www.menlosecurity.com
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141.193.213.21
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Submitted URL: https://pages.menlosecurity.com/MjgxLU9XVi04OTkAAAGHJcwDv0lqJMzqQx05X36gV2XFycDiMP5l0H0UWpMuy0TY0VPkXI1JR9xvcR0aIyRwaJ0h1VU=
Effective URL: https://www.menlosecurity.com/blog/an-anatomy-of-heat-attacks-used-by-qakbot-campaigns/?utm_campaign=contentnewsletter-sep2022...
Submission: On September 29 via api from SG — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.menlosecurity.com/blog/an-anatomy-of-heat-attacks-used-by-qakbot-campaigns/?utm_campaign=contentnewsletter-sep2022...
Submission: On September 29 via api from SG — Scanned from DE
Form analysis
6 forms found in the DOMGET https://www.menlosecurity.com/
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class="search__field" autocomplete="off"> </label> <button type="submit" class="search__btn"> Search <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></form>
GET https://www.menlosecurity.com/
<form action="https://www.menlosecurity.com/" class="search-form" method="get" role="search"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="text" title="Search for:" name="s" value="" id="s" placeholder="Search …"
class="search__field" autocomplete="off"> </label> <button type="submit" class="search__btn"> Search <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></form>
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<div class="ginput_container ginput_container_email"> <input name="input_1" id="input_1_1" type="email" value="" class="large" tabindex="1" placeholder="Email" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false"></div>
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<div class="ginput_container"><input name="input_2" id="input_1_2" type="text" value="" autocomplete="new-password"></div>
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<div class="gform_footer top_label"> <input type="submit" id="gform_submit_button_1" class="gform_button button" value="Subscribe" tabindex="2"
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</form>
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<div class="mktoGutter mktoHasWidth" style="width: 5px;"></div><input id="FirstName" name="FirstName" placeholder="First Name" maxlength="255" aria-labelledby="LblFirstName InstructFirstName" type="text"
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<div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="LastName" id="LblLastName" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 100px;">
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</label>
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<div class="mktoClear"></div>
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<div class="mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
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<div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="Company" id="LblCompany" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 100px;">
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<div class="mktoClear"></div>
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</div>
<div class="mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<div class="mktoOffset" style="width: 5px;"></div>
<div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="Phone" id="LblPhone" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 100px;">
<div class="mktoAsterix">*</div>Phone Number:
</label>
<div class="mktoGutter mktoHasWidth" style="width: 5px;"></div><input id="Phone" name="Phone" placeholder="Phone Number" maxlength="255" aria-labelledby="LblPhone InstructPhone" type="tel"
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<div class="mktoClear"></div>
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<div class="mktoClear"></div>
</div>
<div class="mktoClear"></div>
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<div class="mktoFormRow">
<div class="mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<div class="mktoOffset" style="width: 5px;"></div>
<div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="Title" id="LblTitle" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 100px;">
<div class="mktoAsterix">*</div>Job Title:
</label>
<div class="mktoGutter mktoHasWidth" style="width: 5px;"></div><input id="Title" name="Title" placeholder="Job Title" maxlength="255" aria-labelledby="LblTitle InstructTitle" type="text"
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<div class="mktoClear"></div>
</div>
<div class="mktoClear"></div>
</div>
<div class="mktoFieldDescriptor mktoFormCol" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<div class="mktoOffset" style="width: 5px;"></div>
<div class="mktoFieldWrap mktoRequiredField"><label for="Country" id="LblCountry" class="mktoLabel mktoHasWidth" style="width: 100px;">
<div class="mktoAsterix">*</div>Country:
</label>
<div class="mktoGutter mktoHasWidth" style="width: 5px;"></div><select id="Country" name="Country" aria-labelledby="LblCountry InstructCountry" class="mktoField mktoHasWidth mktoRequired" aria-required="true" style="width: 150px;">
<option value="">Select Country ...</option>
<option value="United States">United States </option>
