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* VBScript - Home
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* VBScript - Variables
* VBScript - Constants
* VBScript - Operators
* VBScript - Decisions
* VBScript - Loops
* VBScript - Events
* VBScript - Cookies
* VBScript - Numbers
* VBScript - Strings
* VBScript - Arrays
* VBScript - Date
* VBScript Advanced
* VBScript - Procedures
* VBScript - Dialog Boxes
* VBScript - Object Oriented
* VBScript - Reg Expressions
* VBScript - Error Handling
* VBScript - Misc Statements
* VBScript Useful Resources
* VBScript - Questions and Answers
* VBScript - Quick Guide
* VBScript - Useful Resources
* VBScript - Discussion
* Selected Reading
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VBSCRIPT - QUICK GUIDE
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VBSCRIPT - OVERVIEW
VBScript stands for Visual Basic Scripting that forms a subset of Visual Basic
for Applications (VBA). VBA is a product of Microsoft which is included NOT only
in other Microsoft products such as MS Project and MS Office but also in Third
Party tools such as AUTO CAD.
FEATURES OF VBSCRIPT
* VBScript is a lightweight scripting language, which has a lightning fast
interpreter.
* VBScript, for the most part, is case insensitive. It has a very simple
syntax, easy to learn and to implement.
* Unlike C++ or Java, VBScript is an object-based scripting language and NOT an
Object-Oriented Programming language.
* It uses Component Object Model (COM) in order to access the elements of the
environment in which it is executing.
* Successful execution of VBScript can happen only if it is executed in Host
Environment such as Internet Explorer (IE), Internet Information Services
(IIS) and Windows Scripting Host (WSH)
VBSCRIPT – VERSION HISTORY AND USES
VBScript was introduced by Microsoft way back in 1996 and its first version was
1.0. The current stable version of VBScript is 5.8, which is available as part
of IE8 or Windows 7. The VBScript usage areas are aplenty and not restricted to
the below list.
* VBScript is used as a scripting language in one of the popular Automation
testing tools – Quick Test Professional abbreviated as QTP
* Windows Scripting Host, which is used mostly by Windows System administrators
for automating the Windows Desktop.
* Active Server Pages (ASP), a server side scripting environment for creating
dynamic webpages which uses VBScript or Java Script.
* VBScript is used for Client side scripting in Microsoft Internet Explorer.
* Microsoft Outlook Forms usually runs on VBScript; however, the application
level programming relies on VBA (Outlook 2000 onwards).
DISADVANTAGES
* VBscript is used only by IE Browsers. Other browsers such as Chrome, Firefox
DONOT Support VBScript. Hence, JavaScript is preferred over VBScript.
* VBScript has a Limited command line support.
* Since there is no development environment available by default, debugging is
difficult.
WHERE VBSCRIPT IS TODAY ?
The current version of VBScript is 5.8, and with the recent development of .NET
framework, Microsoft has decided to provide future support of VBScript within
ASP.NET for web development. Hence, there will NOT be any more new versions of
VBScript engine but the entire defect fixes and security issues are being
addressed by the Microsoft sustaining Engineering Team. However, VBScript engine
would be shipped as part of all Microsoft Windows and IIS by default.
VBSCRIPT - SYNTAX
YOUR FIRST VBSCRIPT
Let us write a VBScript to print out "Hello World".
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
document.write("Hello World!")
</script>
</body>
</html>
In the above example, we called a function document.write, which writes a string
into the HTML document. This function can be used to write text, HTML or both.
So, above code will display following result −
Hello World!
WHITESPACE AND LINE BREAKS
VBScript ignores spaces, tabs, and newlines that appear within VBScript
programs. One can use spaces, tabs, and newlines freely within the program, so
you are free to format and indent your programs in a neat and consistent way
that makes the code easy to read and understand.
FORMATTING
VBScript is based on Microsoft's Visual Basic. Unlike JavaScript, no statement
terminators such as semicolon is used to terminate a particular statement.
SINGLE LINE SYNTAX
Colons are used when two or more lines of VBScript ought to be written in a
single line. Hence, in VBScript, Colons act as a line separator.
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
var1 = 10 : var2 = 20
</script>
MULTIPLE LINE SYNTAX
When a statement in VBScript is lengthy and if user wishes to break it into
multiple lines, then the user has to use underscore "_". This improves the
readability of the code. The following example illustrates how to work with
multiple lines.
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
var1 = 10
var2 = 20
Sum = var1 + var2
document.write("The Sum of two numbers"&_"var1 and var2 is " & Sum)
</script>
RESERVED WORDS
The following list shows the reserved words in VBScript. These reserved words
SHOULD NOT be used as a constant or variable or any other identifier names.
Loop LSet Me Mod New Next Not Nothing Null On Option Optional Or ParamArray
Preserve Private Public RaiseEvent ReDim Rem Resume RSet Select Set Shared
Single Static Stop Sub Then To True Type And As Boolean ByRef Byte ByVal Call
Case Class Const Currency Debug Dim Do Double Each Else ElseIf Empty End EndIf
Enum Eqv Event Exit False For Function Get GoTo If Imp Implements In Integer Is
Let Like Long TypeOf Until Variant Wend While With Xor Eval Execute Msgbox Erase
ExecuteGlobal Option Explicit Randomize SendKeys
CASE SENSITIVITY
VBScript is a case-insensitive language. This means that language keywords,
variables, function names and any other identifiers need NOT be typed with a
consistent capitalization of letters. So identifiers int_counter, INT_Counter
and INT_COUNTER have the same meaning within VBScript.
COMMENTS IN VBSCRIPT
Comments are used to document the program logic and the user information with
which other programmers can seamlessly work on the same code in future. It can
include information such as developed by, modified by and it can also include
incorporated logic. Comments are ignored by the interpreter while execution.
Comments in VBScript are denoted by two methods.
1. Any statement that starts with a Single Quote (‘) is treated as comment.
Following is the example −
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
<!—
' This Script is invoked after successful login
' Written by : TutorialsPoint
' Return Value : True / False
//- >
</script>
2. Any statement that starts with the keyword “REM”.
Following is the example −
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
<!—
REM This Script is written to Validate the Entered Input
REM Modified by : Tutorials point/user2
//- >
</script>
ENABLING VBSCRIPT IN BROWSERS
Not all the modern browsers support VBScript. VBScript is supported just by
Microsoft's Internet Explorer while other browsers (Firefox and Chrome) support
just JavaScript. Hence, developers normally prefer JavaScript over VBScript.
Though Internet Explorer (IE) supports VBScript, you may need to enable or
disable this feature manually. This tutorial will make you aware of the
procedure of enabling and disabling VBScript support in Internet Explorer.
VBSCRIPT IN INTERNET EXPLORER
Here are simple steps to turn on or turn off VBScript in your Internet Explorer
−
* Follow Tools → Internet Options from the menu
* Select Security tab from the dialog box
* Click the Custom Level button
* Scroll down till you find Scripting option
* Select Enable radio button under Active scripting
* Finally click OK and come out
To disable VBScript support in your Internet Explorer, you need to select
Disable radio button under Active scripting.
VBSCRIPT - PLACEMENTS
VBSCRIPT PLACEMENT IN HTML FILE
There is a flexibility given to include VBScript code anywhere in an HTML
document. But the most preferred way to include VBScript in your HTML file is as
follows −
* Script in <head>...</head> section.
* Script in <body>...</body> section.
* Script in <body>...</body> and <head>...</head> sections.
* Script in an external file and then include in <head>...</head> section.
In the following section, we will see how we can put VBScript in different ways
−
VBSCRIPT IN <HEAD>...</HEAD> SECTION
If you want to have a script run on some event, such as when a user clicks
somewhere, then you will place that script in the head as follows −
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/Vbscript">
<!--
Function sayHello()
Msgbox("Hello World")
End Function
//-->
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello" />
</body>
</html>
It will produce the following result − A button with the name SayHello. Upon
clicking on the Button, the message box is displayed to the user with the
message "Hello World".
