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MAKING THE MOST OF ONE MILLION NEW TREES IN NYC

Apr 11, 2022 | Green Infrastructure | 0



In 2015, the New York City municipal government completed an 8-year campaign
alongside nonprofit and private-sector partners to plant one million new trees
within city limits. Now, under freshman New York City Mayor Eric Adams, who
entered office in January 2022, the largest city in the U.S. appears poised to
pledge the establishment of an additional one million trees.

Expanding New York City’s tree canopy can help manage stormwater, reduce urban
heat-island effects, absorb and store greenhouse gases, enhance biodiversity,
and provide a host of additional co-benefits. But to maximize these benefits,
ecology and urban planning experts caution that the location of these new trees
as well as having long-term plans in place to maintain them is more important
than their numbers.


‘WHERE’ INSTEAD OF ‘HOW MANY’

From 2010 to 2017 the total tree canopy within New York City increased by about
2%, according to the 2021 State of the Urban Forest in NYC report by The Nature
Conservancy (TNC; Arlington, Virginia).  Some of the greatest canopy gains,
according to the TNC report, occurred in lower-income neighborhoods that
previously contained little to no canopy coverage. Report authors emphasize that
even with the gains made lower-income neighborhoods still have less tree canopy
than higher-income neighborhoods.

Amid talks of pledging to plant one million new trees within the city between
New York City Mayor Eric Adams and the presidents of all five New York City
boroughs, planners and ecologists weighed in about what city leaders should keep
in mind as they consider the massive planting campaign. Image courtesy of
12019/Pixabay

J. Meejin Yoon, dean of the Cornell University (Ithaca, New York) College of
Architecture, Art, and Planning, described that a project adding an additional
million trees should continue to focus on lower-income areas to build equitable
resilience against climate change.

“As with other forms of infrastructure, street trees have historically been
deployed unevenly, exacerbating the inequities of the city and disproportionally
exposing vulnerable communities to the effects of climate change,” said Yoon in
a February statement about the new million-trees pledge. “These headline numbers
are often achieved in areas that are the easiest and most affordable for the
city to plant in, failing to deliver shade where it is the most needed.”

Nina Bassuk, program leader of the Cornell University Urban Horticulture
Institute, added that a major weakness in the first million-trees pledge was a
lack of long-term maintenance and protection for new trees. Approximately
250,000 trees introduced under the first campaign either died or were displaced
shortly after they were planted, Bassuk said in a release.

“This is a tremendous loss since the greatest tree benefits are caused by the
growth of a large canopy of leaves. We need trees to grow and thrive if they are
to produce these benefits.”

Rather than focusing on a specific quota of new plantings, Bassuk called for
greater investment in ongoing maintenance for new and existing trees throughout
their full lifespan. Other priorities include improving root-accommodating soil
coverage throughout the city. This includes expanding “structural soils” that
enable tree roots to spread beneath paved sidewalks without compromising their
weight-bearing capacity. It also means focusing on tree species diversity to
improve resistance to diseases or invasive insects, Bassuk said.

“We can do a lot more to increase our urban tree canopy, but planting alone is
not enough.”


THE PROBLEM WITH PRIVATE LANDS

When it comes to expanding tree canopy citywide, the burden of planting and
maintaining trees is not solely on the New York City municipal government and
its partners. TNC estimates that about 47% of the city’s total tree canopy stems
from privately owned trees. While the city government has a legal obligation to
maintain trees on its land, trees on private property have little or no codified
protections. Despite the net increase in total citywide tree canopy from 2010 to
2017, the TNC report describes that tree canopy on private land decreased
significantly.

The New York City Department of Parks & Recreation (NYC Parks) is primarily
responsible for the expansion and upkeep of city managed trees. Volunteer groups
and nonprofit organizations often undertake their own campaigns to support trees
on private land, the TNC report acknowledges, both in organized partnership with
NYC Parks and independently. Although volunteer efforts have engaged hundreds of
thousands of city residents and raised considerable awareness about how locals
can help support green spaces in their neighborhoods, the report stresses that
high-level strategic coordination and volunteer expertise with tree care pose
challenges.

TNC underscored the value of expanding efforts to build local expertise in urban
forestry, particularly those involving the city’s many colleges and
universities. For example, report authors write that no schools within the city
— whether privately owned or operated by the city or state — currently offer
urban forestry degree programs.

Read the full TNC report, State of the Urban Forest in NYC, for more details
about the city’s urban greening challenges and opportunities.

Top image courtesy of Leonhard Niederwimmer/Pixabay

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Justin Jacques is editor of Stormwater Report and a staff member of the Water
Environment Federation (WEF). In addition to writing for WEF’s online
publications, he also contributes to Water Environment & Technology magazine.
Contact him at jjacques@wef.org.

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Which of the following does your organization have the least amount of
information about?

 * Promoting stormwater management within the community
 * Illicit discharge detection and elimination strategies
 * Controlling runoff from construction sites/during re-development projects
 * Monitoring the performance of existing or prospective infrastructure
 * Locating reliable funding and financing mechanisms
 * Integrated water supply planning/stormwater capture
 * Water quality trading programs
 * Other



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