docker, of course). SPECIFYING VYPER & EVM VERSIONS To specify the version of Vyper or the EVM version, add a comment at the top of your .vy code like in the example below: HERPETOLOGICALLY* CURIOUS? LEARN VYPER! (*the study of snakes, not herpes) Don’t know about Vyper? Check out some Vyper files by hitting the clone button. This will load a repo full of Vyper files, so slither over to the File Explorer to check them out. Take note: this repo could take up to a minute to load, so take a deep breath or two, they’ll load. To learn more about Vyper, read through the Vyperlang Readthedocs, check Snekmate, and join the Vyper discord server! A URL TO LOAD REMIX WITH THE VYPER COMPILER ACTIVATED Want to send someone to Remix with the Vyper plugin loaded and active? Use this url: https://remix.ethereum.org/#activate=vyper VIEWING COMPILER ERRORS When there are compiler errors in the Vyper plugin, the icon will have a warning icon. Mouseover the icon to get the error with its line number. SCARED OF UNISWAP V4?? If you want to start playing with Uniswap v4, come check out our new Uniswap v4 templates. Check them out, and if you get confused, ask ChatGPT for help. Tip: you can ask ChatGPT in the Remix console by starting with “gpt”. For example: gpt when would you use a uniswap multisigswap contract? LOADING UNISWAP TEMPLATES Go to the hamburger menu to create a new Workspace. In the Create Workspace modal’s template select box, choose one under the Uniswap V4 section. To load these templates, Remix clones them from their repos, so it can take 10–60 seconds for them to load, depending on your connection speed. These Uniswap v4 files are coming from Cookbook.dev. As such, the Remix COOKBOOK.DEV plugin is activated, and it will write the template files into the File Explorer. But because these files are coming from outside Remix, you will need to agree to the Cookbook.dev plugin writing files into the File Explorer. Its a bit easier to check the Remember this choice checkbox. HOOKBOOK MULTISIGSWAPHOOK The MultiSigSwapHook contract can be used when you want to ensure a swap operation on Uniswap (or a similar platform) has been approved by multiple parties before it can be executed. BREAKTHROUGH LABS UNISWAP V4 HOOKS for more info about these files see: https://github.com/Breakthrough-Labs/Uniswapv4Hooks UNISWAP V4 PERIPHERY Uniswap v4 is a new automated market maker protocol that provides extensibility and customizability to pools. v4-periphery hosts the logic that builds on top of the core pool logic like hook contracts, position managers, and even possibly libraries needed for integrations. The v4-periphery contracts in this repository are still in development, and further periphery contracts have not yet been built. see: https://github.com/Uniswap/v4-periphery CIRCOM V2.1.6 In Remix you can now run the latest Circom compiler. So take your ellyptic curves through Circom’s latest. THANK YOU REMIX USERS — WITH OR WITHOUT HERPETOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you think would be useful to add. We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at remix@ethereum.org! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remix Release v0.40.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 19 Dec CIRCOM IN REMIX PART 2: HOW TO USE Author: Rob Stupay The Remix Circom plugin is a great tool for getting started with writing ZK circuits in Circom. The Remix innovation here is that we’ve got the Circom compiler working in the browser. This makes playing with Circom easier because… well, because it’s Remix, so no setup is needed. Just keep in mind that the plugin is in alpha, so it’s not for production use yet. Under the hood, the Remix Circom plugin’s GUI (graphical user interface) organizes your data into the correct parameters for the methods in snarks.js, so you don’t need to dig too deep there unless you want to. And if you want to, we also have scripts you can adapt that use snarks.js and ethers.js. LINK TO PART 1 Part 1 Circom in Remix article (the definitions) COMPONENTS OF THE PROOF At a high level, to make a proof with a ZK system, you need: 1. The inputs — both private and public 2. The circuit 3. The witness 4. The constraint system 5. The signals ( the inputs, outputs, and intermediary steps of the circuit) 6. A special set of random numbers (from the trusted setup- the Perpetual Powers of Tau ceremony) If these components don’t make sense, please see Part 1 of this series. The proof can be generated and verified, and it can be submitted for on-chain verification via a Solidity file which we will be generating later in this article. Let’s take a walk through the Circom compiler plugin. REMIX’S SIMPLEST ZK SNARK EXAMPLE Let’s choose a very basic example to start with. Remix has added some Workspace Templates for Circom. When you choose one of these templates, the Circom compiler will automatically activate. To see these templates, create a new Workspace by clicking on the hamburger menu in the File Explorer and choosing the Create option. Then, in the modal that comes up, click the Choose a template pulldown menu, and the following list will come up: The most basic Circom example file is the simple.circom file which is located in the Semphore template. So to start, choose this template. Here’s the compiler: In order to use the plugin you will need to have a .circom file active in the File Explorer, so choose simple.circom. Then go to the Circom compiler and the compile button can be used. > Note: If the active file in the Editor is not a Circom file, the compile > button in the plugin cannot be clicked. You can either hit the Compile button