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Submission: On January 01 via automatic, source openphish — Scanned from CA
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This website contacted 5 IPs
in 2 countries
across 4 domains to perform 81 HTTP transactions.
The main IP is 72.10.162.48, located in
Canada and
belongs to GTCOMM, CA.
The main domain is l-abe.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by cPanel, Inc. Certification Authority on October 27th 2021. Valid for: 3 months.
This is the only time l-abe.com was scanned on urlscan.io!
TLS certificate: Issued by cPanel, Inc. Certification Authority on October 27th 2021. Valid for: 3 months.
This is the only time l-abe.com was scanned on urlscan.io!
urlscan.io Verdict: Potentially Malicious
Targeting these brands: USPS (Transportation)Domain & IP information
| IP Address | AS Autonomous System | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 72.10.162.48 72.10.162.48 | 36666 (GTCOMM) (GTCOMM) | |
| 1 64 | 2606:2800:21f... 2606:2800:21f:3e9e:5a:9b8f:bddb:fb7c | 15133 (EDGECAST) (EDGECAST) | |
| 1 | 2607:f8b0:400... 2607:f8b0:4006:80d::200e | 15169 (GOOGLE) (GOOGLE) | |
| 1 | 2606:4700::68... 2606:4700::6811:e04e | 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET) | |
| 81 | 5 |
64
2606:2800:21f:3e9e:5a:9b8f:bddb:fb7c
(United States)
ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US)
ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US)
| tools.usps.com | |
| www.usps.com |
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| 64 |
usps.com
1 redirects
tools.usps.com www.usps.com |
346 KB |
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fonts.net
fast.fonts.net |
605 B |
| 1 |
googleoptimize.com
www.googleoptimize.com |
36 KB |
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l-abe.com
l-abe.com |
79 KB |
| 81 | 4 |
| Domain | Requested by | |
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| 47 | www.usps.com |
l-abe.com
tools.usps.com www.usps.com |
| 17 | tools.usps.com |
1 redirects
l-abe.com
tools.usps.com |
| 1 | fast.fonts.net |
tools.usps.com
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| 1 | www.googleoptimize.com |
l-abe.com
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| 1 | l-abe.com | |
| 81 | 5 |
This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.
| Subject Issuer | Validity | Valid | |
|---|---|---|---|
| l-abe.com cPanel, Inc. Certification Authority |
2021-10-27 - 2022-01-25 |
3 months | crt.sh |
| *.usps.com DigiCert SHA2 Secure Server CA |
2020-05-14 - 2022-05-16 |
2 years | crt.sh |
| *.google-analytics.com GTS CA 1C3 |
2021-11-29 - 2022-02-21 |
3 months | crt.sh |
| sni.cloudflaressl.com Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3 |
2021-07-06 - 2022-07-05 |
a year | crt.sh |
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USPS.com® - USPS Tracking® ResultsGenetic load From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Genetic load is the difference between the fitness of an average genotype in a population and the fitness of some reference genotype, which may be either the best present in a population, or may be the theoretically optimal genotype. The average individual taken from a population with a low genetic load will generally, when grown in the same conditions, have more surviving offspring.[1][2] Genetic load can also be seen as reduced fitness at the population level compared to what the population would have if all individuals had the reference high-fitness genotype.[3] High genetic load may put a population in danger of extinction. Contents 1 Fundamentals 2 Causes 2.1 Deleterious mutation 2.2 Beneficial mutation 2.3 Inbreeding 2.4 Recombination/segregation load 3 Migration load 4 References Fundamentals Consider n genotypes {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} _{1},\dots ,\mathbf {A} _{n}} {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} _{1},\dots ,\mathbf {A} _{n}}, which have the fitnesses {\displaystyle w_{1},\dots ,w_{n}} w_1, \dots, w_n and frequencies {\displaystyle p_{1},\dots ,p_{n}} {\displaystyle p_{1},\dots ,p_{n}}, respectively. Ignoring frequency-dependent selection, the genetic load {\displaystyle L} L may be calculated as: {\displaystyle L={{w_{\max }-{\bar {w}}} \over w_{\max }}} {\displaystyle L={{w_{\max }-{\bar {w}}} \over w_{\max }}} where {\displaystyle w_{\max }} w_\max is either some theoretical optimum, or the maximum fitness observed in the population. In calculating the genetic load, {\displaystyle w_{1}\dots w_{n}} w_1 \dots w_n must be actually found in at least a single copy in the population, and {\displaystyle {\bar {w}}} {\bar {w}} is the average fitness calculated as the mean of all the fitnesses weighted by their corresponding frequencies: {\displaystyle {\bar {w}}={\sum _{i=1}^{n}{p_{i}w_{i}}}} {\displaystyle {\bar {w}}={\sum _{i=1}^{n}{p_{i}w_{i}}}} where the {\displaystyle i^{\mathrm {th} }} i^\mathrm{th} genotype is {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} _{i}} {\mathbf {A}}_{i} and has the fitness and frequency {\displaystyle w_{i}} w_{i} and {\displaystyle p_{i}} p_{i} respectively. One problem with calculating genetic load is that it is difficult to evaluate either the theoretically optimal genotype, or the maximally fit genotype actually present in the population.[4] This is not a problem within mathematical models of genetic load, or for empirical studies that compare the relative value of genetic load in one setting to genetic load in another. Causes Deleterious mutation Deleterious mutation load is the main contributing factor to genetic load overall.[5] Most mutations are deleterious[citation needed], and occur at a high rate[citation needed]. The Haldane-Muller theorem of mutation-selection balance says that the load depends only on the deleterious mutation rate and not on the selection coefficient.[6] Specifically, relative to an ideal genotype of fitness 1, the mean population fitness is {\displaystyle \exp(-U)} {\displaystyle \exp(-U)} where U is the total deleterious mutation rate summed over many independent sites. The intuition for the lack of dependence on the selection coefficient is that while a mutation with stronger effects does more harm per generation, its harm is felt for fewer generations. A slightly deleterious mutation may not stay in mutation-selection balance but may instead become fixed by genetic drift when its selection coefficient is less than one divided by the effective population size.