VBSCRIPT IN <BODY>...</BODY> SECTION
If you need a script to run as the page loads so that the script generates
content in the page, the script goes in the <body> portion of the document. In
this case, you would not have any function defined using VBScript −
<html>
<head> </head>
<body>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World")
//-->
</script>
<p>This is web page body </p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce the following result −
Hello World
This is web page body
VBSCRIPT IN <BODY> AND <HEAD> SECTIONS
You can put your VBScript code in <head> and <body> section altogether as
follows −
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
<!--
Function sayHello()
msgbox("Hello World")
End Function
//-->
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World")
//-->
</script>
<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello" />
</body>
</html>
It will produce the following result − Hello World message with a 'Say Hello'
button. Upon Clicking on the button a message box with a message "Hello World"
is displayed to the user.
Hello World
VBSCRIPT IN EXTERNAL FILE
As you begin to work more extensively with VBScript, you will likely find that
there are cases, where you are reusing identical VBScript code on multiple pages
of a site. You are not restricted to be maintaining identical code in multiple
HTML files.
The script tag provides a mechanism to allow you to store VBScript in an
external file and then include it into your HTML files. Here is an example to
show how you can include an external VBScript file in your HTML code using
script tag and its src attribute −
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/vbscript" src = "filename.vbs" ></script>
</head>
<body>
.......
</body>
</html>
To use VBScript from an external file source, you need to write your all
VBScript source code in a simple text file with extension ".vbs" and then
include that file as shown above. For example, you can keep the following
content in filename.vbs file and then you can use sayHello function in your HTML
file after including filename.vbs file.
Function sayHello()
Msgbox "Hello World"
End Function
VBSCRIPT PLACEMENT IN QTP
VBScript is placed in QTP (Quick Test Professional) tool but it is NOT enclosed
within HTML Tags. The Script File is saved with the extension .vbs and it is
executed by Quick Test Professional execution engine.
VBSCRIPT - VARIABLES
VBSCRIPT VARIABLES
A variable is a named memory location used to hold a value that can be changed
during the script execution. VBScript has only ONE fundamental data type,
Variant.
Rules for Declaring Variables −
* Variable Name must begin with an alphabet.
* Variable names cannot exceed 255 characters.
* Variables Should NOT contain a period (.)
* Variable Names should be unique in the declared context.
DECLARING VARIABLES
Variables are declared using “dim” keyword. Since there is only ONE fundamental
data type, all the declared variables are variant by default. Hence, a user NEED
NOT mention the type of data during declaration.
Example 1 − In this Example, IntValue can be used as a String, Integer or even
arrays.
Dim Var
Example 2 − Two or more declarations are separated by comma(,)
Dim Variable1,Variable2
ASSIGNING VALUES TO THE VARIABLES
Values are assigned similar to an algebraic expression. The variable name on the
left hand side followed by an equal to (=) symbol and then its value on the
right hand side.
RULES
* The numeric values should be declared without double quotes.
* The String values should be enclosed within double quotes(")
* Date and Time variables should be enclosed within hash symbol(#)
EXAMPLES
' Below Example, The value 25 is assigned to the variable.
Value1 = 25
' A String Value ‘VBScript’ is assigned to the variable StrValue.
StrValue = “VBScript”
' The date 01/01/2020 is assigned to the variable DToday.
Date1 = #01/01/2020#
' A Specific Time Stamp is assigned to a variable in the below example.
Time1 = #12:30:44 PM#
SCOPE OF THE VARIABLES
Variables can be declared using the following statements that determines the
scope of the variable. The scope of the variable plays a crucial role when used
within a procedure or classes.
* Dim
* Public
* Private
DIM
Variables declared using “Dim” keyword at a Procedure level are available only
within the same procedure. Variables declared using “Dim” Keyword at script
level are available to all the procedures within the same script.
Example − In the below example, the value of Var1 and Var2 are declared at
script level while Var3 is declared at procedure level.
Note − The scope of this chapter is to understand Variables. Functions would be
dealt in detail in the upcoming chapters.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim Var1
Dim Var2
Call add()
Function add()
Var1 = 10
Var2 = 15
Dim Var3
Var3 = Var1 + Var2
Msgbox Var3 'Displays 25, the sum of two values.
End Function
Msgbox Var1 ' Displays 10 as Var1 is declared at Script level
Msgbox Var2 ' Displays 15 as Var2 is declared at Script level
Msgbox Var3 ' Var3 has No Scope outside the procedure. Prints Empty
</script>
</body>
</html>
PUBLIC
Variables declared using "Public" Keyword are available to all the procedures
across all the associated scripts. When declaring a variable of type "public",
Dim keyword is replaced by "Public".
Example − In the following example, Var1 and Var2 are available at script level
while Var3 is available across the associated scripts and procedures as it is
declared as Public.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim Var1
Dim Var2
Public Var3
Call add()
Function add()
Var1 = 10
Var2 = 15
Var3 = Var1+Var2
Msgbox Var3 'Displays 25, the sum of two values.
End Function
Msgbox Var1 ' Displays 10 as Var1 is declared at Script level
Msgbox Var2 ' Displays 15 as Var2 is declared at Script level
Msgbox Var3 ' Displays 25 as Var3 is declared as Public
</script>
</body>
</html>
PRIVATE
Variables that are declared as "Private" have scope only within that script in
which they are declared. When declaring a variable of type "Private", Dim
keyword is replaced by "Private".
Example − In the following example, Var1 and Var2 are available at Script Level.
Var3 is declared as Private and it is available only for this particular script.
Use of "Private" Variables is more pronounced within the Class.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim Var1
Dim Var2
Private Var3
Call add()
Function add()
Var1 = 10
Var2 = 15
Var3 = Var1+Var2
Msgbox Var3 'Displays the sum of two values.
End Function
Msgbox Var1 ' Displays 10 as Var1 is declared at Script level
Msgbox Var2 ' Displays 15 as Var2 is declared at Script level
Msgbox Var3 ' Displays 25 but Var3 is available only for this script.
</script>
</body>
</html>
VBSCRIPT - CONSTANTS
Constant is a named memory location used to hold a value that CANNOT be changed
during the script execution. If a user tries to change a Constant Value, the
Script execution ends up with an error. Constants are declared the same way the
variables are declared.
DECLARING CONSTANTS
SYNTAX
[Public | Private] Const Constant_Name = Value
The Constant can be of type Public or Private. The Use of Public or Private is
Optional. The Public constants are available for all the scripts and procedures
while the Private Constants are available within the procedure or Class. One can
assign any value such as number, String or Date to the declared Constant.
EXAMPLE 1
In this example, the value of pi is 3.4 and it displays the area of the circle
in a message box.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim intRadius
intRadius = 20
const pi = 3.14
Area = pi*intRadius*intRadius
Msgbox Area
</script>
</body>
</html>
EXAMPLE 2
The below example illustrates how to assign a String and Date Value to a
Constant.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Const myString = "VBScript"
Const myDate = #01/01/2050#
Msgbox myString
Msgbox myDate
</script>
</body>
</html>
EXAMPLE 3
In the below example, the user tries to change the Constant Value; hence, it
will end up with an Execution Error.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim intRadius
intRadius = 20
const pi = 3.14
pi = pi*pi 'pi VALUE CANNOT BE CHANGED.THROWS ERROR'
Area = pi*intRadius*intRadius
Msgbox Area
</script>
</body>
</html>
VBSCRIPT - OPERATORS
WHAT IS AN OPERATOR?
Let’s take an expression 4 + 5 is equal to 9. Here, 4 and 5 are called operands
and + is called the operator. VBScript language supports following types of
operators −
* Arithmetic Operators
* Comparison Operators
* Logical (or Relational) Operators
* Concatenation Operators
THE ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
VBScript supports the following arithmetic operators −
Assume variable A holds 5 and variable B holds 10, then −
Show Examples
Operator Description Example + Adds two operands A + B will give 15 - Subtracts
second operand from the first A - B will give -5 * Multiply both operands A * B
will give 50 / Divide numerator by denumerator B / A will give 2 % Modulus
Operator and remainder of after an integer division B MOD A will give 0 ^
Exponentiation Operator B ^ A will give 100000
To understand these operators in a better way, you can Try it yourself.