<option value="Canada">Canada </option>
<option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</option>
<option value="Aland Islands">Aland Islands</option>
<option value="Albania">Albania</option>
<option value="Algeria">Algeria</option>
<option value="Andorra">Andorra</option>
<option value="Angola">Angola</option>
<option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option>
<option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option>
<option value="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</option>
<option value="Argentina">Argentina</option>
<option value="Armenia">Armenia</option>
<option value="Aruba">Aruba</option>
<option value="Australia">Australia</option>
<option value="Austria">Austria</option>
<option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option>
<option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option>
<option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option>
<option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option>
<option value="Barbados">Barbados</option>
<option value="Belarus">Belarus</option>
<option value="Belgium">Belgium</option>
<option value="Belize">Belize</option>
<option value="Benin">Benin</option>
<option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option>
<option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option>
<option value="Bolivia, Plurinational State of">Bolivia, Plurinational State of</option>
<option value="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</option>
<option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option>
<option value="Botswana">Botswana</option>
<option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</option>
<option value="Brazil">Brazil</option>
<option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</option>
<option value="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</option>
<option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option>
<option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option>
<option value="Burundi">Burundi</option>
<option value="Cambodia">Cambodia</option>
<option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option>
<option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option>
<option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option>
<option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option>
<option value="Chad">Chad</option>
<option value="Chile">Chile</option>
<option value="China">China</option>
<option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option>
<option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option>
<option value="Colombia">Colombia</option>
<option value="Comoros">Comoros</option>
<option value="Congo">Congo</option>
<option value="Congo, the Democratic Republic of the">Congo, the Democratic Republic of the</option>
<option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option>
<option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option>
<option value="Cote d'Ivoire">Cote d'Ivoire</option>
<option value="Croatia">Croatia</option>
<option value="Cuba">Cuba</option>
<option value="Curaçao">Curaçao</option>
<option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option>
<option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option>
<option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>
<option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option>
<option value="Dominica">Dominica</option>
<option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option>
<option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option>
<option value="Egypt">Egypt</option>
<option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option>
<option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option>
<option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option>
<option value="Estonia">Estonia</option>
<option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option>
<option value="Falkland Islands (Malvinas)">Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</option>
<option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option>
<option value="Fiji">Fiji</option>
<option value="Finland">Finland</option>
<option value="France">France</option>
<option value="French Guiana">French Guiana</option>
<option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option>
<option value="French Southern Territories">French Southern Territories</option>
<option value="Gabon">Gabon</option>
<option value="Gambia">Gambia</option>
<option value="Georgia">Georgia</option>
<option value="Germany">Germany</option>
<option value="Ghana">Ghana</option>
<option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option>
<option value="Greece">Greece</option>
<option value="Greenland">Greenland</option>
<option value="Grenada">Grenada</option>
<option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</option>
<option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option>
<option value="Guernsey">Guernsey</option>
<option value="Guinea">Guinea</option>
<option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</option>
<option value="Guyana">Guyana</option>
<option value="Haiti">Haiti</option>
<option value="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option>