[7] In asexual populations, the stochastic accumulation of mutation load is called Muller's ratchet, and occurs in the absence of beneficial mutations, when after the most-fit genotype has been lost, it cannot be regained by genetic recombination. Deterministic accumulation of mutation load occurs in asexuals when the deleterious mutation rate exceeds one per replication.[8] Sexually reproducing species are expected to have lower genetic loads.[9] This is one hypothesis for the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction. Purging of deleterious mutations in sexual populations is facilitated by synergistic epistasis among deleterious mutations.[10] High load can lead to a small population size, which in turn increases the accumulation of mutation load, culminating in extinction via mutational meltdown.[11][12] The accumulation of deleterious mutations in humans has been of concern to many geneticists, including Hermann Joseph Muller,[13] James F. Crow,[10] Alexey Kondrashov,[14] W. D. Hamilton,[15] and Michael Lynch.[16] Beneficial mutation New beneficial mutations create fitter genotypes than those previously present in the population[citation needed]. When load is calculated as the difference between the fittest genotype present and the average, this creates a substitutional load. The difference between the theoretical maximum (which may not actually be present) and the average is known as the "lag load".[17] Motoo Kimura's original argument for the neutral theory of molecular evolution was that if most differences between species were adaptive, this would exceed the speed limit to adaptation set by the substitutional load.[18] However, Kimura's argument confused the lag load with the substitutional load, using the former when it is the latter that in fact sets the maximal rate of evolution by natural selection.[19] More recent "travelling wave" models of rapid adaptation derive a term called the "lead" that is equivalent to the substitutional load, and find that it is a critical determinant of the rate of adaptive evolution.[20][21] Inbreeding Inbreeding increases homozygosity. In the short run, an increase in inbreeding increases the probability with which offspring get two copies of a recessive deleterious alleles, lowering fitnesses via inbreeding depression.[22] In a species that habitually inbreeds, e.g. through self-fertilization, recessive deleterious alleles are purged.[23][24] Recombination/segregation load Combinations of alleles that have evolved to work well together may not work when recombined with a different suite of coevolved alleles, leading to outbreeding depression. Segregation load is the presence of underdominant heterozygotes (i.e. heterozygotes that are less fit than either homozygote). Recombination load arises through unfavorable combinations across multiple loci that appear when favorable linkage disequilibria are broken down.[25] Recombination load can also arise by combining deleterious alleles subject to synergestic epistasis, i.e. whose damage in combination is greater than that predicted from considering them in isolation.[26] Migration load Migration load is the result of nonnative organisms that aren’t adapted to a particular environment coming into that environment. If they breed with individuals who are adapted to that environment, their offspring will not be as fit as they would have been if both of their parents had been adapted to that particular environment.[27][28][29] Migration load can also occur in asexually reproducing species, but in this case, purging of low fitness genotypes is more straightforward. References Whitlock, Michael C.; Bourguet, Denis (2000). "Factors affecting the genetic load in Drosophila: synergistic epistasis and correlations among fitness components". Evolution. 54 (5): 1654–1660. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[1654:FATGLI]2.0.CO;2. PMID 11108592. Crist, Kathryn Carvey; Farrar, Donald R. (1983). "Genetic load and long-distance dispersal in Asplenium platyneuron". Canadian Journal of Botany. 61 (6): 1809–1814. doi:10.1139/b83-190. JF Crow (1958). "Some possibilities for measuring selection intensities in man". Human Biology. 30 (1): 1–13. PMID 13513111. Agrawal, Aneil F.; Whitlock, Michael C. (2012). "Mutation load: the fitness of individuals in populations where deleterious alleles are abundant". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 43 (1): 115–135. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160257. Klekowski, EdwardJ. (1988). "Genetic load and its causes in long-lived plants". Trees. 2 (4): 195–203. doi:10.1007/BF00202374. Bürger, Reinhard (1998). "Mathematical properties of mutation-selection models". Genetica. 102/103: 279–298. doi:10.1023/a:1017043111100. Lande, Russell (October 1994). "Risk of Population Extinction from Fixation of New Deleterious Mutations". Evolution. 48 (5): 1460. doi:10.2307/2410240. Kondrashov, A. S. (1988). "Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual reproduction". Nature. 336 (6198): 435–440. Bibcode:1988Natur.336..435K. doi:10.1038/336435a0. PMID 3057385. Marriage, Tara N. (2009). Mutation, asexual reproduction and genetic load: A study in three parts (Ph.D. thesis). University of Kansas. Crow, James F. (5 August 1997). "The high spontaneous mutation rate: Is it a health risk?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (16): 8380–8386. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.8380C. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8380. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 33757. PMID 9237985. Lynch, Michael; Conery, John; Burger, Reinhard (December 1995). "Mutational Meltdowns in Sexual Populations". Evolution. 49 (6): 1067. doi:10.2307/2410432. Lynch, Michael; Conery, John; Burger, Reinhard (1 January 1995). "Mutation Accumulation and the Extinction of Small Populations". The American Naturalist. 146 (4): 489–518. doi:10.1086/285812. JSTOR 2462976. Muller, H. J. (1 June 1950). "Our load of mutations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 2 (2): 111–176. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1716299. PMID 14771033. Kondrashov, Alexey S. (21 August 1995). "Contamination of the genome by very slightly deleterious mutations: why have we not died 100 times over?". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 175 (4): 583–594. doi:10.1006/jtbi.1995.0167. PMID 7475094. Hamilton, W.D. Narrow Roads of Gene Land vol. 2: Evolution of Sex. pp. 449–463. Lynch, M. (7 March 2016). "Mutation and Human Exceptionalism: Our Future Genetic Load". Genetics. 202 (3): 869–875. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.180471. PMC 4788123. PMID 26953265. Smith, J. Maynard (1 January 1976). "What Determines the Rate of Evolution?". The American Naturalist. 110 (973): 331–338. doi:10.1086/283071. JSTOR 2459757. Kimura, Motoo (1968). "Evolutionary rate at the molecular level" (– Scholar search). Nature. 217 (5129): 624–626. Bibcode:1968Natur.217..624K. doi:10.1038/217624a0. PMID 5637732. Ewens, Warren J. (2003). Mathematical population genetics (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 78. ISBN 978-0387201917. Desai, M. M.; Fisher, D. S. (4 May 2007). "Beneficial Mutation Selection Balance and the Effect of Linkage on Positive Selection". Genetics. 176 (3): 1759–1798. doi:10.1534/genetics.106.067678. Bertram, J; Gomez, K; Masel, J (February 2017). "Predicting patterns of long-term adaptation and extinction with population genetics". Evolution. 71 (2): 204–214. doi:10.1111/evo.13116. Saccheri, I. J.; Lloyd, H. D.; Helyar, S. J.; Brakefield, P. M. (2005). "Inbreeding uncovers fundamental differences in the genetic load affecting male and female fertility in a butterfly". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1558): 39–46. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2903. PMC 1634945. PMID 15875568. Byers, D. L.; Waller, D. M. (1999). "Do plant populations purge their genetic load? Effects of population size and mating history on inbreeding depression". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 30 (1): 479–513. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.479. Barrett, S. C. H.; Charlesworth, D. (1991). "Effects of a change in the level of inbreeding on the genetic load". Nature. 352 (6335): 522–524. Bibcode:1991Natur.352..522B. doi:10.1038/352522a0. PMID 1865906. Haag, C. R.; Roze, D. (2007). "Genetic load in sexual and asexual diploids: segregation, dominance and genetic drift". Genetics. 176 (3): 1663–1678. doi:10.1534/genetics.107.073080. PMC 1931546. PMID 17483409. King, J. (1966). "The gene interaction component of the genetic load". Genetics. 53 (3): 403–413. PMC 1211027. PMID 5919323. Bolnick, Daniel I.; Nosil, Patrik (2007). "Natural selection in populations subject to a migration load". Evolution. 61 (9): 2229–2243. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00179.x. Hu, Xin-Sheng; Li, Bailian (2003). "On migration load of seeds and pollen grains in a local population". Heredity. 90 (2): 162–168. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800212. PMID 12634823. Ilkka Hanski; Oscar E. Gaggiotti, eds. (2004). Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution of Metapopulations. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-323448-3. Categories: Population genetics Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Қазақша Русский Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 3 September 2018, at 20:06 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersCookie statementMobile view Polyploidy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with "polypoid", resembling a polyp. This image shows haploid (single), diploid (double), triploid (triple), and tetraploid (quadruple) sets of chromosomes. Triploid and tetraploid chromosomes are examples of polyploidy. Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues.[1] This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, prokaryotes, may be polyploid, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni.[2] Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis. Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning "not", "good", and "fold"). Aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.[3] Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis. In addition, it can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content. Polyploidy occurs in highly differentiated human tissues in the liver, heart muscle, bone marrow and the placenta.[4] It occurs in the somatic cells of some animals, such as goldfish,[5] salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids. Polyploidization is a mechanism of sympatric speciation because polyploids are usually unable to interbreed with their diploid ancestors. An example is the plant Erythranthe peregrina. Sequencing confirmed that this species originated from E. x robertsii, a sterile triploid hybrid between E. guttata and E. lutea, both of which have been introduced and naturalised in the United Kingdom. New populations of E. peregrina arose on the Scottish mainland and the Orkney Islands via genome duplication from local populations of E. x robertsii.[6] Because of a rare genetic mutation, E. peregrina is not sterile.[7] Contents 1 Types 2 Animals 2.1 Humans 3 Plants 3.1 Crops 3.1.1 Examples 4 Fungi 5 Chromalveolata 6 Terminology 6.1 Autopolyploidy 6.2 Allopolyploidy 6.3 Paleopolyploidy 6.4 Karyotype 6.5 Homoeologous chromosomes 7 Bacteria 8 Archaea 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Types Organ-specific patterns of endopolyploidy (from 2x to 64x) in the giant ant Dinoponera australis Polyploid types are labeled according to the number of chromosome sets in the nucleus. The letter x is used to represent the number of chromosomes in a single set. triploid (three sets; 3x), for example seedless watermelons, common in the phylum Tardigrada[8] tetraploid (four sets; 4x), for example Salmonidae fish,[9] the cotton Gossypium hirsutum [10] pentaploid (five sets; 5x), for example Kenai Birch (Betula papyrifera var. kenaica) hexaploid (six sets; 6x), for example wheat, kiwifruit[11] heptaploid or septaploid (seven sets; 7x) octaploid or octoploid, (eight sets; 8x), for example Acipenser (genus of sturgeon fish), dahlias decaploid (ten sets; 10x), for example certain strawberries dodecaploid (twelve sets; 12x), for example the plants Celosia argentea and Spartina anglica[12] or the amphibian Xenopus ruwenzoriensis. Animals Examples in animals are more common in non-vertebrates[13] such as flatworms, leeches, and brine shrimp. Within vertebrates, examples of stable polyploidy include the salmonids and many cyprinids (i.e. carp).