THE COMPARISON OPERATORS
There are following comparison operators supported by VBScript language −
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −
Show Examples
Operator Description Example = Checks if the value of two operands are equal or
not, if yes then condition becomes true. (A == B) is False. <> Checks if the
value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition
becomes true. (A <> B) is True. > Checks if the value of left operand is greater
than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A > B) is
False. < Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A < B) is True. >= Checks if the
value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes true. (A >= B) is False. <= Checks if the value of
left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true. (A <= B) is True.
To understand these operators in a better way, you can Try it yourself.
THE LOGICAL OPERATORS
There are following logical operators supported by VBScript language −
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 0, then −
Show Examples
Operator Description Example AND Called Logical AND operator. If both the
conditions are True, then Expression becomes True. a<>0 AND b<>0 is False. OR
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two conditions is True, then condition
becomes True. a<>0 OR b<>0 is true. NOT Called Logical NOT Operator. It reverses
the logical state of its operand. If a condition is True, then the Logical NOT
operator will make it False. NOT(a<>0 OR b<>0) is false. XOR Called Logical
Exclusion. It is the combination of NOT and OR Operator. If one, and only one,
of the expressions evaluates to True, result is True. (a<>0 XOR b<>0) is true.
To understand these operators in a better way, you can Try it yourself.
THE CONCATENATION OPERATORS
There are following Concatenation operators supported by VBScript language −
Assume variable A holds 5 and variable B holds 10 then −
Show Examples
Operator Description Example + Adds two Values as Variable Values are Numeric A
+ B will give 15 & Concatenates two Values A & B will give 510
Assume variable A = "Microsoft" and variable B="VBScript", then −
Operator Description Example + Concatenates two Values A + B will give
MicrosoftVBScript & Concatenates two Values A & B will give MicrosoftVBScript
Note − Concatenation Operators can be used for numbers and strings. The Output
depends on the context if the variables hold numeric value or String Value.
To understand these Operators in a better way, you can Try it yourself.
VBSCRIPT - DECISION MAKING
Decision making allows programmers to control the execution flow of a script or
one of its sections. The execution is governed by one or more conditional
statements.
Following is the general form of a typical decision making structure found in
most of the programming languages −
VBScript provides the following types of decision making statements.
Statement Description if statement An if statement consists of a Boolean
expression followed by one or more statements. if..else statement An if else
statement consists of a Boolean expression followed by one or more statements.
If the condition is True, the statements under the If statements are executed.
If the condition is false, then the Else part of the script is Executed
if...elseif..else statement An if statement followed by one or more ElseIf
Statements, that consists of Boolean expressions and then followed by an
optional else statement, which executes when all the condition becomes false.
nested if statements An if or elseif statement inside another if or elseif
statement(s). switch statement A switch statement allows a variable to be tested
for equality against a list of values.
VBSCRIPT - LOOPS
There may be a situation when you need to execute a block of code several number
of times. In general, statements are executed sequentially: The first statement
in a function is executed first, followed by the second, and so on.
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow more
complicated execution paths. A loop statement allows us to execute a statement
or group of statements multiple times and following is the general from of a
loop statement in VBScript.
VBScript provides the following types of loops to handle looping requirements.
Click the following links to check their detail.
Loop Type Description for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times
and abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable. for ..each loop It is
executed if there is at least one element in group and reiterated for each
element in a group. while..wend loop It tests the condition before executing the
loop body. do..while loops The do..While statements will be executed as long as
condition is True.(i.e.,) The Loop should be repeated till the condition is
False. do..until loops The do..Until statements will be executed as long as
condition is False.(i.e.,) The Loop should be repeated till the condition is
True.
LOOP CONTROL STATEMENTS
Loop control statements change execution from its normal sequence. When
execution leaves a scope, all the remaining statements in the loop are NOT
executed.
VBScript supports the following control statements. Click the following links to
check their detail.
Control Statement Description Exit For statement Terminates the For loop
statement and transfers execution to the statement immediately following the
loop Exit Do statement Terminates the Do While statement and transfers execution
to the statement immediately following the loop
VBSCRIPT - EVENTS
WHAT IS AN EVENT ?
VBScript's interaction with HTML is handled through events that occur when the
user or browser manipulates a page. When the page loads, that is an event. When
the user clicks a button, that click too is an event. Other examples of events
include pressing any key, closing window, resizing window, etc. Developers can
use these events to execute VBScript coded responses, which cause buttons to
close windows, messages to be displayed to users, data to be validated, and
virtually any other type of response imaginable to occur.
Events are a part of the Document Object Model (DOM) and every HTML element has
a certain set of events, which can trigger VBScript Code. Please go through this
small tutorial for a better understanding HTML Event Reference. Here, we will
see few examples to understand a relation between Event and VBScript.
ONCLICK EVENT TYPE
This is the most frequently used event type, which occurs when a user clicks
mouse's left button. You can put your validation, warning, etc., against this
event type.
EXAMPLE
<html>
<head>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function sayHello()
msgbox "Hello World"
End Function
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello"/>
</body>
</html>
It will produce the following result, and when you click the Hello button, the
onclick event will occur which will trigger sayHello() function.
ONSUBMIT EVENT TYPE
Another most important event type is onsubmit. This event occurs when you try to
submit a form. So you can put your form validation against this event type. The
Form is submitted by clicking on Submit button, the message box appears.
The Form is submitted by clicking on Submit button, the message box appears.
EXAMPLE
<html>
<head> </head>
<body>
<script language = "VBScript">
Function fnSubmit()
Msgbox("Hello Tutorialspoint.Com")
End Function
</script>
<form action = "/cgi-bin/test.cgi" method = "post" name = "form1" onSubmit = "fnSubmit()">
<input name = "txt1" type = "text"><br>
<input name = "btnButton1" type = "submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
ONMOUSEOVER AND ONMOUSEOUT
These two event types will help you to create nice effects with images or even
with text as well. The onmouseover event occurs when you bring your mouse over
any element and the onmouseout occurs when you take your mouse out from that
element.
EXAMPLE
<html>
<head> </head>
<body>
<script language = "VBScript">
Function AlertMsg
Msgbox("ALERT !")
End Function
Function onmourse_over()
Msgbox("Onmouse Over")
End Function
Sub txt2_OnMouseOut()
Msgbox("Onmouse Out !!!")
End Sub
Sub btnButton_OnMouseOut()
Msgbox("onmouse out on Button !")
End Sub
</script>
<form action = "page.cgi" method = "post" name = "form1">
<input name = "txt1" type = "text" OnMouseOut = "AlertMsg()"><br>
<input name = "txt2" type = "text" OnMouseOver = "onmourse_over()">
<br><input name = "btnButton" type = "button" value = "Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
It will produce a result when you hover the mouse over the text box and also
when you move the focus away from the text box and the button.
HTML 4 STANDARD EVENTS
The standard HTML 4 events are listed here for your reference. Here, script
indicates a VBScript function to be executed against that event.
Event Value Description onchange script Script runs when the element changes
onsubmit script Script runs when the form is submitted onreset script Script
runs when the form is reset onblur script Script runs when the element loses
focus onfocus script Script runs when the element gets focus onkeydown script
Script runs when key is pressed onkeypress script Script runs when key is
pressed and released onkeyup script Script runs when key is released onclick
script Script runs when a mouse click ondblclick script Script runs when a mouse
double-click onmousedown script Script runs when mouse button is pressed
onmousemove script Script runs when mouse pointer moves onmouseout script Script
runs when mouse pointer moves out of an element onmouseover script Script runs
when mouse pointer moves over an element onmouseup script Script runs when mouse
button is released
VBSCRIPT AND COOKIES
WHAT ARE COOKIES?
Web Browsers and Servers use HTTP protocol to communicate and HTTP is a
stateless protocol. But for a commercial website, it is required to maintain
session information among different pages. For example, one user registration
ends after completing many pages. But how to maintain user's session information
across all the web pages. In many situations, using cookies is the most
efficient method of remembering and tracking preferences, purchases, commissions
and other information required for better visitor experience or site statistics.
HOW IT WORKS?
Your server sends some data to the visitor's browser in the form of a cookie.
The browser may accept the cookie. If it does, it is stored as a plain text
record on the visitor's hard drive. Now, when the visitor arrives at another
page on your site, the browser sends the same cookie to the server for
retrieval. Once retrieved, your server knows/remembers what was stored earlier.
