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VEEAM V11: HARDENED REPOSITORY (IMMUTABILITY) INSTALLATION - PT.1

Paolo Valsecchi 04/05/2021 36 Comments Reading Time: 5 minutes

The new Veeam Backup & Replication 11 provides the capability to have immutable
backups leveraging Linux with the Hardened Repository.

Already introduced in Veeam v10 to store backups on Object Storage S3 with
Object Lock enabled, the Immutability feature protects your backups against
overwriting, accidental deletion, ransomware attacks and internal intruders.

A good backup design is the key for a successful data protection strategy to
avoid potential data loss that can affect the business. If data are not well
protected, a ransomware attack could be a nightmare for administrators.

 


BLOG SERIES

Veeam v11: Hardened Repository (Immutability) installation - pt.1
Veeam v11: Hardened Repository (Immutability) configuration - pt.2
Veeam v11: Hardened Repository (Immutability) add MFA - pt.3

 


REQUIREMENTS

To configure the Immutability for data backups, you need to meet some
requirements:

 * Veeam Backup & Replication v11.
 * Although the solution can run as virtual machine, a physical machine is
   strongly recommended for security concerns.
 * A 64bit Linux distribution to configure the repository. Suggested the Ubuntu
   20.04 LTS or later distribution for highest quality of reflink, RHEL/CentOS
   8.2 or later, SLES 15 SP2 and Debian 10.
 * The Linux Server should support XFS (enable the use of the Veeam fast cloning
   technology) and it is the recommended file system to use.

Since backups cannot be modified due to Immutability, only forward incremental
with periodic synthetic or active full backups are supported. For Backup Copy
Jobs, NAS backup, log shipping, RMAN/SAP HANA/SAP on Oracle backups won't take
advantage of the Immutability option but can be stored on the same repository.

Backup Copy Jobs configured with GFS retention policy will be able to use the
Immutability feature.

For Hardened Repository implementation, Veeam components only access the Linux
Repository with non-root credentials and only port TCP 6162 is required for the
communication between Proxy and Repository (TCP 2500 to 3300 are assigned when
needed).



 


ENFORCE SECURITY FOR HARDENED REPOSITORY

To better protect backup data, you should follow some guidelines to enforce the
security:

 * Although persistent credentials can be used, is recommended the use of the
   new Single-use credentials for hardened repository during the deployment to
   avoid storing the credentials in Veeam Backup & Replication.



 * SSH should be disabled
 * iDRAC, iLO or other remote management solutions to the repository should be
   disabled or hardened
 * Time should be synced with a reliable NTP Server to avoid time changes from a
   potential attacker. Time changes could alter the Immutability retention.

 


INSTALL UBUNTU SERVER

For this procedure the Ubuntu Linux distribution is used to implement the
Hardened Repository. Download the .ISO file for Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS then
boot your machine to run the installation wizard.

Select the language to use and press Enter.



Specify the keyboard layout to use, select Done then press Enter.



By default the NIC is set to use DHCP. To assign a static IP address, select the
NIC and press Enter. Select Edit IPv4 from the available options. If your
physical server provides two or more NICs, you can create a bond (teaming) to
increase the available bandwidth.

In the Network connections page, select Create bond option.



Enter a Name and specify the Devices to use. As Bond mode select 802.3ad from
the drop-down menu then click Create.



Highlight the just created bond and press Enter. Select Edit IPv4 and press
Enter.



Select Manual as IPv4 Method and press Enter.



Fill all the requested information then select Save and press Enter.



When the static IP address has been set, select Done and press Enter.



If you don't use a Proxy, select Done and press Enter.



Leave default value, select Done and press Enter.



Set Custom storage layout to create a custom partitions schema. Select Done and
press Enter.



In this example, the storage in use has two local disks:

 * One disk for the OS
 * One disk to store backups

Highlight the first disk /dev/sda and select Add GPT Partition.



Leave the Size field blank to use all the available space for the partition then
select Format to specify the file system. In the example, the file system
ext4 has been used. Select Create then press Enter.



Now select the second local disk /dev/sdb and choose Add GPT Partition. Note
there is a new bios_grub partition type in the first configured partition.



Leave the Size field blank and use xfs as Format type. Create a custom Mount
point (in the example /mnt/veeamrepo) and press Enter to confirm. XFS with
Reflink works pretty the same way as ReFS to optimize performance and disk
consumption (size of synthetic copies are smaller and the process faster). Veeam
calls this technology Fast Clone.