[14] Some fish have as many as 400 chromosomes.[14] Polyploidy also occurs commonly in amphibians; for example the biomedically-important genus Xenopus contains many different species with as many as 12 sets of chromosomes (dodecaploid).[15] Polyploid lizards are also quite common, but are sterile and must reproduce by parthenogenesis.[citation needed] Polyploid mole salamanders (mostly triploids) are all female and reproduce by kleptogenesis,[16] "stealing" spermatophores from diploid males of related species to trigger egg development but not incorporating the males' DNA into the offspring. While mammalian liver cells are polyploid, rare instances of polyploid mammals are known, but most often result in prenatal death. An octodontid rodent of Argentina's harsh desert regions, known as the plains viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae) has been reported as an exception to this 'rule'.[17] However, careful analysis using chromosome paints shows that there are only two copies of each chromosome in T. barrerae, not the four expected if it were truly a tetraploid.[18] This rodent is not a rat, but kin to guinea pigs and chinchillas. Its "new" diploid [2n] number is 102 and so its cells are roughly twice normal size. Its closest living relation is Octomys mimax, the Andean Viscacha-Rat of the same family, whose 2n = 56. It was therefore surmised that an Octomys-like ancestor produced tetraploid (i.e., 2n = 4x = 112) offspring that were, by virtue of their doubled chromosomes, reproductively isolated from their parents. Polyploidy was induced in fish by Har Swarup (1956) using a cold-shock treatment of the eggs close to the time of fertilization, which produced triploid embryos that successfully matured.[19][20] Cold or heat shock has also been shown to result in unreduced amphibian gametes, though this occurs more commonly in eggs than in sperm.[21] John Gurdon (1958) transplanted intact nuclei from somatic cells to produce diploid eggs in the frog, Xenopus (an extension of the work of Briggs and King in 1952) that were able to develop to the tadpole stage.[22] The British Scientist, J. B. S. Haldane hailed the work for its potential medical applications and, in describing the results, became one of the first to use the word “clone” in reference to animals. Later work by Shinya Yamanaka showed how mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, extending the possibilities to non-stem cells. Gurdon and Yamanaka were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012 for this work.[22] Humans Further information: Triploid syndrome True polyploidy rarely occurs in humans, although polyploid cells occur in highly differentiated tissue, such as liver parenchyma, heart muscle, placenta and in bone marrow.[4][23] Aneuploidy is more common. Polyploidy occurs in humans in the form of triploidy, with 69 chromosomes (sometimes called 69,XXX), and tetraploidy with 92 chromosomes (sometimes called 92,XXXX). Triploidy, usually due to polyspermy, occurs in about 2–3% of all human pregnancies and ~15% of miscarriages.[citation needed] The vast majority of triploid conceptions end as a miscarriage; those that do survive to term typically die shortly after birth. In some cases, survival past birth may be extended if there is mixoploidy with both a diploid and a triploid cell population present. There has been one report of a child surviving to the age of seven months with complete triploidy syndrome. He failed to exhibit normal mental or physical neonatal development, and died from a Pneumocystis carinii infection, which indicates a weak immune system.[24] Triploidy may be the result of either digyny (the extra haploid set is from the mother) or diandry (the extra haploid set is from the father). Diandry is mostly caused by reduplication of the paternal haploid set from a single sperm, but may also be the consequence of dispermic (two sperm) fertilization of the egg.[25] Digyny is most commonly caused by either failure of one meiotic division during oogenesis leading to a diploid oocyte or failure to extrude one polar body from the oocyte. Diandry appears to predominate among early miscarriages, while digyny predominates among triploid zygotes that survive into the fetal period.[citation needed] However, among early miscarriages, digyny is also more common in those cases <8.5 weeks gestational age or those in which an embryo is present. There are also two distinct phenotypes in triploid placentas and fetuses that are dependent on the origin of the extra haploid set. In digyny, there is typically an asymmetric poorly grown fetus, with marked adrenal hypoplasia and a very small placenta.[citation needed] In diandry, a partial hydatidiform mole develops.[25] These parent-of-origin effects reflect the effects of genomic imprinting.[citation needed] Complete tetraploidy is more rarely diagnosed than triploidy, but is observed in 1–2% of early miscarriages. However, some tetraploid cells are commonly found in chromosome analysis at prenatal diagnosis and these are generally considered 'harmless'. It is not clear whether these tetraploid cells simply tend to arise during in vitro cell culture or whether they are also present in placental cells in vivo. There are, at any rate, very few clinical reports of fetuses/infants diagnosed with tetraploidy mosaicism. Mixoploidy is quite commonly observed in human preimplantation embryos and includes haploid/diploid as well as diploid/tetraploid mixed cell populations. It is unknown whether these embryos fail to implant and are therefore rarely detected in ongoing pregnancies or if there is simply a selective process favoring the diploid cells. Plants Speciation via polyploidy: A diploid cell undergoes failed meiosis, producing diploid gametes, which self-fertilize to produce a tetraploid zygote. Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30–80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes.[26][27][28] Huge explosions in angiosperm species diversity appear to have coincided with the timing of ancient genome duplications shared by many species.[29] It has been established that 15% of angiosperm and 31% of fern speciation events are accompanied by ploidy increase.[30] Polyploid plants can arise spontaneously in nature by several mechanisms, including meiotic or mitotic failures, and fusion of unreduced (2n) gametes.[31] Both autopolyploids (e.g. potato [32]) and allopolyploids (e.g. canola, wheat, cotton) can be found among both wild and domesticated plant species. Most polyploids display novel variation or morphologies relative to their parental species, that may contribute to the processes of speciation and eco-niche exploitation.[27][31] The mechanisms leading to novel variation in newly formed allopolyploids may include gene dosage effects (resulting from more numerous copies of genome content), the reunion of divergent gene regulatory hierarchies, chromosomal rearrangements, and epigenetic remodeling, all of which affect gene content and/or expression levels.[33][34][35][36] Many of these rapid changes may contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. However seed generated from interploidy crosses, such as between polyploids and their parent species, usually suffer from aberrant endosperm development which impairs their viability,[37][38] thus contributing to polyploid speciation. Lomatia tasmanica is an extremely rare Tasmanian shrub that is triploid and sterile; reproduction is entirely vegetative, with all plants having the same genetic constitution. There are few naturally occurring polyploid conifers. One example is the Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens, which is a hexaploid (6x) with 66 chromosomes (2n = 6x = 66), although the origin is unclear.[39] Aquatic plants, especially the Monocotyledons, include a large number of polyploids.[40] Crops The induction of polyploidy is a common technique to overcome the sterility of a hybrid species during plant breeding. For example, Triticale is the hybrid of wheat (Triticum turgidum) and rye (Secale cereale). It combines sought-after characteristics of the parents, but the initial hybrids are sterile. After polyploidization, the hybrid becomes fertile and can thus be further propagated to become triticale. In some situations, polyploid crops are preferred because they are sterile. For example, many seedless fruit varieties are seedless as a result of polyploidy. Such crops are propagated using asexual techniques, such as grafting. Polyploidy in crop plants is most commonly induced by treating seeds with the chemical colchicine. Examples Triploid crops: some apple varieties (e.g. Belle de Boskoop, Jonagold, Mutsu, Ribston Pippin), banana, citrus, ginger, watermelon[41] Tetraploid crops: very few apple varieties, durum or macaroni wheat, cotton, potato, canola/rapeseed, leek, tobacco, peanut, kinnow, Pelargonium Hexaploid crops: chrysanthemum, bread wheat, triticale, oat, kiwifruit[11] Octaploid crops: strawberry, dahlia, pansies, sugar cane, oca (Oxalis tuberosa)[42] Dodecaploid crops: some sugar cane hybrids [43] Some crops are found in a variety of ploidies: tulips and lilies are commonly found as both diploid and triploid; daylilies (Hemerocallis cultivars) are available as either diploid or tetraploid; apples and kinnow mandarins can be diploid, triploid, or tetraploid. Fungi Schematic phylogeny of the fungi. Red circles indicate polyploidy, blue squares indicate hybridization. From Albertin and Marullo, 2012[44] Besides plants and animals, the evolutionary history of various fungal species is dotted by past and recent whole-genome duplication events (see Albertin and Marullo 2012[44] for review). Several examples of polyploids are known: autopolyploid: the aquatic fungi of genus Allomyces,[45] some Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used in bakery,[46] etc. allopolyploid: the widespread Cyathus stercoreus,[47] the allotetraploid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus,[48] the allotriploid wine spoilage yeast Dekkera bruxellensis,[49] etc. paleopolyploid: the human pathogen Rhizopus oryzae,[50] the genus Saccharomyces,[51] etc. In addition, polyploidy is frequently associated with hybridization and reticulate evolution that appear to be highly prevalent in several fungal taxa. Indeed, homoploid speciation (i.e., hybrid speciation without a change in chromosome number) has been evidenced for some fungal species (e.g., the basidiomycota Microbotryum violaceum [52]). Schematic phylogeny of the Chromalveolata. Red circles indicate polyploidy, blue squares indicate hybridization. From Albertin and Marullo, 2012[44] As for plants and animals, fungal hybrids and polyploids display structural and functional modifications compared to their progenitors and diploid counterparts. In particular, the structural and functional outcomes of polyploid Saccharomyces genomes strikingly reflect the evolutionary fate of plant polyploid ones. Large chromosomal rearrangements[53] leading to chimeric chromosomes[54] have been described, as well as more punctual genetic modifications such as gene loss.[55] The homoealleles of the allotetraploid yeast S. pastorianus show unequal contribution to the transcriptome.[56] Phenotypic diverDetected technologies
Bootstrap
(Web Frameworks)
Expand
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
Detected patterns
- <link[^>]* href=[^>]*?bootstrap(?:[^>]*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)[^>]*?(?:\.min)?\.css
RequireJS
(JavaScript Frameworks)
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Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
Detected patterns
- require.*\.js
Google Optimize
(A/B Testing)
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Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
Detected patterns
- googleoptimize\.com/optimize\.js
Modernizr
(JavaScript Libraries)
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Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
Detected patterns
- ([\d.]+)?/modernizr(?:\.([\d.]+))?.*\.js
jQuery
(JavaScript Libraries)
Expand
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
Detected patterns
- jquery[.-]([\d.]*\d)[^/]*\.js
- jquery.*\.js(?:\?ver(?:sion)?=([\d.]+))?
