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Tedros Adhanom
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Health & Medicine Medicine Physicians
Tedros Adhanom Tedros Adhanom, 2015. (more)

TEDROS ADHANOM

Ethiopian biologist and public health official
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Also known as: Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Written by
Kara Rogers
Kara Rogers is the senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopædia
Britannica, where she oversees a range of content from medicine and genetics to
microorganisms. She joined Britannica in 2006 and...

Kara Rogers
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Last Updated: Dec 5, 2024 • Article History
Table of Contents
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Quick Facts
In full: Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Show more)
Born: March 3, 1965, Asmara, Ethiopia [now in Eritrea] (age 59) (Show more)
On the Web: University of Michigan - Office of the President - Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus (Dec. 05, 2024) (Show more)
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Tedros Adhanom (born March 3, 1965, Asmara, Ethiopia [now in Eritrea]) is an
Ethiopian biologist and public health official who was the first African to
serve as director general (2017– ) of the World Health Organization (WHO).
During his tenure with WHO, he worked to accelerate progress against diseases
that affected millions of people each year, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
tuberculosis. He was known in particular for his responses to the 2018–20 Ebola
outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to the COVID-19
(coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, in which he led efforts to establish
transparency and international cooperation to control the spread of disease. The
way in which Tedros worked with governments to secure transparency on disease
was at times controversial; he was criticized in particular for overlooking
affronts to human rights, including censorship and repression, in his efforts to
coax cooperation from authoritarian governments.

Tedros was raised in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, the country’s northernmost
area. The region was heavily affected by civil war during Tedros’s youth, and
diseases such as malaria and measles were prevalent. Tedros studied biology at
the University of Asmara, where he completed a bachelor of science degree in
1986. He then served briefly as a junior public health expert for Ethiopia’s
Ministry of Health before attending the University of London, where he studied
immunology of infectious diseases and in 1992 earned a master’s degree. He
completed his studies in 2002 with a Ph.D. in community health from the
University of Nottingham.

By the time Tedros finished his doctoral studies, he had already been appointed
head of the Tigray Regional Health Bureau. In 2005, after serving as a deputy
health minister, he was promoted to minister of health of Ethiopia. During his
time leading the country’s health system, he implemented reforms and secured
investments that ultimately helped improve health care infrastructure and
broaden health care access for Ethiopians. In 2012 Tedros was appointed as
minister of foreign affairs for Ethiopia. In this position he played an
instrumental role in drafting part of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA), a
framework for advancing Africa’s economic, social, and political progress, and
in coordinating a response to the 2013–16 Ebola outbreak in western Africa.

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In 2017, after being elected director general of WHO, Tedros sought to improve
the organization’s transparency and responsiveness and to bolster its resources.
With global health challenges increasing in complexity, many experts agreed that
WHO needed to overcome its tendency for slow bureaucratic-driven responses to
health crises. In his first years at WHO, Tedros demonstrated an ability to
persuade authoritarian governments to share information on outbreaks, helping
advance international public heath relations. However, his praise for
authoritarian leaders who made progress toward more effective disease
control—and especially his tendency to seemingly ignore the deprivation and harm
that those governments inflicted on their citizens—was a source of controversy.
In particular, Tedros was criticized for his support of disease control measures
implemented by the Chinese government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health
experts noted that China had mismanaged the disease early on, allowing it to
escalate into a global outbreak, and claimed that Tedros did not act soon enough
to prevent its spread out of China.

Kara Rogers

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public health
Table of Contents
* Introduction

* History of public health
* Beginnings in antiquity

* The Middle Ages

* The Renaissance

* National developments in the 18th and 19th centuries

* Developments from 1875

* Modern organizational and administrative patterns
* International organizations

* Developed countries
* Patterns shared among developed countries
* Variations among developed countries

* Developing countries
* Patterns shared among less-developed countries
* Variations among less-developed countries
* Health problems and obstacles
* Education of health personnel

* Progress in public health
* Developed countries
* Increasing interest of national governments
* Changing concepts of preventable disease
* Integration of preventive and medical care services
* Provisions directed toward better mental health
* Growing emphasis on health education
* The biostatistical, epidemiological approach
* Changes resulting from an aging population
* Concern regarding the quality of the environment

* Less-developed countries
* Infectious disease control
* Malnutrition
* Family health
* Health personnel
* Comprehensive community health services
* National health planning

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Health & Medicine Medicine
Polio vaccine A health care worker giving a polio vaccine to a child in Katsina
state, Nigeria, 2014. (more)

PUBLIC HEALTH

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Written by
John H. Bryant
Professor and Chairman, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan
University, Karachi, Pakistan. Author of Health and the Developing World.

John H. Bryant,
Philip Rhodes
Regional Postgraduate Dean of Medical Studies; Professor of Postgraduate Medical
Education, University of Southampton, England, 1980–87. Author of An Outline
History of Medicine and others.

