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Category
* All Categories (Encyclopedias)
* History, Development and Management of Water Resources
* Common Fundamentals and Unit Operations in Desalination Systems
* Physical, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Water
* Thermal Desalination Processes
* Membrane Processes
* Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination
* Material Selection and Corrosion
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
The DESWARE meets a long-standing need in the desalination and water resources
community for a detailed archival source of knowledge.
Subscribe
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
The conversion of saline water is a technique of providing and augmenting
freshwater supplies in areas deficient therein
Learn More
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
The conversion of saline water is a technique of providing and augmenting
freshwater supplies in areas deficient therein
Learn More
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
DESWARE is a stand-alone encyclopedia focusing on the specific topics of
desalination and water resources developed in parallel with the main EOLSS
project.
Learn More
MULTISTAGE FLASH (MSF) DISTILLATION DESALINATION UNIT
This new generation of MSF evaporators incorporates significant developments in
material technology and process control optimisation.
Learn More
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
Sun is the Source of Renewable Energy and the Oceans are a Major Alternative
Source of Water
Subscribe
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
Human engineered desalination systems actually mimic the hydrologic cycle, which
is itself a grand process of distillation
Subscribe
Previous Next
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
The DESWARE meets a long-standing need in the desalination and water resources
community for a detailed archival source of knowledge.
Learn More
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
The conversion of saline water is a technique of providing and augmenting
freshwater supplies in areas deficient therein
Subscribe
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
The conversion of saline water is a technique of providing and augmenting
freshwater supplies in areas deficient therein
Subscribe
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
DESWARE is a stand-alone encyclopedia focusing on the specific topics of
desalination and water resources developed in parallel with the main EOLSS
project.
Learn More
MULTISTAGE FLASH (MSF) DISTILLATION DESALINATION UNIT
This new generation of MSF evaporators incorporates significant developments in
material technology and process control optimisation.
Learn More
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
Sun is the Source of Renewable Energy and the Oceans are a Major Alternative
Source of Water
Subscribe
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
Human engineered desalination systems actually mimic the hydrologic cycle, which
is itself a grand process of distillation
Subscribe
DESWARE is a subset of the Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and
Technology Resources, which is part of the UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Support
Systems (EOLSS)
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DESALINATION AND WATER RESOURCES
Distillation is one of mankind’s earliest forms of separating fresh water from a
salt-water solution. When salt water is boiled, the dissolved salt remains
behind as the fresh water vapor is boiled away. In a distillation process, water
is first boiled and then the steam, or water vapor, is cooled. This cooling
condenses the steam into water again (See the figure). Thus, distillation
involves adding heat energy to salt water in order to vaporize the water and
then removing the heat energy from the steam to condense it into fresh water.
In nature, this basic process is responsible for the hydrologic cycle. The sun
causes water to evaporate from surface sources such as lakes, oceans, and
streams. The water vapor eventually comes in contact with cooler air, where it
re-condenses to form dew or rain. This process can be imitated artificially, and
more rapidly than in nature, using alternative sources of heating and cooling.
When water is heated, its temperature increases until the boiling point is
reached. While water is boiling, the steam and the boiling water are at the
same temperature. However, raising water to its boiling point is not enough to
cause it to boil. More heat must be added to change the water into steam. The
amount of heat required to change water at its boiling point into steam at the
same temperature is called heat of vaporization of water. The heat of
vaporization is of major importance in distillation. The amount of heat required
to vaporize water into steam is approximately five times greater than the heat
needed to raise water from its freezing point to its boiling point (at ordinary
sea-level atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi) water boils at 100oc).
Distillation is a two-step process involving both evaporation and condensation,
heat must be added in one step and removed in the other. If these two steps were
accomplished independently, the process would be inefficient and costly. In all
the distillation processes, the steam is condensed by transferring heat from the
steam to salt water as part of the heat source required to convert more water
into steam. In this way some of the heat energy used in one step is recovered
and used in the other step.
The conversion of saline water into fresh potable water and water for industrial
purposes has been practiced worldwide over the last forty to fifty years of the
twentieth century. It is a technique of providing and augmenting freshwater
supplies in areas deficient therein, such as arid regions close to the ocean, or
to other saline water bodies. Read more..
THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS
Water has always been earth's most valuable resource. All ecosystems and every
field of human activity depend on water. The world's supply of fresh water is
running out. Already one person in five has no access to safe drinking water.
The amount of water in the world is limited. The human race, and the other
species which share the planet, cannot expect an infinite supply. 97.5% of the
total global stock of water is saline and only 2.5% is fresh water.
Approximately 70% of this global freshwater stock is locked up in polar icecaps
and a major part of the remaining 30% lies in remote underground aquifers.
Population growth and the increasing need for fresh water for industrial,
agricultural uses and municipal indicate there will be no letup in the
increasing demand for water in the years to come. These factors account for the
concern over water shortages that exist now in some areas of the country and
over the more serious shortages that are projected for the near future.
See : Desalination and the Continuity of Human Civilization
1- Dead vegetation in drought-stricken area, Senegal.
2- Children have a special relationship with water (Source: UNESCO Photo bank)
* Desalination and Water Resources - Contents
* History, Development and Management
* Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of Water
* The Desalination Site and Civil Works
* Water Treatment
* Common Fundamentals and Unit Operations in Thermal Desalination
* Thermal Desalination Processes
* Membrane Processes
* Renewable Energy Systems and Desalination
* Ancillary Equipment
* Process Instrumentation, Control and Automation
* Material Selection and Corrosion
* Plant Operation, Maintenance and Management
* Environmental Aspects
* Thermal Power Plants and Co-generation Planning
* Water Sciences and Technology Resources
OUTLINE COMPONETS - DESWARE
DESWARE is focusing on the specific topics of desalination and water resources.
The encyclopedia presents a detailed and comprehensive coverage of the
interdisciplinary subjects like science, technology, and management experience
available for the design, operation, and maintenance of desalination plants.
Explore
DISTILLATION PROCESS
* Articles about Desalination
* Economics of Water and Energy Technology
* Emerging Technologies
* Energy Requirements for Desalination Processes
* Global Production of Desalination Water
* Humanity's Need for Energy
* Hydrological Cycle
* Small Scale Desalination
* Sustaining Water
* Timelines - Desalination Technology
* Why Use Renewable Energy for Desalination
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