<option value="Holy See (Vatican City State)">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option>
<option value="Honduras">Honduras</option>
<option value="Hungary">Hungary</option>
<option value="Iceland">Iceland</option>
<option value="India">India</option>
<option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option>
<option value="Iran, Islamic Republic of">Iran, Islamic Republic of</option>
<option value="Iraq">Iraq</option>
<option value="Ireland">Ireland</option>
<option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</option>
<option value="Israel">Israel</option>
<option value="Italy">Italy</option>
<option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option>
<option value="Japan">Japan</option>
<option value="Jersey">Jersey</option>
<option value="Jordan">Jordan</option>
<option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option>
<option value="Kenya">Kenya</option>
<option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option>
<option value="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</option>
<option value="Korea, Republic of">Korea, Republic of</option>
<option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option>
<option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option>
<option value="Lao People's Democratic Republic">Lao People's Democratic Republic</option>
<option value="Latvia">Latvia</option>
<option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option>
<option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option>
<option value="Liberia">Liberia</option>
<option value="Libya">Libya</option>
<option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option>
<option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option>
<option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option>
<option value="Macao">Macao</option>
<option value="Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of">Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of</option>
<option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option>
<option value="Malawi">Malawi</option>
<option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option>
<option value="Maldives">Maldives</option>
<option value="Mali">Mali</option>
<option value="Malta">Malta</option>
<option value="Martinique">Martinique</option>
<option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option>
<option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option>
<option value="Mayotte">Mayotte</option>
<option value="Mexico">Mexico</option>
<option value="Moldova, Republic of">Moldova, Republic of</option>
<option value="Monaco">Monaco</option>
<option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option>
<option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option>
<option value="Montserrat">Montserrat</option>
<option value="Morocco">Morocco</option>
<option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option>
<option value="Myanmar">Myanmar</option>
<option value="Namibia">Namibia</option>
<option value="Nauru">Nauru</option>
<option value="Nepal">Nepal</option>
<option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option>
<option value="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</option>
<option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option>
<option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option>
<option value="Niger">Niger</option>
<option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option>
<option value="Niue">Niue</option>
<option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</option>
<option value="Norway">Norway</option>
<option value="Oman">Oman</option>
<option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option>
<option value="Palestine">Palestine</option>
<option value="Panama">Panama</option>
<option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option>
<option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option>
<option value="Peru">Peru</option>
<option value="Philippines">Philippines</option>
<option value="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</option>
<option value="Poland">Poland</option>
<option value="Portugal">Portugal</option>
<option value="Qatar">Qatar</option>
<option value="Reunion">Reunion</option>
<option value="Romania">Romania</option>
<option value="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</option>
<option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option>
<option value="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</option>
<option value="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</option>
<option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option>
<option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option>
<option value="Saint Martin (French part)">Saint Martin (French part)</option>
<option value="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option>
<option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option>
<option value="Samoa">Samoa</option>
<option value="San Marino">San Marino</option>
<option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe</option>
<option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option>
<option value="Senegal">Senegal</option>