Philip Rhodes•All
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public health, the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and
promoting physical and mental health, sanitation, personal hygiene, control of
infectious diseases, and organization of health services. From the normal human
interactions involved in dealing with the many problems of social life, there
has emerged a recognition of the importance of community action in the promotion
of health and the prevention and treatment of disease, and this is expressed in
the concept of public health.

Comparable terms for public health medicine are social medicine and community
medicine; the latter has been widely adopted in the United Kingdom, and the
practitioners are called community physicians. The practice of public health
draws heavily on medical science and philosophy and concentrates especially on
manipulating and controlling the environment for the benefit of the public. It
is concerned therefore with housing, water supplies, and food. Noxious agents
can be introduced into these through farming, fertilizers, inadequate sewage
disposal and drainage, construction, defective heating and ventilating systems,
machinery, and toxic chemicals. Public health medicine is part of the greater
enterprise of preserving and improving the public health. Community physicians
cooperate with diverse groups, from architects, builders, sanitary and heating
and ventilating engineers, and factory and food inspectors to psychologists and
sociologists, chemists, physicists, and toxicologists. Occupational medicine is
concerned with the health, safety, and welfare of persons in the workplace. It
may be viewed as a specialized part of public health medicine since its aim is
to reduce the risks in the environment in which persons work.

Kabul: Ministry of Public HealthMinistry of Public Health worker administering
water-purifying tablets in Kabul, 2005.(more)

The venture of preserving, maintaining, and actively promoting public health
requires special methods of information-gathering (epidemiology) and corporate
arrangements to act upon significant findings and put them into practice.
Statistics collected by epidemiologists attempt to describe and explain the
occurrence of disease in a population by correlating factors such as diet,
environment, radiation exposure, or cigarette smoking with the incidence and
prevalence of disease. The government, through laws and regulations, creates
agencies to oversee and formally inspect and monitor water supplies, food
processing, sewage treatment, drains, and pollution. Governments also are
concerned with the control of epidemic and pandemic diseases, establishing
guidelines for appropriate medical responses and isolation procedures, and
issuing travel warnings to prevent the spread of disease from affected areas.

Centers for Disease Control and PreventionThe Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) assists public health
partners in responding to disease outbreaks. The EOC played an important role
during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, which affected thousands of people in
the United States in the first months after the disease emerged in China.(more)

Various public health agencies have been established to help control and monitor
disease within societies, on both national and international levels. For
example, the United Kingdom’s Public Health Act of 1848 established a special
public health ministry for England and Wales. In the United States, public
health is studied and coordinated on a national level by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC). Internationally, the World Health Organization
(WHO) plays an equivalent role. WHO is especially important in providing
assistance for the implementation of organizational and administrative methods
of handling problems associated with health and disease in less-developed
countries worldwide. Within these countries, health problems, limitations of
resources, education of health personnel, and other factors must be taken into
account in designing health service systems.

Advances in science and medicine in developed countries, including the
generation of vaccines and antibiotics, have been fundamental in bringing vital
aid to countries afflicted by a high burden of disease. Yet, despite the
expansion of resources and improvements in the mobilization of these resources
to the most severely afflicted areas, the incidence of preventable disease and
of neglected tropical disease remains exceptionally high worldwide. Reducing the
impact and prevalence of these diseases is a major goal of international public
health. The persistence of such diseases in the world, however, serves as an
important indication of the difficulties that health organizations and societies
continue to confront.

HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

A review of the historical development of public health, which began in ancient
times, emphasizes how various public health concepts have evolved. Historical
public health measures included quarantine of leprosy victims in the Middle Ages
and efforts to improve sanitation following the 14th-century plague epidemics.
Population increases in Europe brought with them increased awareness of infant
deaths and a proliferation of hospitals. These developments in turn led to the
establishment of modern public health agencies and organizations, designed to
control disease within communities and to oversee the availability and
distribution of medicines.

BEGINNINGS IN ANTIQUITY

HippocratesHippocrates, undated bust.(more)

Most of the world’s ancient peoples practiced cleanliness and personal hygiene,
often for religious reasons, including, apparently, a wish to be pure in the
eyes of their gods. The Bible, for example, has many adjurations and
prohibitions about clean and unclean living. Religion, law, and custom were
inextricably interwoven. For thousands of years societies looked upon epidemics
as divine judgments on the wickedness of humankind. The idea that pestilence is
due to natural causes, such as climate and physical environment, however,
gradually developed. This great advance in thought took place in Greece during
the 5th and 4th centuries bce and represented the first attempt at a rational,
scientific theory of disease causation. An association between malaria and
swamps, for example, was established very early (503–403 bce), even though the
reasons for the association were obscure. In the book Airs, Waters, and Places,
thought to have been written by Greek physician Hippocrates in the 5th or 4th
century bce, the first systematic attempt was made to set forth a causal
relationship between human diseases and the environment. Until the new sciences
of bacteriology and immunology emerged well into the 19th century, this book
provided a theoretical basis for the comprehension of endemic disease (that
persisting in a particular locality) and epidemic disease (that affecting a
number of people within a relatively short period).