Cookies are a plain text data record of 5 variable-length fields −
* Expires − The date the cookie will expire. If this is blank, the cookie will
expire when the visitor quits the browser.
* Domain − The domain name of your site.
* Path − The path to the directory or web page that set the cookie. This may be
blank if you want to retrieve the cookie from any directory or page.
* Secure − If this field contains the word "secure", then the cookie may only
be retrieved with a secure server. If this field is blank, no such
restriction exists.
* Name=Value − Cookies are set and retrieved in the form of key and value
pairs.
Cookies were originally designed for CGI programming and cookies' data is
automatically transmitted between the web browser and web server, so CGI scripts
on the server can read and write cookie values that are stored on the client.
VBScript can also manipulate cookies using the cookie property of the Document
object. VBScript can read, create, modify and delete the cookie or cookies that
apply to the current web page.
STORING COOKIES
The simplest way to create a cookie is to assign a string value to the
document.cookie object, which looks like this −
SYNTAX
document.cookie = "key1 = value1;key2 = value2;expires = date"
Here expires attribute is optional. If you provide this attribute with a valid
date or time, then cookie will expire at the given date or time and after that
cookies' value will not be accessible.
EXAMPLE
Following is the example to set a customer name in input cookie.
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
Function WriteCookie
If document.myform.customer.value = "" Then
msgbox "Enter some value!"
Else
cookievalue = (document.myform.customer.value)
document.cookie = "name = " + cookievalue
msgbox "Setting Cookies : " & "name = " & cookievalue
End If
End Function
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name = "myform" action = "">
Enter name: <input type = "text" name = "customer"/>
<input type = "button" value = "Set Cookie" onclick = "WriteCookie()"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
It will produce the following result. Now enter something in the textbox and
press the button "Set Cookie" to set the cookies.
Enter name:
Now, your system has a cookie called name. You can set multiple cookies using
multiple key = value pairs separated by comma. You will learn how to read this
cookie in next section.
READING COOKIES
Reading a cookie is just as simple as writing one, because the value of the
document.cookie object is the cookie. So, you can use this string whenever you
want to access the cookie. The document.cookie string will keep a list of name =
value pairs separated by semicolons where name is the name of a cookie and value
is its string value. You can use strings' split() function to break the string
into key and values as follows −
EXAMPLE
Following is the example to get the cookies set in the previous section −
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
Function ReadCookie
allcookies = document.cookie
msgbox "All Cookies : " + allcookies
cookiearray = split(allcookies,";")
For i = 0 to ubound(cookiearray)
Name = Split(cookiearray(i),"=")
Msgbox "Key is : " + Name(0) + " and Value is : " + Name(1)
Next
End Function
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name = "myform" action = "">
<input type = "button" value = "Get Cookie" onclick = "ReadCookie()"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Note − Here, UBound is a method of Array class, which returns the length of an
array. We will discuss Arrays in a separate chapter; until that time, please try
to digest it.
It will produce the following result. Now, press the button "Get Cookie" to see
the cookies, which you have set in previous section.
Note − There may be some other cookies already set on your machine. So, above
code will show you all the cookies set at your machine.
SETTING THE COOKIES EXPIRATION DATE
You can extend the life of a cookie beyond the current browser session by
setting an expiration date and saving the expiration date within the cookie.
This can be done by setting the expires attribute to a date and time.
EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates how to set cookie expiration date after 1
Month −
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
Function WriteCookie()
x = now()
y = dateadd("m",1,now()) ' Making it to expire next
cookievalue = document.myform.customer.value
document.cookie = "name = " & cookievalue
document.cookie = "expires = " & y
msgbox("Setting Cookies : " & "name=" & cookievalue )
End Function
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name = "myform" action = "">
Enter name: <input type = "text" name = "customer"/>
<input type = "button" value = "Set Cookie" onclick = "WriteCookie()"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
DELETING A COOKIE
Sometimes, you will want to delete a cookie so that subsequent attempts to read
the cookie return nothing. To do this, you just need to set the expiration date
to a time in the past.
EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates how to delete a cookie by setting its
expiration date 1 Month in the past −
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/vbscript">
Function WriteCookie()
x = now()
x = now()
a = Month(x)-1
b = day(x)
c = year(x)
d = DateSerial(c,a,b)
e = hour(x)
msgbox e
f = minute(x)
msgbox f
d = cdate(d & " " & e & ":" & f)
msgbox d
cookievalue = document.myform.customer.value
document.cookie = "name = " & cookievalue
document.cookie = "expires = " & d
msgbox("Setting Cookies : " & "name=" & cookievalue )
End Function
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name = "myform" action = "">
Enter name: <input type = "text" name = "customer"/>
<input type = "button" value = "Set Cookie" onclick = "WriteCookie()"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
VBSCRIPT - NUMBERS
Number functions help the developers to handle numbers in an efficient way and
also helps them to convert their subtypes. It also helps them to make use of the
inbuilt mathematical functions associated with VBScript.
NUMBER CONVERSION FUNCTIONS
Number functions help us to convert a given number from one data subtype to
another data subtype.
Show Examples
Sr.No Function & Description 1
CDbl
A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to double
2
CInt
A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to Integer
3
CLng
A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to Long
4
CSng
A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to Single
5
Hex
A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to Hexadecimal
NUMBER FORMATTING FUNCTIONS
The Number formatting functions help the developers to express the given number
in a format that they wish to.
Show Examples
Sr.No Function & Description 1
FormatNumber
A Function, which would return an expression formatted as a number
2
FormatPercent
A Function, which would return an expression formatted as a percentage
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
Mathematical Functions help us to evaluate the mathematical and trigonometrical
functions of a given input number.
Show Examples
Sr.No Function & Description 1
Int
A Function, which returns the integer part of the given number
2
Fix
A Function, which returns the integer part of the given number
3
Log
A Function, which returns the natural logarithm of the given number. Negative
numbers disallowed
4
Oct
A Function, which returns the Octal value of the given number.
5
Hex
A Function, which returns the Hexadecimal value of the given number
6
Rnd
A Function, which returns a random number between 0 and 1
7
Sgn
A Function, which returns a number corresponding to the sign of the specified
number
8
Sqr
A Function, which returns the square root of the given number. Negative numbers
disallowed
9
Abs
A Function, which returns the absolute value of the given number
10
Exp
A Function, which returns the value of e raised to the specified number
11
Sin
A Function, which returns sine value of the given number
12
Cos
A Function, which returns cosine value of the given number
13
Tan
A Function, which returns tan value of the given number
VBSCRIPT - STRINGS
Strings are a sequence of characters, which can consist of alphabets or numbers
or special characters or all of them. A variable is said to be a string if it is
enclosed within double quotes " ".
SYNTAX
variablename = "string"
EXAMPLES
str1 = "string" ' Only Alphabets
str2 = "132.45" ' Only Numbers
str3 = "!@#$;*" ' Only Special Characters
Str4 = "Asc23@#" ' Has all the above
STRING FUNCTIONS
There are predefined VBScript String functions, which help the developers to
work with the strings very effectively. Below are String methods that are
supported in VBScript. Please click on each one of the methods to know in
detail.
Function Name Description InStr Returns the first occurrence of the specified
substring. Search happens from left to right. InstrRev Returns the first
occurrence of the specified substring. Search happens from Right to Left. Lcase
Returns the lower case of the specified string. Ucase Returns the Upper case of
the specified string. Left Returns a specific number of characters from the left
side of the string. Right Returns a specific number of characters from the Right
side of the string. Mid Returns a specific number of characters from a string
based on the specified parameters. Ltrim Returns a string after removing the
spaces on the left side of the specified string. Rtrim Returns a string after
removing the spaces on the right side of the specified string. Trim Returns a
string value after removing both leading and trailing blank spaces. Len Returns
the length of the given string. Replace Returns a string after replacing a
string with another string. Space Fills a string with the specified number of
spaces. StrComp Returns an integer value after comparing the two specified
strings. String Returns a String with a specified character the specified number
of times. StrReverse Returns a String after reversing the sequece of the
characters of the given string.
VBSCRIPT - ARRAYS
WHAT IS AN ARRAY?
We know very well that a variable is a container to store a value. Sometimes,
developers are in a position to hold more than one value in a single variable at
a time. When a series of values is stored in a single variable, then it is known
as an array variable.