<option value="Serbia">Serbia</option>
<option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option>
<option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option>
<option value="Singapore">Singapore</option>
<option value="Sint Maarten (Dutch part)">Sint Maarten (Dutch part)</option>
<option value="Slovakia">Slovakia</option>
<option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option>
<option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option>
<option value="Somalia">Somalia</option>
<option value="South Africa">South Africa</option>
<option value="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</option>
<option value="South Sudan">South Sudan</option>
<option value="Spain">Spain</option>
<option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option>
<option value="Sudan">Sudan</option>
<option value="Suriname">Suriname</option>
<option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</option>
<option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option>
<option value="Sweden">Sweden</option>
<option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option>
<option value="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian Arab Republic</option>
<option value="Taiwan">Taiwan</option>
<option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</option>
<option value="Tanzania, United Republic of">Tanzania, United Republic of</option>
<option value="Thailand">Thailand</option>
<option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</option>
<option value="Togo">Togo</option>
<option value="Tokelau">Tokelau</option>
<option value="Tonga">Tonga</option>
<option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</option>
<option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option>
<option value="Turkey">Turkey</option>
<option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option>
<option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</option>
<option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option>
<option value="Uganda">Uganda</option>
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Learn more COMPANY * About Us * Management Team * Board of Directors * Investors * Customers * Partners * Technology Partners * Contact Us NEWSROOM * News * Press Releases * Blogs CAREERS * Life at Menlo * Job Openings * Demo EN日本語한국어 * * Support Portal * Report a Vulnerability * Training & Certification * Search for: Search Most Searched * Secure Web Gateway (SWG) 101: Your primer to an isolation-based approach to cybersecurity * Hiding in plain sight: New Adwind jRAT Variant Uses normal Java commands to mask its behavior * U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) leads the industry with cloud-based internet isolation program * ISOMorph Infection: In-Depth Analysis of a New HTML Smuggling Campaign * Increase In Drive-by Attack: SocGholish Malware Downloads Back to blog AN ANATOMY OF HEAT ATTACKS USED BY QAKBOT CAMPAIGNS Share this article * * * * INTRODUCTION Qakbot, also known as QBot or Pinkslipbot, is a banking Trojan that has existed for over a decade. It was found in the wild in 2007 and since then it has been continually maintained and developed. Qakbot has become one of the leading banking Trojans around the globe. Its main purpose is to steal banking credentials (e.g., logins, passwords, etc.), though it has also acquired functionality allowing it to spy on financial operations, spread itself, and install ransomware to maximize revenue from compromised organizations. The delivery vehicle of Qakbot is usually an email to the victim. This could be either an email attachment or a link in the email. The email attachments generally involve a document that downloads the Qakbot payload. Menlo Labs has been seeing several such strains of Qakbot campaigns recently. In this blog, we’re going to discuss the different Qakbot campaigns that use various Highly Evasive Adaptive Threat (HEAT) techniques, and we’ll also explain how the Qakbot payload works. HEAT TECHNIQUES USED BY QAKBOT The different HEAT techniques used in Qakbot campaigns identified by Menlo Labs are as follows: * Email lure with hyperlink * Excel 4.0 macros * Follina exploit (CVE-2022-30190) * HTML Smuggling We will provide examples of each of these techniques. EMAIL LURE WITH HYPERLINK In this campaign, a benign domain is compromised to host the malicious payload, and the link to the payload is sent via an email. To evade existing defenses, Qakbot used password-protected ZIP files, a known HEAT technique. Below is a screenshot that shows the poor detection of these password-protected payloads on VT. The screenshot below shows the initial access method that Qakbot uses to evade existing defenses. The attack kill chain is as follows: * An email with a URL pointing to a malicious ZIP file is sent to the victims (hxxp[://]zigmatravels[.]lk/inmo/Main3173988897[.]zip). * The ZIP file is password protected (pwd – U523 md5 – afd1d504d88971e6f09d89e9dde8aeb8). * Inside the ZIP file is a link file with the ability to easily provide PowerShell commands or JS to execute. * Opening the link (md5 – 622D21C40A25F9834A03BFD5FF4710C1) file downloads the JS (md5 – 76cd1dfafc4d0fd89e228fe82ea721f6) file. The JS file then downloads