or use the Ctrl+S keyboard shortcut as shown above in the tool-tip. The compilation result will be stored in a .wasm file in the .bin directory that is inside the circuits folder. Next, create the R1CS constraint file by clicking the button. Generate R1CS button with tooltip This creates the simple.r1cs file in the .bin directory. Generating the R1CS file can take longer than compiling the .circom file. COMPUTE WITNESS The prover inputs their private info for the circuit in this section. Now dial down the Compute Witness caret. I’ve input the following: So my private info is 3 & 4. When I hit the compute button, a .wtn file is created in the .bin folder. FILES GENERATED SO FAR We now have: * simple.wasm (the compilation result) * simple.r1cs (the constraint file) * simple.wtn (the witness file) Notice there is no proof file, nor have we generated a Solidity file for doing an on-chain verification of the proof. Currently in the Remix Circom plugin, these steps can only be done by running scripts. USING THE SCRIPTS IN THE CIRCOM COMPILER Let’s switch to a different Workspace Template to go through the run_setup and run_verification scripts. Hash Checker template has fewer parameters in its scripts than the Semphore template does. So load this template up. BEFORE RUNNING A SCRIPT Scripts need a compiled circom file to work with. So before running a script in this plugin, compile calculate_hash.circom (by making it the active file in the Editor and then in the Circom plugin’s GUI, by clicking the compile button). This will generate the file calculate_hash.wasm in the ./circuits/.bin folder. RUNNING RUN_SETUP.TS 1. MAKES THE R1CS FILE The run_setup.ts script creates the .r1cs file in the circuits/.bin directory, just like the Generate R1CS button did. The setup script will then take the special randomness of the Powers of Tau ceremony, and will contribute to it and then will add its phase2 as described in the snarks.js docs and in the Circom docs. > The trusted setup consists of two parts: > • The powers of tau, which is independent of the circuit > • The phase 2, which depends on the circuit > - from Circom Docs 2. MAKES THE VERIFICATION KEYS The verification keys will be used for verifying the proof. The script generates and stores them in this file: zk/build/verification_key.json 3. MAKES THE FILE FOR ONCHAIN VERIFICATION The run_setup.ts script will also generate the Solidity file for verifying the proof. It will also be saved in this directory. 4. MAKES ZK_SETUP.TXT Finally the zk_setup.txt will be generated and saved in this directory, which will be used for getting the zkey_final parameter when running run_verification.ts. Here’s what the build folder will contain after running run_setup.ts: RUNNING RUN_VERIFICATION.TS This script makes the proof and then will run the verification. The inputs for the proof include: 1. The private information: these are hard coded on lines 31–34 2. The other preliminary files that were created in run_setup.ts, including: calculate_hash.r1cs, calculate_hash.wasm, zk_setup.txt, verification_key.json It will create the proof as well as the public signals with this line: const { proof, publicSignals } = await snarkjs.groth16.prove(zkey_final, wtns); And then, it will take the proof, the public Signals, and will verify them with this line: const verified = await snarkjs.groth16.verify(vKey, publicSignals, proof, logger); From here, see if you can use the zk_verifier.sol file. Also, try inputting a wrong value into the proof (see line 36) to see what will happen. COMMENTS WELCOME AND NEEDED The Remix Circom plugin is in Alpha, so please send your comments. One of our next updates to the plugin will a button for generating a proof. More Remix Circom Workspace templates are also coming. Join our Discord server and comment there, or send us an email to remix@ethereum.org! We will have articles about each of the Circom Remix Workspaces: Semaphore, Hash Checker, and the Rate Limiting Nullifier later in this series. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circom in Remix Part 2: How to use was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... 19 Dec CIRCOM IN REMIX PART 1: DEFINITIONS Author: Rob Stupay Remix now has a Circom Compiler for running circuits and generating ZK Proofs. This is Part 1 of a 2-part series about Circom in Remix. This article goes through ZKProof vocabulary and concepts so you can understand the interface of the Remix Circom compiler. But, if you want to jump ahead, here’s the link to Part 2. In order to work with Circom, you should go through their docs and their ZK Background page. Many of the definitions contained in this article are from this excellent video, Arithmetic Circuits in Circom v2.0 by Darth Cy. BASIC ELEMENTS OF A ZK-SNARK A ZKProof, contains these elements: * Public inputs that are known to everyone * Private inputs that are only known to the prover, who claims that these are the right inputs for solving the problem. * Problem: a function that takes private and public inputs. It is also the circuit, which we will get into below. * Prover: a person who knows the solution (the private inputs) for the problem. The prover runs the program that executes the circuit and generates a proof. * Verifier: a program or a person that takes a proof (with the public inputs), and can verify its validity without needing the private inputs. ZK PROOF IS IN A MATHEMATICAL CONTEXT The prover wants to prove to the verifier that they have a piece of information —while hiding this information. In the context of Circom (and most ZK Proofs), the information is a number or an encoding — like a hash