Once the partitions layout has been completed, select Done and press Enter.



Select Continue.



Enter the Name, Server name, Username and Password the select Done.



Select Install OpenSSH Server option to enable SSH. Select Done.



No need to install additional features. Select Done then press Enter to begin OS
installation.



The Linux OS is being installed in the system.



When the installation has completed, select Reboot Now.



 


CONFIGURE THE REPOSITORY

Login as the account configured during the OS installation (in the example
administrator) and enter the password.



To keep the system up to date, install latest upgrades with the command:

# sudo apt-get upgrade



Check the file system in use for the partition that will be used by Veeam to
store the backups. In the example, /mnt/veeamrepo is the dedicated partition
formatted as xfs.

# df -Th



 

CREATE A LOCAL ACCOUNT

You need to create a dedicated local user with the correct permissions so that
the Veeam Transport Service has the correct rights to the Veeam mount.

Create a new account used by Veeam and create the password.

# sudo useradd locveeam --create-home -s /bin/bash
# sudo passwd locveeam



We need temporarily to allow the new user to execute commands as root to install
the required Veeam services. The user is added to the sudo group.

# sudo usermod -a -G sudo locveeam



 

CONFIGURE THE MOUNT POINT

If you want to take benefit of Fast-Clone technology (Fast Clone is based on the
Reflink) to optimize space and performance during Synthetic Full operations, by
default Ubuntu doesn't enable Reflink when partition is formatted XFS during the
installation procedure. Veeam requires the file system to be formatted with
Reflink enabled to leverage Fast Clone capability.

Access your hardened repository and retrieve the list of disks installed in
Ubuntu to identify the disk used as repository.

# sudo fdisk -l



Since the partition has been mounted during the installation procedure, we need
first to unmount the partition.

# sudo umount /mnt/veeamrepo



Once the partition has been unmounted, we need to format the partition with the
parameters required by Veeam to leverage Fast-Clone technology: reflink and
enable CRC.

# sudo mkfs.xfs -b size=4096 -m reflink=1,crc=1 /dev/sdb -f



Since the UUID has changed due to this operation, we need to retrieve the new
UUID and amend the /etc/fstab file to mount the partition automatically.

# sudo blkid /dev/sdb



Update the /etc/fstab file with the new UUID.

# sudo vi /etc/fstab



Reload configured partitions.

# sudo mount -a



 

ASSIGN PERMISSIONS TO THE MOUNT POINT

Assign permissions to access the /mnt/veeamrepo folder to the locveeam account
using the following commands:

# sudo chown -R locveeam:locveeam /mnt/veeamrepo/
# sudo chmod 700 /mnt/veeamrepo




Check the assigned permissions.

# ll /mnt



The configuration of the physical Hardened Repository is now complete. Part 2
will cover the configuration of Veeam Backup & Replication v11 to take benefit
of the Immutability feature.




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VEEAMON FORUM ITALY 2018

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

PAOLO VALSECCHI

System Engineer, VCP-DCV, VCP-DM, vExpert, VMCE, VMCA, Veeam Vanguard. Working
experience focused on VMware vSphere, Microsoft Active Directory, and backup/DR
solutions.

36 COMMENTS

 1.  Marius Redelinghuys 08/06/2021
     
     Thanx for the document. I'm a newbie Linux user, so I follow your
     instructions to the T
     
     My Notes on installation:
     Reboot before "Enable XFS with Reflink" - Drive letters changed
     The username "Administrator" got removed during the setup changes
     I had to use "# mkfs.xfs -b size=4096 -m reflink=1,crc=1 /dev/sdb -f" with
     the sudo, otherwise it failed with permissions. In your screenshot you used
     sudo as well, but in the instruction there is no sudo (Remember: I
     copy/paste)
     
     Now for part 2 🙂
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 10/06/2021
       
       Not sure to understand what you mean for "Drive letters changed"... don't
       be confused between disks and partitions. "Administrator" got removed
       during the setup changes?
       Command to format the partition is now fixed (typo). sudo must always be
       used to run commands.
       
       Reply
       
     
 2.  Stuart Burns 16/06/2021
     
     Hi Paolo.
     