the Qakbot payload. The screenshot below shows one of the malicious .lnk download JS files. The obfuscated JS file decrypts during runtime to download and execute payload from C2, as shown below. EXCEL 4.0 MACROS In this campaign, Excel 4.0 macros were used to add commands into spreadsheet cells and send the email attachments to the intended targets. Below are some examples of emails with attachments using Excel 4.0 macros to deliver Qakbot. Email showing attachments of Excel file. Upon opening the XLS document, the user is asked to enable the macro to execute the Excel 4.0 macros. These commands present in the XLS file download and execute payload from C2. CVE-2022-30190 In this campaign, a CVE-2022-30190 vulnerability (also referred to as Follina) was leveraged to deliver Qakbot. When executed, the document containing the exploit calls out to an external HTML file that uses ms-msdt URL protocol to execute PowerShell code. Below are some examples of emails with attachments using CVE-2022-30190 to deliver Qakbot. The following are some examples of documents using CVE-2022-30190 (md5 – 7a91b01a037ccbfe6589161643d0a65a) to deliver Qakbot. When we open the document, it tries to download the HTML file, which further downloads the Qakbot payload. HTML (md5 – ea48f95ab4f3ca3b0c687a726cb00c49) HTML SMUGGLING In this campaign, a specially crafted HTML attachment or web page was used to build the malware locally behind a firewall. Below are some examples of emails with an HTML Smuggling attachment. In this campaign, the spam email contains an HTML file (md5- 2881945BDF1DB34216CC565FEF4501D4) that was encoded with Base64, as shown. The “var text” function was Base64 encoded with an Adobe image and a password-protected ZIP file “Report Jul 14 71645.zip” (md5- 5F57C9BF0923DE15046CCB14E41CE0A6 pwd – abc444) that gets constructed on execution, as shown below. The infection chain of the attack is shown in the following image. The infection chain of the Qakbot attack using the HTML Smuggling technique is as follows: * The victim opens the HTML email attachment. * The HTML file constructs the payload by decoding the Base64 format and displays the Adobe image and a password-protected ZIP file. * On extracting the ZIP file with the password, an ISO file “Report Jul 14 71645.iso” is dropped in the victim’s machine. * The ISO file that contains the Qakbot payload makes its way to the victim’s machine. QAKBOT PAYLOAD ANALYSIS Next, we’ll explain the working of Qakbot payload, which uses the ISO file and the components present inside that are responsible for the Qakbot execution. REPORT JUL 14 71645.ISO The ISO file downloaded from the archive contains 7533.dll, calc.exe, Report Jul 14 71645.lnk, and WindowsCodecs.dll. The functionality and details of the file are as follows: * Report Jul 14 71645.lnk (md5 – 622D21C40A25F9834A03BFD5FF4710C1) * Shortcut file used to execute the payload * Calc.exe (md5 – 60B7C0FEAD45F2066E5B805A91F4F0FC) * Legitimate Windows 7 calculator application * Windows Codecs.dll (md5 – 21930ABBBB06588EDF0240CC60302143) * Malicious .dll used as a DLL sideload with calc.exe to run regsrv.exe and load 7533.dll * 7533.dll (md5 – 1FFFB3FDB0A4B780385CC5963FD4D40C) * Qakbot payload Upon executing the ISO file, the .lnk file executes calc.exe and uses .dll sideloading to load WindowsCodecs.dll, which then loads 7533.dll (Qakbot) using regsrv32.exe. To detonate the Qakbot payload, the DLL sideloading attack evasive technique is used. Using this technique, calc.exe loads the masqueraded WindowsCodecs.dll to load 7533.dll using regsv32.exe, as shown below. This final payload finally injects its malicious code into the wermgr.exe. The Qakbot payload using regsrv32.exe to load the .dll file is packed using a runtime packer. The packer involves an XOR decryption to get the unpacked version of Qakbot, as shown below. The unpacked payload is a 32-bit .dll file compiled on June 21, 2022. This unpacked binary stores the C2 and Botnet ID in the resource section RCDATA (3C91E639 – C2, 89210AF9- Botnet ID). It uses RC4 to decrypt its C2 and Botnet ID present in the resource section, as shown below. We created a Python script (shown in the Appendix) to decrypt the Botnet ID and C2 using RC4. The binary we analyzed was using BotnetID Obama 201. MENLO PROTECTION AGAINST QAKBOT Customers using Menlo are protected against the initial access, thereby preventing endpoint infection. The Menlo Platform protects against the following HEAT techniques employed by the Qakbot malware: PASSWORD-PROTECTED ZIP FILES The Menlo Platform opens all documents and archives downloaded from the Internet in the Isolation Core™, away from the user’s endpoint device. Malware actors commonly password protect malicious payloads to evade security defenses. If a download is password protected, then the Menlo Platform prompts a user to enter the password. Once the password is provided, the platform inspects the file and ensures that it’s safe for download. EXCEL 4.0 MACROS The Menlo email product wraps any attachments received from outside the organization. The wrapped attachment is then opened in the Isolation Core™, where the document is converted to a safe version that can be viewed by the user, while the