ARRAY DECLARATION
Arrays are declared the same way a variable has been declared except that the
declaration of an array variable uses parenthesis. In the following example, the
size of the array is mentioned in the brackets.
'Method 1 : Using Dim
Dim arr1() 'Without Size
'Method 2 : Mentioning the Size
Dim arr2(5) 'Declared with size of 5
'Method 3 : using 'Array' Parameter
Dim arr3
arr3 = Array("apple","Orange","Grapes")
* Although, the Array size is indicated as 5, it can hold 6 values as array
index starts from ZERO.
* Array Index Cannot be Negative.
* VBScript Arrays can store any type of variable in an array. Hence, an array
can store an integer, string or characters in a single array variable.
ASSIGNING VALUES TO AN ARRAY
The values are assigned to the array by specifying array index value against
each one of the values to be assigned. It can be a string.
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim arr(5)
arr(0) = "1" 'Number as String
arr(1) = "VBScript" 'String
arr(2) = 100 'Number
arr(3) = 2.45 'Decimal Number
arr(4) = #10/07/2013# 'Date
arr(5) = #12.45 PM# 'Time
document.write("Value stored in Array index 0 : " & arr(0) & "<br />")
document.write("Value stored in Array index 1 : " & arr(1) & "<br />")
document.write("Value stored in Array index 2 : " & arr(2) & "<br />")
document.write("Value stored in Array index 3 : " & arr(3) & "<br />")
document.write("Value stored in Array index 4 : " & arr(4) & "<br />")
document.write("Value stored in Array index 5 : " & arr(5) & "<br />")
</script>
</body>
</html>
When the above code is saved as .HTML and executed in Internet Explorer, it
produces the following result −
Value stored in Array index 0 : 1
Value stored in Array index 1 : VBScript
Value stored in Array index 2 : 100
Value stored in Array index 3 : 2.45
Value stored in Array index 4 : 7/10/2013
Value stored in Array index 5 : 12:45:00 PM
MULTI DIMENSION ARRAYS
Arrays are not just limited to single dimension and can have a maximum of 60
dimensions. Two-dimension arrays are the most commonly used ones.
EXAMPLE
In the following example, a multi-dimension array is declared with 3 rows and 4
columns.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim arr(2,3) ' Which has 3 rows and 4 columns
arr(0,0) = "Apple"
arr(0,1) = "Orange"
arr(0,2) = "Grapes"
arr(0,3) = "pineapple"
arr(1,0) = "cucumber"
arr(1,1) = "beans"
arr(1,2) = "carrot"
arr(1,3) = "tomato"
arr(2,0) = "potato"
arr(2,1) = "sandwitch"
arr(2,2) = "coffee"
arr(2,3) = "nuts"
document.write("Value in Array index 0,1 : " & arr(0,1) & "<br />")
document.write("Value in Array index 2,2 : " & arr(2,2) & "<br />")
</script>
</body>
</html>
When the above code is saved as .HTML and executed in Internet Explorer, it
produces the following result −
Value stored in Array index : 0 , 1 : Orange
Value stored in Array index : 2 , 2 : coffee
REDIM STATEMENT
ReDim Statement is used to declare dynamic-array variables and allocate or
reallocate storage space.
ReDim [Preserve] varname(subscripts) [, varname(subscripts)]
* Preserve − An Optional parameter used to preserve the data in an existing
array when you change the size of the last dimension.
* varname − A Required parameter, which denotes Name of the variable, which
should follow the standard variable naming conventions.
* subscripts − A Required parameter, which indicates the size of the array.
EXAMPLE
In the below example, an array has been redefined and then preserved the values
when the existing size of the array is changed.
Note − Upon resizing an array smaller than it was originally, the data in the
eliminated elements will be lost.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim a()
i = 0
redim a(5)
a(0) = "XYZ"
a(1) = 41.25
a(2) = 22
REDIM PRESERVE a(7)
For i = 3 to 7
a(i) = i
Next
'to Fetch the output
For i = 0 to ubound(a)
Msgbox a(i)
Next
</script>
</body>
</html>
When we save the above script as HTML and execute it in Internet Explorer, it
produces the following result.
XYZ
41.25
22
3
4
5
6
7
ARRAY METHODS
There are various inbuilt functions within VBScript which help the developers to
handle arrays effectively. All the methods that are used in conjunction with
arrays are listed below. Please click on the method name to know in detail.
Function Description LBound A Function, which returns an integer that
corresponds to the smallest subscript of the given arrays. UBound A Function,
which returns an integer that corresponds to the Largest subscript of the given
arrays. Split A Function, which returns an array that contains a specified
number of values. Splitted based on a Delimiter. Join A Function, which returns
a String that contains a specified number of substrings in an array. This is an
exact opposite function of Split Method. Filter A Function, which returns a zero
based array that contains a subset of a string array based on a specific filter
criteria. IsArray A Function, which returns a boolean value that indicates
whether or not the input variable is an array. Erase A Function, which recovers
the allocated memory for the array variables.
VBSCRIPT - DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
VBScript Date and Time Functions help the developers to convert date and time
from one format to another or to express the date or time value in the format
that suits a specific condition.
DATE FUNCTIONS
Function Description Date A Function, which returns the current system date
CDate A Function, which converts a given input to Date DateAdd A Function, which
returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added DateDiff A
Function, which returns the difference between two time period DatePart A
Function, which returns a specified part of the given input date value
DateSerial A Function, which returns a valid date for the given year,month and
date FormatDateTime A Function, which formats the date based on the supplied
parameters IsDate A Function, which returns a Boolean Value whether or not the
supplied parameter is a date Day A Function, which returns an integer between 1
and 31 that represents the day of the specified Date Month A Function, which
returns an integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month of the specified
Date Year A Function, which returns an integer that represents the year of the
specified Date MonthName A Function, which returns Name of the particular month
for the specified date WeekDay A Function, which returns an integer(1 to 7) that
represents the day of the week for the specified day. WeekDayName A Function,
which returns the weekday name for the specified day.
TIME FUNCTIONS
Function Description Now A Function, which returns the current system date and
Time Hour A Function, which returns and integer between 0 and 23 that represents
the Hour part of the the given time Minute A Function, which returns and integer
between 0 and 59 that represents the Minutes part of the the given time Second A
Function, which returns and integer between 0 and 59 that represents the Seconds
part of the the given time Time A Function, which returns the current system
time Timer A Function, which returns the number of seconds and milliseconds
since 12:00 AM TimeSerial A Function, which returns the time for the specific
input of hour,minute and second TimeValue A Function, which converts the input
string to a time format
VBSCRIPT - PROCEDURES
WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
A function is a group of reusable code which can be called anywhere in your
program. This eliminates the need of writing same code over and over again. This
will enable programmers to divide a big program into a number of small and
manageable functions. Apart from inbuilt Functions, VBScript allows us to write
user-defined functions as well. This section will explain you how to write your
own functions in VBScript.
FUNCTION DEFINITION
Before we use a function, we need to define that particular function. The most
common way to define a function in VBScript is by using the Function keyword,
followed by a unique function name and it may or may not carry a list of
parameters and a statement with an End Function keyword, which indicates the end
of the function.
The basic syntax is shown below −
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function Functionname(parameter-list)
statement 1
statement 2
statement 3
.......
statement n
End Function
</script>
</body>
</html>
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function sayHello()
msgbox("Hello there")
End Function
</script>
</body>
</html>
CALLING A FUNCTION
To invoke a function somewhere later in the script, you would simple need to
write the name of that function with the Call keyword.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function sayHello()
msgbox("Hello there")
End Function
Call sayHello()
</script>
</body>
</html>
FUNCTION PARAMETERS
Till now, we have seen function without a parameter, but there is a facility to
pass different parameters while calling a function. These passed parameters can
be captured inside the function and any manipulation can be done over those
parameters. The Functions are called using the Call Keyword.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function sayHello(name, age)
msgbox( name & " is " & age & " years old.")
End Function
Call sayHello("Tutorials point", 7)
</script>
</body>
</html>
RETURNING A VALUE FROM A FUNCTION
A VBScript function can have an optional return statement. This is required if
you want to return a value from a function. For example, you can pass two
numbers in a function and then you can expect from the function to return their
multiplication in your calling program.