     Just wanted to convey my appreciation for the guide. Helped me immensely.
     We managed to convert a Dell R730XD Server into an immutable repo!
     Cheers,
     Stuart
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 16/06/2021
       
       Thanks Stuart!
       Glad my post was useful.
       
       Reply
       
     
 3.  Gerardo Andrade 02/07/2021
     
     Paolo,
     Thanks for this guide,
     I am trying to do this same guide but with RAID 1 mdam, how will the UUID
     will be editied under fstab?
     
     regards!
     Gerardo Andrade
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 04/07/2021
       
       You need to retrieve the corret UUID then use the command sudo vi
       /etc/fstab to amend the UUID with the new value.
       
       Reply
       * Gerardo Andrade 04/07/2021
         
         Thanks again Paolo,
         worked with with raid1.
         
         Regards!
         
         Reply
         
       
     
 4.  John Monroe 25/07/2021
     
     A lot of the screenshots have trailing slashes in the paths while the
     example command do not. Which is correct? Thanks.
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 19/08/2021
       
       Both are correct... if you use the tab while typing the path, the slash
       at the end is automatically added.
       
       Reply
       
     
 5.  Daniel Pattenden 18/08/2021
     
     excellent guide!
     In the part "Configure the mount point"
     I had to umount /veeamrepo before running mount -a
     
     Reply
     
 6.  James 23/08/2021
     
     For this part, "Now select the second local disk /dev/sdb and choose Add
     GPT Partition. To format with XFS".
     Has anyone figured out which disk to map to while using a fibre connected
     multipath device in Ubuntu Linux?
     Mine is showing /dev/sdc1, /dev/mapper/mpatha-part1, /dev/sdd1 and
     /dev/sde1 . I would think I would map it to /dev/mapper/mpatha-part1 ?
     
     Reply
     
 7.  Niko 26/08/2021
     
     Hi,
     Thank you for this pretty good document.
     I just don't understand why you first create a /veeamrepo mount point and
     after a /mnt/veeamrepo ?
     You can use /mnt/veeamrepo from the installation... Or always use
     /veeamrepo.
     Regards.
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 03/09/2021
       
       Correct, you can configure /mnt/veeamrepo directly from the installation.
       Fixed the screenshots.
       
       Reply
       
     
 8.  James 26/08/2021
     
     Figured out how to map multipath drives.
     After "sudo fdisk -l" in "Configure the mount point" section. Do these
     commands below.
     1. sudo umount /mnt/veeamrepo
     2. sudo mkfs.xfs -b size=4096 -m reflink=1,crc=1 /dev/mapper/mpatha-part1
     -f
     3. sudo blkid | grep mpatha-part1 (If that doesn't work than run sudo blkid
     | grep mpatha )
     4. Update fstab file with the UUID you got from "sudo blkid | grep
     mpatha-part1"
     4a. It should look similar to this in your fstab file.
     /dev/disk/by-uuid/4234fcsa-3efs-3jfm-effs-43fcs33f4jd3 /mnt/veeamrepo xfs
     defaults 0 0
     
     Than continue on past "sudo mount -a" in this guide.
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 03/09/2021
       
       Thanks for the info!
       
       Reply
       
     
 9.  Mark 13/10/2021
     
     After I run sudo mkfs.xfs -b size=4096 -m reflink=1,crc=1 /dev/sdb -f the
     UUID changes but the mount point shows as missing and cannot be mounted.
     PLease advise
     
     Reply
     
 10. Wael 03/11/2021
     
     thanks for the wonderful article . repo permission issue
     # sudo chmod 700 /mnt/veeamrepo
     700 doesnt have enough permissions, ls -l /mnt/veeamrepo/
     ls: cannot open directory '/mnt/veeamrepo/': Permission denied
     
     when selecting fast cloning on XFS volumes , get the following error (
     Failed to save Backup Repository: Permission denied)
     
     i think 705 or 707 is the least
     
     Reply
     * Felix Mintah 06/11/2021
       
       700 works fine. Just check your commands well. I have implemented this a
       couple of times and haven't had any issues. By the way, what Linux distro
       are you using?
       
       Reply
       
     
 11. Felix Mintah 06/11/2021
     
     The tuturial ever on how to implement the Linux immutable repository in
     Veeam. This has helped me alot
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 06/11/2021
       
       Thanks, glad the post was useful.
       