inspection engines determine whether the file is good or bad. Policies can also be configured to ensure that all documents downloaded from the Internet are always viewed, or that a SAFE version of a document is downloaded to the endpoint. Menlo’s Safedoc feature strips out all active content, thereby ensuring that any malicious aspect is removed. FOLLINA EXPLOIT Follina is the name given to the exploit that takes advantage of Microsoft Diagnostic Tools to fetch and execute remote code. The Menlo Platform opens all documents and archives downloaded from the Internet in the Isolation Core™, away from the user’s endpoint. The document is converted to a safe version that can be viewed by the user, while the inspection engines determine whether the file is good or bad. Policies can also be configured to ensure that all documents downloaded from the Internet are always viewed, or that a SAFE version of a document is downloaded to the endpoint. Menlo’s Safedoc feature strips out all active content, thereby ensuring that the malicious aspect is removed. HTML SMUGGLING The goal of HTML Smuggling is to make use of HTML5/JavaScript features to deliver file downloads, and it usually comes in two flavors: * Deliver the download via Data URLs on the client device. * Create a JavaScript blob with the appropriate MIME-type that results in a download on the client device. While Qakbot uses HTML Smuggling via email attachments, Menlo Security has identified many malicious campaigns using the web vector for HTML Smuggling. A malicious payload that gets downloaded to the endpoint via HTML Smuggling evades all network inspection, because the payload is constructed on the browser. The Menlo Isolation Core™ has visibility into all types of JS and payloads constructed on the browser, and thus detects and blocks these kinds of attacks when delivered via the web vector. CONCLUSION In this post, we have showcased the different HEAT techniques used by Qakbot campaigns we analyzed. Customers using the Menlo Isolation platform are protected. IOC NameMd57533.dll1FFFB3FDB0A4B780385CC5963FD4D40CReport Jul 14 71645.lnk622D21C40A25F9834A03BFD5FF4710C1calc.exe60B7C0FEAD45F2066E5B805A91F4F0FCWindowsCodecs.dll21930ABBBB06588EDF0240CC60302143Report Jul 14 71645.ZIP5F57C9BF0923DE15046CCB14E41CE0A6Report Jul 14 71645.ISO0C9164296949B72BF82EC1951AB7AC3B C270.46.220.114:443179.111.8.52:32101208.107.221.224:443176.45.218.138:99524.158.23.166:99524.54.48.11:44389.101.97.139:44324.55.67.176:44324.139.72.117:443120.150.218.241:995174.69.215.101:44338.70.253.226:222241.228.22.180:443217.165.157.202:995172.115.177.204:2222173.21.10.71:222269.14.172.24:44347.23.89.60:993104.34.212.7:3210366.230.104.103:44381.158.239.251:2078179.158.105.44:443189.253.167.141:44324.178.196.158:2222174.80.15.101:2083187.116.126.216:32101100.38.242.113:99574.14.5.179:222240.134.246.185:995172.114.160.81:44372.252.157.93:99570.51.137.244:222282.41.63.217:443197.89.11.218:44337.34.253.233:44367.209.195.198:44367.165.206.193:99393.48.80.198:995111.125.245.116:9951.161.118.53:44376.25.142.196:443148.64.96.100:443217.128.122.65:222232.221.224.140:99547.180.172.159:44339.57.56.11:995186.90.153.162:222237.186.58.99:99586.97.10.37:44339.44.116.107:995182.191.92.203:99586.98.78.118:993117.248.109.38:2139.52.44.132:9951.161.118.53:99591.75.85.128:1194121.7.223.45:222239.41.90.210:99546.107.48.202:443190.252.242.69:443187.172.31.52:44372.252.157.93:99372.252.157.93:99047.145.130.171:44363.143.92.99:995197.92.136.122:44345.46.53.140:2222196.203.37.215:8094.59.138.43:222292.132.132.81:222239.49.48.167:995103.246.242.202:44384.241.8.23:3210394.59.15.180:222289.211.209.234:222294.36.193.176:222247.156.129.52:443201.172.20.105:2222109.12.111.14:44385.6.232.221:222296.37.113.36:9932.178.120.112:61202193.136.1.58:443103.133.11.10:995120.61.3.142:443182.52.159.24:44378.100.219.38:50010173.174.216.62:443106.51.48.188:5000167.69.166.79:222245.241.254.69:99388.240.59.52:44386.213.75.30:207824.43.99.75:443101.50.67.155:995108.56.213.219:9955.32.41.45:44339.53.139.2:99580.11.74.81:2222 MITRE ATT&CK TECHNIQUE TacticTechnique IDTechnique NameInitial AccessT1566SpearPhishingDefense EvasionT1027.006Html SmugglingDefense EvasionT1027Password Protected zipExecutionT1204User ExecutionDefense EvasionT1574.002DLL Side-LoadingDefense EvasionT1055Process InjectionCommand and ControlT1573.001RC4 Encryption APPENDIX QAKBOT CONFIG DECRYPTION CODE —----------------------Config Decrptor—----------------------------------- import hashlib from arc4 import ARC4 import struct import socket, sys key = b"\\System32\\WindowsPowerShel1\\v1.0\\powershel1.exe" key = hashlib.sha1(key).digest() print(key.hex()) file_res = open(sys.argv[1],"rb+") # c2 data from resource section file_data = file_res.read() file_res.close() rc4 = ARC4(key) data = rc4.decrypt(file_data) print(data) if len(data) > 70: data = data[20:] out = "" while data: flag, ip, port = struct.unpack(">BLH",data[:7]) ip = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('!L', ip)) data = data[7:] out += "{}:{}\n".format(ip,port) print(out) OUTPUT IMAGE Posted by Abhay Yadav on Aug 30, 2022 Email(Required) Email This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 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