of some text. And in this mathematical context, the private input will need to satisfy a criteria — like an equation. THE MECHANISM OF A ZK PROOF In a proof, there is the original, private input which is encoded and used in a polynomial equation let’s call it f(x). Then a prover comes along and says they have the same private input which is also encoded and used in another polynomial equation g(x) , let’s call this the expected polynomial equation. The verification system is a way of comparing the two equations by feeding them arbitrary data and checking that the results are the same. The arbitrary data must indeed be random, otherwise the proof of the private input could be faked. Now let’s get into a technical glossary of the basics. CIRCOM Circom is a low-level language that describes mathematical procedures by simplifying complex mathematical operations into circuits. CIRCUITS In the context of Circom, a circuit is a mathematical equation — a polynomial equation. It is written with a series of logic gates. The logic gates of Circom can either be where two numbers are multiplied, or where an arbitrary set of numbers are added. So this equation: is rewritten as steps, where x is multiplied by x, and then the result of that is multiplied by y, and that result is added to 6. This is also referred to as “flattening” the equation. Then, each step of the equation is a multiplication or summation logic gate. By breaking down a complex equation into smaller steps, there will be intermediary outputs. These intermediary outputs in the formula above are m1 and m2. SIGNALS Signals can be the original inputs, the intermediate outputs, or the final output. TEMPLATES Templates are the building blocks of the Circom language. They take signals as their inputs, and their outputs are also signals. In other languages, templates are known as classes. But take note that in Remix, templates, used in the context of Workspaces, are the files that load with a new Workspace. WITNESS The witness is generated from the signals which includes all inputs, outputs and intermediary signals. The intermediary signals are an ingredient in the witness to show that the circuit went through an honest execution. To generate the proof, only the witness is needed. CONSTRAINTS These are the individual steps in the computation of an equation. R1CS — RANK 1 CONSTRAINT SYSTEM R1CS is a protocol for organizing the constraints. For more, see this article. Basically, R1CS flattens the equation and organizes the arrangement. GROTH16 Groth16 is a proving system. As described above, verification is done by sending a set of arbitrary data to the circuit and checking that it returns the same results as the circuit derived from the original private input. RANDOMNESS It is essential that the arbitrary data fed into the circuits are truly random, otherwise a proof could be forged. The process of getting the random points is the Trusted Setup. Also see Darth Cy’s video about Groth16, as well as Vitalik Buterin’s 2016 article. TRUSTED SETUP The trusted setup is the process of creating a dataset of random numbers. It involves any number of parties contributing randomness (also called “entropy”) to a dataset. The trusted setup is called a ceremony, and the specific one for Groth16 is the Powers of Tau ceremony. Once the randomness from the ceremony is encapsulated into a randomness file, it is prepared for phase2. PHASE2 Groth16 needs two types of random number sets: * a set from a trusted setup and that have nothing to do with a specific circuit * Phase2 number sets which are specific to a circuit The preparation the Phase2 dataset is a process that first involves the creation of a final ceremony file. Then the circuit you are working with is “intertwine” and a ZKEY file is produced. The ZKEY file is required every time you want to generate a proof for a particular circuit. Typically, additional randomness is added to the ZKEY file. Like French cooks who always add butter, ZKP chefs are always adding randomness to their recipes. Read more about Phase2 in the snarksjs docs. GENERATING A PROOF To generate the proof you need: 1. Circuit-specific witness calculator — a program, which calculates witness from input signals (private and public) 2. ZKey file which is a representation of the circuit 3. input.json — a file with public and private signals. THE BASIC BACKGROUND IS DONE! …there’s more to study, but that’s will get you familiar with most of the terms in the Circom compiler So it’s time to find the proof in the pudding. And by the way, the proof in this pudding is not in the eating, it is in evaluating the polynomials. So get your hands out of the dessert and into some honestly random data and circuits. Learn about how to use Remix’s Circom compiler in Part 2 , which you will find here. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circom in Remix Part 1: Definitions was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story. More... Clear console 0 listen on network - Welcome to Remix 0.20.0-dev - You can use this terminal to: * Check transactions details and start debugging. * Execute JavaScript scripts: - Input a script directly in the command line interface - Select a Javascript file in the file explorer and then run \`remix.execute()\` or \`remix.exeCurrent()\` in the command line interface - Right click on a JavaScript file in the file explorer and then click \`Run\` The following libraries are accessible: * web3 version 1.5.2 * ethers.js * remix (run remix.help() for more info) > Close WELCOME TO REMIX IDE × Click to launch the Home tab that contains links, tips, and shortcuts.. * * * BackNext