NOTE − A function can return multiple values separated by comma as an array
assigned to the function name itself.
EXAMPLE
This function takes two parameters and concatenates them and returns result in
the calling program. In VBScript, the values are returned from a function using
function name. In case if you want to return two or more values, then the
function name is returned with an array of values. In the calling program, the
result is stored in the result variable.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function concatenate(first, last)
Dim full
full = first & last
concatenate = full 'Returning the result to the function name itself
End Function
</script>
</body>
</html>
Now, we can call this function as follows −
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Function concatenate(first, last)
Dim full
full = first & last
concatenate = full 'Returning the result to the function name itself
End Function
' Here is the usage of returning value from function.
dim result
result = concatenate("Zara", "Ali")
msgbox(result)
</script>
</body>
</html>
SUB PROCEDURES
Sub-Procedures are similar to functions but there are few differences.
* Sub-procedures DONOT Return a value while functions may or may not return a
value.
* Sub-procedures Can be called without call keyword.
* Sub-procedures are always enclosed within Sub and End Sub statements.
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Sub sayHello()
msgbox("Hello there")
End Sub
</script>
</body>
</html>
CALLING PROCEDURES
To invoke a Procedure somewhere later in the script, you would simply need to
write the name of that procedure with or without the Call keyword.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Sub sayHello()
msgbox("Hello there")
End Sub
sayHello()
</script>
</body>
</html>
ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR FUNCTIONS
There is lot to learn about VBScript functions. We can pass the parameter
byvalue or byreference. Please click on each one of them to know more.
* ByVal- Pass the parameters by value
* ByRef- Pass the parameters by the reference
VBSCRIPT - DIALOG BOXES
WHAT IS A DIALOG BOX ?
VBScript allows the developers to interact with the user effectively. It can be
a message box to display a message to a user or an input box with which user can
enter the values.
VBSCRIPT MSGBOX FUNCTION
The MsgBox function displays a message box and waits for the user to click a
button and then an action is performed based on the button clicked by the user.
SYNTAX
MsgBox(prompt[,buttons][,title][,helpfile,context])
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
* Prompt − A Required Parameter. A String that is displayed as a message in the
dialog box. The maximum length of prompt is approximately 1024 characters. If
the message extends to more than a line, then we can separate the lines using
a carriage return character (Chr(13)) or a linefeed character (Chr(10))
between each line.
* buttons − An Optional Parameter. A Numeric expression that specifies the type
of buttons to display, the icon style to use, the identity of the default
button, and the modality of the message box. If left blank, the default value
for buttons is 0.
* Title − An Optional Parameter. A String expression displayed in the title bar
of the dialog box. If the title is left blank, the application name is placed
in the title bar.
* helpfile − An Optional Parameter. A String expression that identifies the
Help file to use to provide context-sensitive help for the dialog box.
* context − An Optional Parameter. A Numeric expression that identifies the
Help context number assigned by the Help author to the appropriate Help
topic. If context is provided, helpfile must also be provided.
The Buttons parameter can take any of the following values −
* 0 vbOKOnly Displays OK button only.
* 1 vbOKCancel Displays OK and Cancel buttons.
* 2 vbAbortRetryIgnore Displays Abort, Retry, and Ignore buttons.
* 3 vbYesNoCancel Displays Yes, No, and Cancel buttons.
* 4 vbYesNo Displays Yes and No buttons.
* 5 vbRetryCancel Displays Retry and Cancel buttons.
* 16 vbCritical Displays Critical Message icon.
* 32 vbQuestion Displays Warning Query icon.
* 48 vbExclamation Displays Warning Message icon.
* 64 vbInformation Displays Information Message icon.
* 0 vbDefaultButton1 First button is default.
* 256 vbDefaultButton2 Second button is default.
* 512 vbDefaultButton3 Third button is default.
* 768 vbDefaultButton4 Fourth button is default.
* 0 vbApplicationModal Application modal. The current application will not work
until the user responds to the message box.
* 4096 vbSystemModal System modal. All applications will not work until the
user responds to the message box.
The above values are logically divided into four groups: The first group(0 to 5)
indicates the buttons to be displayed in the message box. The second group (16,
32, 48, 64) describes the sytle of the icon to be displayed, the third group (0,
256, 512, 768) indicates which button must be the default, and the fourth group
(0, 4096) determines the modality of the message box.
RETURN VALUES
The MsgBox function can return one of the following values −
* 1 - vbOK - OK was clicked
* 2 - vbCancel - Cancel was clicked
* 3 - vbAbort - Abort was clicked
* 4 - vbRetry - Retry was clicked
* 5 - vbIgnore - Ignore was clicked
* 6 - vbYes - Yes was clicked
* 7 - vbNo - No was clicked
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
'Message Box with just prompt message
MsgBox("Welcome")
'Message Box with title, yes no and cancel Butttons
a = MsgBox("Do you like blue color?",3,"Choose options")
' Assume that you press No Button
document.write("The Value of a is " & a)
</script>
</body>
</html>
When the above script is executed, the message box is displayed, and if you
press No Button, then the value of a is 7.
The Value of a is 7
VBSCRIPT INPUTBOX FUNCTION
The InputBox function helps the user to get the values from the user. After
entering the values, if the user clicks the OK button or presses ENTER on the
keyboard, the InputBox function will return the text in the text box. If the
user clicks on the Cancel button, the function will return an empty string ("").
SYNTAX
InputBox(prompt[,title][,default][,xpos][,ypos][,helpfile,context])
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
* Prompt − A Required Parameter. A String that is displayed as a message in the
dialog box. The maximum length of prompt is approximately 1024 characters. If
the message extends to more than a line, then we can separate the lines using
a carriage return character (Chr(13)) or a linefeed character (Chr(10))
between each line.
* Title − An Optional Parameter. A String expression displayed in the title bar
of the dialog box. If the title is left blank, the application name is placed
in the title bar.
* Default − An Optional Parameter. A default text in the text box that the user
would like to be displayed.
* XPos − An Optional Parameter. The Position of X axis which represents the
prompt distance from left side of the screen horizontally. If left blank, the
input box is horizontally centered.
* YPos − An Optional Parameter. The Position of Y axis which represents the
prompt distance from left side of the screen Vertically. If left blank, the
input box is Vertically centered.
* helpfile − An Optional Parameter. A String expression that identifies the
Help file to use to provide context-sensitive Help for the dialog box.
* context − An Optional Parameter. A Numeric expression that identifies the
Help context number assigned by the Help author to the appropriate Help
topic. If context is provided, helpfile must also be provided.
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
' Input Box with only Prompt
InputBox("Enter a number")
' Input Box with a Title
a = InputBox("Enter a Number","Enter Value")
msgbox a
' Input Box with a Prompt,Title and Default value
a = InputBox("Enter a Number","Enter Value",123)
msgbox a
' Input Box with a Prompt,Title,Default and XPos
a = InputBox("Enter your name","Enter Value",123,700)
msgbox a
' Input Box with a Prompt,Title and Default and YPos
a = InputBox("Enter your name","Enter Value",123,,500)
msgbox a
</script>
</body>
</html>
When the above script is executed, the input box is displayed and displays the
entered value by the user.
OBJECT ORIENTED VBSCRIPT
WHAT IS AN OBJECT
VBScript runtime objects help us to accomplish various tasks. This section will
help you understand how to instantiate an object and work with it.
SYNTAX
In order to work with objects seamlessly, we need to declare the object and
instantiate it using Set Keyword.
Dim objectname 'Declare the object name
Set objectname = CreateObject(object_type)
EXAMPLE
In the below example, we are creating an object of type Scripting.Dictionary.
Dim obj
Set obj = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
DESTROYING THE OBJECTS
The significance of destroying the Object is to free the memory and reset the
object variable.
SYNTAX
In order to destroy the objects, we need to use Set Keyword followed by the
object name and point it to Nothing.
Set objectname = Nothing 'Destroy the object.
EXAMPLE
In the below example, we are creating an object of type Scripting.Dictionary.
Dim obj
Set obj = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Set obj = Nothing.
OBJECT USAGE
Please click on each one of the given object types to know more.
Object Type Description Class Class is a container, which holds methods and
variables associated with it and accessed by creating an object of Type Class.