jQuery UI
(JavaScript Libraries)
Expand
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
Detected patterns
- jquery-ui.*\.js
Page Statistics
108 Outgoing links
These are links going to different origins than the main page.
URL: https://reg.usps.com/entreg/LoginAction_input?app=UspsTools&appURL=https://l-abe.com/--/f39f4818e0fff87d6ed2fbecb7d0fe7e/
Title: Register / Sign In
Title: Register / Sign In
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://tools.usps.com/go/TrackConfirmAction_input
Title: Track a Package
Title: Track a Package
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://informeddelivery.usps.com/
Title: Informed Delivery
Title: Informed Delivery
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://tools.usps.com/find-location.htm
Title: Find USPS Locations
Title: Find USPS Locations
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/browse/category.jsp?categoryId=buy-stamps
Title: Buy Stamps
Title: Buy Stamps
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://tools.usps.com/schedule-pickup-steps.htm
Title: Schedule a Pickup
Title: Schedule a Pickup
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://postcalc.usps.com/
Title: Calculate a Price
Title: Calculate a Price
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction_input
Title: Look Up a ZIP Code™
Title: Look Up a ZIP Code™
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://holdmail.usps.com/holdmail/
Title: Hold Mail
Title: Hold Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://moversguide.usps.com/?referral=MG82
Title: Change My Address
Title: Change My Address
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/po-boxes.htm
Title: Rent/Renew a PO Box
Title: Rent/Renew a PO Box
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/browse/category.jsp?categoryId=shipping-supplies
Title: Free Boxes
Title: Free Boxes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://cns.usps.com/
Title: Click-N-Ship
Title: Click-N-Ship
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/
Title: Mail & Ship
Title: Mail & Ship
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/
Title: Stamps & Supplies
Title: Stamps & Supplies
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/letters.htm
Title: Sending Mail
Title: Sending Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/packages.htm
Title: Sending Packages
Title: Sending Packages
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/insurance-extra-services.htm
Title: Insurance & Extra Services
Title: Insurance & Extra Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/shipping-restrictions.htm
Title: Shipping Restrictions
Title: Shipping Restrictions
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/online-shipping.htm
Title: Online Shipping
Title: Online Shipping
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/label-broker.htm
Title: Label Broker
Title: Label Broker
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/custom-mail.htm
Title: Custom Mail, Cards, & Envelopes
Title: Custom Mail, Cards, & Envelopes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/mail-shipping-services.htm
Title: Mail & Shipping Services
Title: Mail & Shipping Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/priority-mail-express.htm
Title: Priority Mail Express
Title: Priority Mail Express
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/priority-mail.htm
Title: Priority Mail
Title: Priority Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/first-class-mail.htm
Title: First-Class Mail
Title: First-Class Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/apo-fpo-dpo.htm
Title: Military & Diplomatic Mail
Title: Military & Diplomatic Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/shop/money-orders.htm
Title: Money Orders
Title: Money Orders
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/go-now.htm
Title: Print and ship from home. Start Click-N-Ship.Print and ship from home. Start Click-N-Ship.
Title: Print and ship from home. Start Click-N-Ship.Print and ship from home. Start Click-N-Ship.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/
Title: Track & Manage
Title: Track & Manage
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://retail-pi.usps.com/retailpi/actions/index.action
Title: Intercept a Package
Title: Intercept a Package
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://tools.usps.com/redelivery.htm
Title: Schedule a Redelivery
Title: Schedule a Redelivery
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://moversguide.usps.com/?referral=MG80
Title: Change of Address
Title: Change of Address
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/forward.htm
Title: Forwarding Mail
Title: Forwarding Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/package-intercept.htm
Title: Redirecting a Package
Title: Redirecting a Package
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/mailboxes.htm
Title: Mailbox Guidelines
Title: Mailbox Guidelines
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/mail-for-deceased.htm
Title: Mail for the Deceased
Title: Mail for the Deceased
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/manage/go-now.htm
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store
Title: Postal Store
Title: Postal Store
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/browse/category.jsp?categoryId=cards-envelopes
Title: Cards & Envelopes
Title: Cards & Envelopes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/pse/
Title: Personalized Stamped Envelopes
Title: Personalized Stamped Envelopes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/browse/category.jsp?categoryId=stamp-collectors
Title: Collectors
Title: Collectors
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/browse/category.jsp?categoryId=stamp-gifts
Title: Gifts
Title: Gifts
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://store.usps.com/store/results/business/_/N-1y2576k
Title: Business Supplies
Title: Business Supplies
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/shop/returns-exchanges.htm
Title: Returns & Exchanges
Title: Returns & Exchanges
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/store/go-now.htm
Title: Shop Forever Stamps. Shop now.Shop Forever Stamps. Shop now.