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ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to
build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of
audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or
improvement of user profiles and identifiers.

View details
Consent (73 vendors)Legitimate interest (41 vendors)

USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT CONTENT

Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as
the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type,
or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit
the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).

View details
Consent (12 vendors)Legitimate interest (4 vendors)

ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT AND DETECT FRAUD, AND FIX ERRORS

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent
activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure
systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct
any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery
of content and ads and in your interaction with them.

View details

DELIVER AND PRESENT ADVERTISING AND CONTENT

Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to
ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to
facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.

View details

SAVE AND COMMUNICATE PRIVACY CHOICES

The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice
are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals
(such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this
service and those entities to respect such choices.

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MATCH AND COMBINE DATA FROM OTHER DATA SOURCES

Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with
other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for
instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card
in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in
this notice.

View details

LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES

In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be
considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your
household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both
your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet
connection on both devices).

View details

IDENTIFY DEVICES BASED ON INFORMATION TRANSMITTED AUTOMATICALLY

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it
automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of
your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the
purposes exposed in this notice.

View details

USE PRECISE GEOLOCATION DATA

With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500
metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

View details
Consent

How this consent management platform (CMP) works:

CMP privacy choices

STORAGE, DURATION, AND USAGE DETAILS

The choices you make with this CMP regarding the purposes and entities will
affect how personalized advertising is presented to you. We need to store these
choices to respect them on future visits, and they are stored differently based
on the type of site or app you're using:
* For sites, your choices are saved in a cookie named “FCCDCF” for a maximum
duration of 390 days.
* For apps, your choices are saved in device storage prefixed by “IABTCF_”.
Your choices will be invalidated after 390 days and overwritten once you make
new privacy choices on this app.
* For accelerated mobile page (AMP) sites, your choices are saved in local
storage prefixed by “amp-store”. Your choices will be invalidated after 390
days and overwritten once you make new privacy choices on this site.

Vendor preferences

Accept all

Confirm choices

Vendor preferences

CONFIRM OUR VENDORS

Vendors can use your data to provide services. Declining a vendor can stop them
from using the data you shared.

TCF vendors

EXPONENTIAL INTERACTIVE, INC D/B/A VDX.TV

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Probabilistic
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

ROQ.AD GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data,
Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ADMAXIM LIMITED

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing
and interaction data

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

INDEX EXCHANGE INC.

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

QUANTCAST

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

BEESWAXIO CORPORATION

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

SOVRN, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

ADIKTEEV

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

RTB HOUSE S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

THE UK TRADE DESK LTD

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

NEXXEN INC.

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

EPSILON

Cookie duration: 184 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

YAHOO EMEA LIMITED

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ADVENTORI SAS

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Probabilistic
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise
location data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

TRIPLE LIFT, INC.

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

XANDR, INC.

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

NEORY GMBH

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

NEXXEN GROUP LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

NEURAL.ONE

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics,
Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location
data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

ADITION (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ACTIVE AGENT (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

TABOOLA EUROPE LIMITED

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

EQUATIV

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ADFORM A/S

Cookie duration: 3650 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

MAGNITE, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

RATEGAIN ADARA INC

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

33ACROSS

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

SIFT MEDIA, INC

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

RAKUTEN MARKETING LLC

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

LUMEN RESEARCH LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and
interaction data, Non-precise location data

View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest

AMAZON AD SERVER

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

OPENX

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

YIELDLAB (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ROKU ADVERTISING SERVICES

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

NANO INTERACTIVE GROUP LTD.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Non-precise location data

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

SIMPLIFI HOLDINGS LLC

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Precise location
data

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

PUBMATIC, INC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

COMSCORE B.V.

Cookie duration: 720 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

FLASHTALKING

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

SHARETHROUGH, INC

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

PULSEPOINT, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

SMAATO, INC.

Cookie duration: 21 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

SEMASIO GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

CRIMTAN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

GENIUS SPORTS UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

CRITEO SA

Cookie duration: 390 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ADLOOX SA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Non-precise location data

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

BLIS GLOBAL LIMITED

Cookie duration: 400 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

LOTAME SOLUTIONS, INC

Cookie duration: 274 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

LIVERAMP

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Non-precise location data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

GROUPM UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

LOOPME LIMITED

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

DYNATA LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ASK LOCALA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

AZIRA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise
location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

DOUBLEVERIFY INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics,
Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location
data, Privacy choices

View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest

BIDSWITCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

IPONWEB GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

NEXTROLL, INC.