Scripting.FileSystemObject It is the group of objects with which we can work
with file system. Scripting.Dictionary A Group of objects, which are used for
creating the dictionary objects. Debug A Global Object with which we can send
output to the Microsoft script debugger.
VBSCRIPT - REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
Regular Expressions is a sequence of characters that forms a pattern, which is
mainly used for search and replace. The purpose of creating a pattern is to
match specific strings, so that the developer can extract characters based on
conditions and replace certain characters.
REGEXP OBJECT
RegExp object helps the developers to match the pattern of strings and the
properties and methods help us to work with Regular Expressions easily. It is
similar to RegExp in JavaScript
PROPERTIES
* Pattern − The Pattern method represents a string that is used to define the
regular expression and it should be set before using the regular expression
object.
* IgnoreCase − A Boolean property that represents if the regular expression
should be tested against all possible matches in a string if true or false.
If not specified explicitly, IgnoreCase value is set to False.
* Global − A Boolean property that represents if the regular expression should
be tested against all possible matches in a string. If not specified
explicitly, Global value is set to False.
METHODS
* Test(search-string) − The Test method takes a string as its argument and
returns True if the regular expression can successfully be matched against
the string, otherwise False is returned.
* Replace(search-string, replace-string) − The Replace method takes 2
parameters. If the search is successful then it replaces that match with the
replace-string, and the new string is returned. If there are no matches then
the original search-string is returned.
* Execute(search-string) − The Execute method works like Replace, except that
it returns a Matches collection object, containing a Match object for each
successful match. It doesn't modify the original string.
MATCHES COLLECTION OBJECT
The Matches collection object is returned as a result of the Execute method.
This collection object can contain zero or more Match objects and the properties
of this object are read-only.
* Count − The Count method represents the number of match objects in the
collection.
* Item − The Item method enables the match objects to be accessed from matches
collections object.
MATCH OBJECT
The Match object is contained within the matches collection object. These
objects represent the successful match after the search for a string.
* FirstIndex − It represents the position within the original string where the
match occurred. This index are zero-based which means that the first position
in a string is 0.
* Length − A value that represents the total length of the matched string.
* Value − A value that represents the matched value or text. It is also the
default value when accessing the Match object.
ALL ABOUT PATTERN PARAMETER
The pattern building is similar to PERL. Pattern building is the most important
thing while working with Regular Expressions. In this section, we will deal with
how to create a pattern based on various factors.
POSITION MATCHING
The significance of position matching is to ensure that we place the regular
expressions at the correct places.
Symbol Description ^ Matches only the beginning of a string. $ Match only the
end of a string. \b Matches any word boundary \B Matches any non-word boundary
LITERALS MATCHING
Any form of characters such as alphabet, number or special character or even
decimal, hexadecimal can be treated as a Literal. Since few of the characters
have already got a special meaning within the context of Regular Expression, we
need to escape them using escape sequences.
Symbol Description Alphanumeric Matches alphabetical and numerical characters
only. \n Matches a new line. \[ Matches [ literal only \] Matches ] literal only
\( Matches ( literal only \) Matches ) literal only \t Matches horizontal tab \v
Matches vertical tab \| Matches | literal only \{ Matches { literal only \}
Matches } literal only \\ Matches \ literal only \? Matches ? literal only \*
Matches * literal only \+ Matches + literal only \. Matches . literal only \b
Matches any word boundary \B Matches any non-word boundary \f Matches a form
feed \r Matches carriage return \xxx Matches the ASCII character of an octal
number xxx. \xdd Matches the ASCII character of an hexadecimal number dd. \uxxxx
Matches the ASCII character of an UNICODE literal xxxx.
CHARACTER CLASSES MATCHING
The character classes are the Pattern formed by customized grouping and enclosed
within [ ] braces. If we are expecting a character class that should not be in
the list, then we should ignore that particular character class using the
negative symbol, which is a cap ^.
Symbol Description [xyz] Match any of the character class enclosed within the
character set. [^xyz] Matches any of the character class that are NOT enclosed
within the character set. . Matches any character class except \n \w Match any
word character class. Equivalent to [a-zA-Z_0-9] \W Match any non-word character
class. Equivalent to [^a-zA-Z_0-9] \d Match any digit class. Equivalent to
[0-9]. \D Match any non-digit character class. Equivalent to [^0-9]. \s Match
any space character class. Equivalent to [ \t\r\n\v\f] \S Match any space
character class. Equivalent to [^\t\r\n\v\f]
REPETITION MATCHING
Repetition matching allows multiple searches within the regular expression. It
also specifies the number of times an element is repeated in a Regular
Expression.
Symbol Description * Matches zero or more occurrences of the given regular
Expression. Equivalent to {0,}. + Matches one or more occurrences of the given
regular Expression. Equivalent to {1,}. ? Matches zero or one occurrences of the
given regular Expression. Equivalent to {0,1}. {x} Matches exactly x number of
occurrences of the given regular expression. {x,} Match atleast x or more
occurrences of the given regular expression. {x,y} Matches x to y number of
occurences of the given regular expression.
ALTERNATION & GROUPING
Alternation and grouping helps developers to create more complex Regular
Expressions in particularly handling intricate clauses within a Regular
Expression which gives a great flexibility and control.
Symbol Description 0 Grouping a clause to create a clause. "(xy)?(z)" matches
"xyz" or "z". | Alternation combines one regular expression clause and then
matches any of the individual clauses. "(ij)|(23)|(pq)" matches "ij" or "23" or
"pq".
BUILDING REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
Given below are a few examples that clearly explain how to build a Regular
Expression.
Regular Expression Description "^\s*.." and "..\s*$" Represents that there can
be any number of leading and trailing space characters in a single line.
"((\$\s?)|(#\s?))?" Represents an optional $ or # sign followed by an optional
space. "((\d+(\.(\d\d)?)?))" Represents that at least one digit is present
followed by an optional decimals and two digits after decimals.
EXAMPLE
The below example checks whether or not the user entered an email id whose
format should match such that there is an email id followed by '@' and then
followed by domain name.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
strid = "welcome.user@tutorialspoint.co.us"
Set re = New RegExp
With re
.Pattern = "^[\w-\.]{1,}\@([\da-zA-Z-]{1,}\.){1,}[\da-zA-Z-]{2,3}$"
.IgnoreCase = False
.Global = False
End With
' Test method returns TRUE if a match is found
If re.Test( strid ) Then
Document.write(strid & " is a valid e-mail address")
Else
Document.write(strid & " is NOT a valid e-mail address")
End If
Set re = Nothing
</script>
</body>
</html>
VBSCRIPT - ERROR HANDLING
There are three types of errors in programming: (a) Syntax Errors, (b) Runtime
Errors, and (c) Logical Errors.
SYNTAX ERRORS
Syntax errors, also called parsing errors, occur at interpretation time for
VBScript. For example, the following line causes a syntax error because it is
missing a closing parenthesis −
<script type = "text/vbscript">
dim x,y
x = "Tutorialspoint"
y = Ucase(x
</script>
RUNTIME ERRORS
Runtime errors, also called exceptions, occur during execution, after
interpretation. For example, the following line causes a runtime error because
here syntax is correct but at runtime it is trying to call fnmultiply, which is
a non-existing function −
<script type = "text/vbscript">
Dim x,y
x = 10
y = 20
z = fnadd(x,y)
a = fnmultiply(x,y)
Function fnadd(x,y)
fnadd = x+y
End Function
</script>
LOGICAL ERRORS
Logic errors can be the most difficult type of errors to track down. These
errors are not the result of a syntax or runtime error. Instead, they occur when
you make a mistake in the logic that drives your script and you do not get the
result you expected. You cannot catch those errors, because it depends on your
business requirement what type of logic you want to put in your program. For
example, dividing a number by zero or a script that is written which enters into
infinite loop.
ERR OBJECT
AAssume if we have a runtime error, then the execution stops by displaying the
error message. As a developer, if we want to capture the error, then Error
Object is used.
EXAMPLE
In the below example, Err.Number gives the error number and Err.Description
gives error description.
<script type = "text/vbscript">
Err.Raise 6 ' Raise an overflow error.