Title: Shop Forever Stamps. Shop now.Shop Forever Stamps. Shop now.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/
Title: Business
Title: Business
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://dbcalc.usps.com/
Title: Calculate a Business Price
Title: Calculate a Business Price
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://eddm.usps.com/eddm/customer/routeSearch.action
Title: Every Door Direct Mail
Title: Every Door Direct Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/go-now.htm
Title: Grow your business with Every Door Direct Mail. Try EDDM now.Grow your business with Every Door Direct Mail. Try EDDM now.
Title: Grow your business with Every Door Direct Mail. Try EDDM now.Grow your business with Every Door Direct Mail. Try EDDM now.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/business-shipping.htm
Title: Shipping for Business
Title: Shipping for Business
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/shipping-consolidators.htm
Title: Shipping Consolidators
Title: Shipping Consolidators
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/advertise-with-mail.htm
Title: Advertising with Mail
Title: Advertising with Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/every-door-direct-mail.htm
Title: Using EDDM
Title: Using EDDM
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/vendors.htm
Title: Mailing & Printing Services
Title: Mailing & Printing Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/customized-direct-mail.htm
Title: Customized Direct Mail
Title: Customized Direct Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/political-mail.htm
Title: Political Mail
Title: Political Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/promotions-incentives.htm
Title: Promotions & Incentives
Title: Promotions & Incentives
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/informed-delivery.htm
Title: Informed Delivery Marketing
Title: Informed Delivery Marketing
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/product-samples.htm
Title: Product Samples
Title: Product Samples
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/postage-options.htm
Title: Postage Options
Title: Postage Options
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/verify-postage.htm
Title: Verifying Postage
Title: Verifying Postage
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/return-services.htm
Title: Returns Services
Title: Returns Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/international-shipping.htm
Title: International Business Shipping
Title: International Business Shipping
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/manage-mail.htm
Title: Managing Business Mail
Title: Managing Business Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/web-tools-apis/
Title: Web Tools (APIs)
Title: Web Tools (APIs)
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/business/prices.htm
Title: Prices
Title: Prices
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/
Title: International
Title: International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://ircalc.usps.com/
Title: Calculate International Prices
Title: Calculate International Prices
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/go-now.htm
Title: Use our online scheduler to make a passport appointment. Schedule Today.Use our online scheduler to make a passport appointment. Schedule Today.
Title: Use our online scheduler to make a passport appointment. Schedule Today.Use our online scheduler to make a passport appointment. Schedule Today.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/international-how-to.htm
Title: Printing & Shipping International
Title: Printing & Shipping International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/mail-shipping-services.htm
Title: International Mail Services
Title: International Mail Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/gxg.htm
Title: Global Express Guaranteed
Title: Global Express Guaranteed
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/priority-mail-express-international.htm
Title: Priority Mail Express International
Title: Priority Mail Express International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/priority-mail-international.htm
Title: Priority Mail International
Title: Priority Mail International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/first-class-mail-international.htm
Title: First-Class Mail International
Title: First-Class Mail International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/insurance-extra-services.htm
Title: International Insurance & Extra Services
Title: International Insurance & Extra Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/preparing-international-shipments.htm
Title: Sending International Shipments
Title: Sending International Shipments
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/shipping-restrictions.htm
Title: Shipping Restrictions
Title: Shipping Restrictions
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/customs-forms.htm
Title: Completing Customs Forms
Title: Completing Customs Forms
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/ship/apo-fpo-dpo.htm?pov=international
Title: Military & Diplomatic Mail
Title: Military & Diplomatic Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/money-transfers.htm
Title: Sending Money Abroad
Title: Sending Money Abroad
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/international/passports.htm
Title: Passports
Title: Passports
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://faq.usps.com/s/
Title: Help
Title: Help
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/help/missing-mail.htm
Title: Finding Missing Mail
Title: Finding Missing Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/help/claims.htm
Title: Filing a Claim
Title: Filing a Claim
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/help/refunds.htm
Title: Requesting a Refund
Title: Requesting a Refund
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/search/results.htm?PNO=1&keyword=PO%20Boxes
Title: PO BOXES
Title: PO BOXES
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/search/results.htm?PNO=1&keyword=Passports
Title: PASSPORTS
Title: PASSPORTS
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/search/results.htm?PNO=1&keyword=Free%20Boxes
Title: FREE BOXES
Title: FREE BOXES
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/help/contact-us.htm
Title: Contact Us
Title: Contact Us
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.usps.com/globals/site-index.htm
Title: Site Index
Title: Site Index
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/
Title: About USPS Home
Title: About USPS Home
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/newsroom/
Title: Newsroom
Title: Newsroom
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/newsroom/service-alerts/
Title: USPS Service Updates
Title: USPS Service Updates
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/resources/
Title: Forms & Publications
Title: Forms & Publications
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/what-we-are-doing/gov-services/
Title: Government Services
Title: Government Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/careers/
Title: Careers
Title: Careers
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://gateway.usps.com/
Title: Business Customer Gateway
Title: Business Customer Gateway
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.uspis.gov/
Title: Postal Inspectors
Title: Postal Inspectors
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://www.uspsoig.gov/
Title: Inspector General
Title: Inspector General
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://pe.usps.com/
Title: Postal Explorer
Title: Postal Explorer
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://postalmuseum.si.edu/
Title: National Postal Museum
Title: National Postal Museum
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/who/legal/privacy-policy/
Title: Privacy Policy
Title: Privacy Policy
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/who/legal/terms-of-use.htm
Title: Terms of Use
Title: Terms of Use
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/who/legal/foia/
Title: FOIA
Title: FOIA
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
URL: https://about.usps.com/who/legal/no-fear-act/