Cookie duration: 183 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise
location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

ID5 TECHNOLOGY LTD

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

TEADS FRANCE SAS

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

STRÖER SSP GMBH (SSP)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

OS DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

PERMODO GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

PLATFORM161 B.V.

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

LIVEINTENT INC.

Cookie duration: 731 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

BASIS GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

SEEDTAG ADVERTISING S.L

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

SMADEX, S.L.U.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Non-precise location
data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

BOMBORA INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Non-precise location data, Users’ profiles

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

EASYMEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

REMERGE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

ADVANCED STORE GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

MAGNITE CTV, INC.

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

DELTA PROJECTS AB

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

USEMAX ADVERTISEMENT (EMEGO GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Users’ profiles

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

EMETRIQ GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

PUBLICIS MEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

M.D. PRIMIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Cookie duration: 25 (days).

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

ONETAG LIMITED

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

SMARTOLOGY LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

IMPROVE DIGITAL

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

NATIVO, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

ADOBE ADVERTISING CLOUD

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Privacy choices

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

BANNERFLOW AB

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Non-precise
location data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

TABMO SAS

Doesn't use cookies.

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE (INCORPORATING ADMANTX)

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and
interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices

View details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest

WIZALY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise
location data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

WEBORAMA

Cookie duration: 393 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
ConsentLegitimate interest

JIVOX CORPORATION

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Users’
profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

VISTAR MEDIA EMEA BV

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

ON DEVICE RESEARCH LIMITED

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise
location data, Precise location data

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

ROCKABOX MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and
interaction data, Non-precise location data

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Legitimate interest

EXACTAG GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

CELTRA INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Precise location data

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

MAINADV SRL

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise
location data, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

GEMIUS SA

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

THE KANTAR GROUP LIMITED

Cookie duration: 914 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policy
Consent

NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH LTD.

Cookie duration: 120 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policy
Consent

SOLOCAL SA

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise
location data, Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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PIXALATE, INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data

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Consent

NUMBERLY

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

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AUDIENCEPROJECT A/S

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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DEMANDBASE, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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EFFILIATION / EFFINITY

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session.

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ARRIVALIST CO.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data

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Consent

SEENTHIS AB

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics

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COMMANDERS ACT

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers

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Consent

TRAVEL AUDIENCE GMBH

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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Consent

HUMAN

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data

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Legitimate interest

BLENDEE SRL

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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INNOVID LLC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location data, Privacy
choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

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PAPIRFLY AS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

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NEUSTAR, INC., A TRANSUNION COMPANY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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VERVE GROUP EUROPE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Uses other forms of storage.

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OTTO (GMBH & CO KG)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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ADOBE AUDIENCE MANAGER, ADOBE EXPERIENCE PLATFORM

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

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LOCALSENSOR B.V.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

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ONLINE SOLUTION

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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ONFOCUS (ADAGIO)

Cookie duration: 60 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and
interaction data, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Privacy
choices

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RELAY42 NETHERLANDS B.V.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
User-provided data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

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GP ONE GMBH

Cookie duration: Uses session cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Browsing and
interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

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LIFTOFF MONETIZE AND VUNGLE EXCHANGE

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data, Non-precise location data,
Precise location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

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THE MEDIAGRID INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

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REPPUBLIKA RESEARCH & ANALYTICS AUSTRIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’
profiles

Uses other forms of storage.

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Consent

CINT AB

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

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Consent

MONET ENGINE INC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers,
Privacy choices

Uses other forms of storage.

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Consent

GOOGLE ADVERTISING PRODUCTS

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

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GFK GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

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REVJET

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

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location data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

Cookie duration resets each session.

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Consent

PROTECTED MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

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identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data

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CLINCH LABS LTD

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

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ORACLE DATA CLOUD - MOAT

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data

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HEARTS AND SCIENCE MÜNCHEN GMBH

Cookie duration: 60 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

Cookie duration resets each session.

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AMAZON ADVERTISING

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

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MOLOCO, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Non-precise location data

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NOBID, INC.

Cookie duration: 7 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices

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ADTRIBA GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

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identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
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ENSIGHTEN

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

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identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices

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SPORTORITY UK LTD

Cookie duration: 1 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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EBAY INC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices

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METRIXLAB NEDERLAND B.V.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data

Uses other forms of storage.

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KARGO GLOBAL INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics,
Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Non-precise location
data

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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TYPEA HOLDINGS LTD

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics, Device
identifiers, Privacy choices

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HURRA COMMUNICATIONS GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

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KUEEZ ENTERTAINMENT LTD.

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

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identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
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Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

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