MsgBox "Error # " & CStr(Err.Number) & " " & Err.Description
Err.Clear ' Clear the error.
</script>
VBSCRIPT MISCELLANEOUS STATEMENTS
VBScript has a few other important statements to help developers develop an
efficient script. The following table lists a set of such important statements.
In this chapter, we will discuss each of these statements in detail with
examples.
Category Function Name/Statement Name Options Option Explicit Script Engine ID
ScriptEngine variants IsArray, IsEmpty, IsNull, IsNumeric, IsObject, TypeName
Expression Eval,Execute Control Statement With...End With Math Function
Randomize
OPTION EXPLICIT
Option Explicit forces the developer to declare the variables using Dim
statement before they are used in some part of the code.
SYNTAX
Option Explicit
EXAMPLE
If we use Option Explicit and if we don't declare the variables then the
interpreter will throw and error.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Option Explicit
Dim x,y,z,a
x = 10
y = 20
z = fnadd(x,y)
a = fnmultiply(x,y)
Function fnadd(x,y)
fnadd = x+y
End Function
</script>
</body>
</html>
SCRIPTENGINE
ScriptEngine represents the details of the scripting language in use. It is also
used in combination with ScriptEngineMajorVersion, ScriptEngineMinor Version,
ScriptEngineBuildVersion which gives the major version of the vbscript engine,
minor version the vbscript engine, and the build version of vbscript
respectively.
SYNTAX
ScriptEngine
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim scriptdetails
scriptdetails = " Version " & ScriptEngine & " - "
'For getting Major version, use ScriptEngineMajorVersion'
scriptdetails = scriptdetails & ScriptEngineMajorVersion & "."
'For getting Minor version, use ScriptEngineMinorVersion'
scriptdetails = scriptdetails & ScriptEngineMinorVersion & "."
'For getting Build version, use ScriptEngineBuildVersion'
scriptdetails = scriptdetails & ScriptEngineBuildVersion
Document.write scriptdetails
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE , the
following result is displayed on the screen.
Version VBScript - 5.8.16996
ISEMPTY
The Function IsEmpty is used to check whether or not the expression is empty. It
returns a Boolean value. IsEmpty returns True if the variable is uninitialized
or explicitly set to Empty. Otherwise the expression returns False.
SYNTAX
IsEmpty(expression)
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim var, MyCheck
MyCheck = IsEmpty(var)
Document.write "Line 1 : " & MyCheck & "<br />"
var = Null ' Assign Null.
MyCheck = IsEmpty(var)
Document.write "Line 2 : " & MyCheck & "<br />"
var = Empty ' Assign Empty.
MyCheck = IsEmpty(var)
Document.write "Line 3 : " & MyCheck & "<br />"
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE, the
following result is displayed on the screen.
Line 1 : True
Line 2 : False
Line 3 : True
ISNULL
The Function IsNull is used to check whether or not the expression has a valid
data. It returns a Boolean value. IsNull returns True if the variable is Null
otherwise the expression returns False.
SYNTAX
IsNull(expression)
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim var, res
res = IsNull(var)
document.write "Line 1 : " & res & "<br />"
var = Null
res = IsNull(var)
document.write "Line 2 : " & res & "<br />"
var = Empty
res = IsNull(var)
document.write "Line 3 : " & res & "<br />"
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE, the
following result is displayed on the screen.
Line 1 : False
Line 2 : True
Line 3 : False
ISOBJECT
The IsObject Function is used to check whether or not the expression has a valid
Object. It returns a Boolean value. IsObject returns True if the expression
contains an object subtype otherwise the expression returns False.
SYNTAX
IsObject(expression)
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim fso,b
b = 10
set fso = createobject("Scripting.Filesystemobject")
x = isobject(fso)
Document.write "Line 1 : " & x & "<br />"
y = isobject(b)
Document.write "Line 2 : " & y & "<br />"
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE, the
following result is displayed on the screen.
Line 1 : True
Line 2 : False
ISNUMERIC
The IsNumeric Function is used to check whether or not the expression has a
number subtype. It returns a boolean value. IsObject returns True if the
expression contains an number subtype otherwise the expression returns False.
SYNTAX
IsNumeric(expression)
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim var, chk
var = 20
chk = IsNumeric(var)
Document.write "Line 1 : " & chk & "<br />"
var = "3.1415935745"
chk = IsNumeric(var)
Document.write "Line 2 : " & chk & "<br / >"
var = "20 Chapter 23.123 VBScript"
chk = IsNumeric(var)
Document.write "Line 3 : " & chk & "<br / >"
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE , the
following result is displayed on the screen.
Line 1 : True
Line 2 : True
Line 3 : False
TYPENAME
The TypeName Function is used to return the variant subtype information of the
variable.
SYNTAX
TypeName(varname)
The Typename function can return any of the following values.
* Byte − Byte Value
* Integer − Integer Value
* Long − Long Integer Value
* Single − Single-precision floating-point Value
* Double − Double-precision floating-point Value
* Currency − Currency Value
* Decimal − Decimal Value
* Date − Date or Time Value
* String − Character string Value
* Boolean − Boolean Value
* Empty − Uninitialized Value
* Null − No Valid Data
* Object − typename of Object
* Nothing − Object variable that doesn't yet refer to an object instance
* Error
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim ArrVar(2), vartype
NullVar = Null ' Assign Null value.
vartype = TypeName(3.1450)
Document.write "Line 1 : " & vartype & "<br />"
vartype = TypeName(432)
Document.write "Line 2 : " & vartype & "<br />"
vartype = TypeName("Microsoft")
Document.write "Line 3 : " & vartype & "<br />"
vartype = TypeName(NullVar)
Document.write "Line 4 : " & vartype & "< br />"
vartype = TypeName(ArrVar)
Document.write "Line 5 : " & vartype & "<br />"
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE, the
following result is displayed on the screen.
Line 1 : Double
Line 2 : Integer
Line 3 : String
Line 4 : Null
Line 5 : Variant()
EVAL
The Eval Function executes an expression and returns the result either as a
string or a number.
SYNTAX
Eval(expression)
The argument Expression can be a string expression or a number. If you pass to
the Eval function a string that doesn't contain a numeric expression or a
function name but only a simple text string, a run-time error occurs. For
example, Eval("VBScript") results in an error.
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Document.write Eval("10 + 10") & "<br />"
Document.write Eval("101 = 200") & "<br />"
Document.write Eval("5 * 3") & "<br />"
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE, the
following result is displayed on the screen.
20
false
15
EXECUTE
The Execute statement accepts argument that is a string expression containing
one or more statements for execution.
SYNTAX
Execute(expression)
In VBScript, a = b can be interpreted two ways. It can be treated as an
assignment statement where the value of x is assigned to y. It can also be
interpreted as an expression that tests if a and b have the same value. If they
do, result is True; if they are not, result is False. The Execute statement
always uses the first interpretation while the Eval statement always uses the
second.
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim x
x = "Global"
y = "VBScript"
Execute("x = y")
msgbox x
msgbox y
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the file with .html extension upon executing the script in IE, the
following result is displayed on the screen.
VBScript
VBScript
WITH..END WITH
The With statement allows us to perform a series of operation on a specified
object without explicitly mentioning the object name over again and again.
SYNTAX
With (objectname)
statement 1
statement 2
statement 3
...
...
statement n
End With
EXAMPLE
Upon Executing the following script, Winword gets opened and the specified text
is entered.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Msg = "Vbscript" & vbCrLf & "Programming"
Set objWord = CreateObject("Word.Application")
objWord.Visible = True
' Objects methods are accessed without requaliyfying the objects again.'
With objWord
.Documents.Add
.Selection.TypeText Msg
.Selection.WholeStory
End With
</script>
</body>
</html>
RANDOMIZE
The Randomize statement initializes the random number generator which is helpful
for the developers to generate a random number.
SYNTAX
Randomize [number]
EXAMPLE
Upon Executing the following script, Winword gets opened and the specified text
is entered.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script language = "vbscript" type = "text/vbscript">
Dim MyValue
Randomize
MyValue = Int((100 * Rnd) + 1) ' Generate random value between 1 and 100.
MsgBox MyValue
</script>
</body>
</html>
Save the above script as HTML and upon executing the script in IE, the following
output is shown.
42
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