       Reply
       
     
 12. Omar 10/11/2021
     
     Hi Paolo thanks for the blog. I am just starting the process of
     transforming a Dell PE R530 into an immutable repository, I only have one
     question, I only have one RAID 5 Virtual Disk with all the disks (6x4TB
     HDD), can I create in Ubuntu two partitions on the same disc, one for the
     OS and one for the repository?
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 10/11/2021
       
       Are you using LVM in your Linux installation?
       
       Reply
       
     
 13. Øyvind 10/11/2021
     
     Hi! First of all, thanks for creating this step by step guide 🙂
     I have followed the guide and everything seems to be correct. When adding
     the Linux server in Veeam, I get this errormessage:
     
     Error Installing Veeam Data Mover service Error: Client not connected.
     
     I cant find any info about this online. Do you have an idea on what the
     problem could be?
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 10/11/2021
       
       Are you using the same service account configured in the Hardened
       Repository?
       Did you add the service account in the Hardened Repository to the SUDO
       group?
       
       Reply
       * Øyvind 11/11/2021
         
         Hi! Yes, I am using the service account as configured in Hardened
         Repository: Locveeam-. I tried logging in using SSH with locveeam user,
         and was able to sudo without problems.
         
         I dont think there is a credential problems, because I tried to login
         as root/administrator to add the Veeam transport service resulting in
         the same error
         
         Reply
         * Øyvind 12/11/2021
           
           Hi again
           Issue is resolved. I did the following:
           sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
           Added:
           KexAlgorithms
           diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
           Ciphers 3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,aes128-cbc,aes128-ctr,aes256-ctr
           
           Then restarted ssh service with command: service ssh restart
           
           Reply
           
         
       
     
 14. Jenny Carter 30/11/2021
     
     Great step by step guide thank you! I am also new to Linux. I have followed
     this step by step but have got stuck on updating the fstab file.. # sudo vi
     /etc/fstab when I run this command I get the same results in your
     screenshot with the new UUID. However it just gets stuck there with lots of
     tilde symbols down the left hand side to the bottom of the page and then
     --- INSERT --
     
     I can't then proceed to reload the configured partitions. Have I missed
     something?!
     
     Reply
     * David 10/01/2022
       
       I have the same issue. Anyone have the answer to this?
       
       Reply
       
     
 15. marco 22/12/2021
     
     Hi, thanks for this artikel!
     
     Why is it not possible that the administrator change directory to
     /mnt/veeamrepo.
     
     Is this correct? I thought the admin has permission to all?
     
     Thanks!
     
     Reply
     
 16. Matthias Schäfer 29/01/2022
     
     Problem: after deploying veamtransport.service the service is not starting
     with Error 255.
     
     Reply
     
 17. Ishtvan Balint 03/02/2022
     
     Hello I followed your doc and allocated 1tb to the /mnt/veeamrepo
     partition. Do you know the steps If i need to expand it. Running in vmware.
     thanks
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 05/02/2022
       
       It is not a good idea to have the Hardened Repository as VM for security
       reasons. You can expand the disk in vSphere as you normally do for other
       VMs, then you need to expand the partition inside the Linux OS... are you
       using LVM?
       
       Reply
       
     
 18. Brian 10/02/2022
     
     Followed the guide exactly but keep getting a Permission Denied (password)
     error when trying to add the Single Use credentials. I have change the
     locveeam password several times and I have verified that the locveeam
     account has the correct permissions to the repo mount point. Any
     suggestions?
     
     Reply
     * Paolo Valsecchi 10/02/2022
       
       Did you add the account to sudo group?
       
       Reply
       * Brian 10/02/2022
         
         Yes, that was my initial thought, that I had skipped that step. Below
         are my most recent commands to try to correct the issue. I even changed
         the password to something short and simple just for testing.
         
         administrator@lx-veeamxfsrepo:~$ sudo passwd locveeam
         [sudo] password for administrator:
         New password:
         Retype new password:
         passwd: password updated successfully
         administrator@lx-veeamxfsrepo:~$ sudo usermod -a -G sudo locveeam
         
         Reply
         
       
     
 19. Mark 10/02/2022
     
     I have used this article on many installations and it has worked
     flawlessly. IMO a little more could be added to show how to edit the
     repository guid.
     I have since had to change the permanent gateway IP address on the device
     and all edits i have made to date are erased when the system reboots.
     Please provide the correct instructions to change the gateway IP on bond0
     (BondZero)
     
     Reply
     


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