Title: No FEAR Act EEO Data
Title: No FEAR Act EEO Data
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Redirected requests
There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:
Request Chain 14- https://tools.usps.com/go/styles/qt.css HTTP 302
- https://www.usps.com/root/global/server_responses/error_404.htm
81 HTTP transactions
| Method Protocol |
Resource Path |
Size x-fer |
Type MIME-Type |
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|
GET H2 |
Primary Request
/
l-abe.com/--/f39f4818e0fff87d6ed2fbecb7d0fe7e/ |
79 KB 79 KB |
Document
text/html |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
jquery.min.js
tools.usps.com/go/scripts/libs/ |
83 KB 29 KB |
Script
application/x-javascript |
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General
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Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
metrics-all.js
tools.usps.com/go/js/modules/usps/metrics/ |
11 KB 3 KB |
Script
application/x-javascript |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
optimize.js
www.googleoptimize.com/ |
91 KB 36 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
footer.css
tools.usps.com/go/css/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
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Response headers
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|
GET H2 |
bootstrap.min.css
tools.usps.com/go/css/libs/ |
118 KB 19 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
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Response headers
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|
GET H2 |
calendar.css
tools.usps.com/go/css/redelivery-reskin/ |
14 KB 3 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
datepicker3.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/libs/ |
21 KB 2 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
main.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/ |
78 KB 13 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
tracking-cross-sell.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
jquery-ui.min.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/redelivery-reskin/ |
31 KB 8 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
schedule-redelivery.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/redelivery-reskin/ |
23 KB 5 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
require-jquery.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/ |
74 B 186 B |
Script
application/javascript |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
helpers.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/ |
695 B 464 B |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
search-fe.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/script/ |
2 KB 1017 B |
Script
application/javascript |
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|
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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|
GET H2 |
error_404.htm
www.usps.com/root/global/server_responses/ Redirect Chain
|
0 0 |
Stylesheet
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jquery.min.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/jquery/dist/ |
94 KB 33 KB |
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application/javascript |
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resize-manager.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/ |
1 KB 1 KB |
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application/javascript |
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megamenu-v2.css
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/css/ |
44 KB 7 KB |
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text/css |
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logo-sb.svg
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
3 KB 2 KB |
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hamburger.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
546 B 398 B |
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image/svg+xml |
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logo_mobile.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1014 B |
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search.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 882 B |
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tracking.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1 KB |
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mailman.svg
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
2 KB 973 B |
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location.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
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stamps.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 635 B |
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schedule_pickup.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1 KB |
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calculate_price.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 878 B |
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find_zip.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 875 B |
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holdmail.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 862 B |
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change_address.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1017 B |
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po_box.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 955 B |
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free_boxes.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 726 B |
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featured_clicknship.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 599 B |
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go-now.png
www.usps.com/ship/ |
20 KB 20 KB |
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go-now.png
www.usps.com/manage/ |
8 KB 8 KB |
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go-now.png
www.usps.com/store/ |
31 KB 32 KB |
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go-now.png
www.usps.com/business/ |
20 KB 20 KB |
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go-now.png
www.usps.com/international/ |
22 KB 22 KB |
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jquery-3.2.1.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/footer/script/ |
85 KB 30 KB |
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application/javascript |
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modernizr.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/lib/script/modernizr/ |
11 KB 5 KB |
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application/javascript |
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megamenu.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/header/script/ |
14 KB 3 KB |
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application/javascript |
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OneLinkUsps.js
www.usps.com/ContentTemplates/common/scripts/ |
4 KB 1 KB |
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application/javascript |
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ge-login.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/header/script/ |
9 KB 3 KB |
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application/javascript |
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require.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/lib/script/requirejs/ |
17 KB 6 KB |
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header-init-search.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/header/script/ |
904 B 440 B |
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application/javascript |
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megamenu-additions.js
www.usps.com/assets/script/home/ |
1 KB 636 B |
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application/javascript |
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main-sb.css
www.usps.com//global-elements/footer/css/ |
9 KB 3 KB |
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text/css |
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footer-sb.css
www.usps.com//global-elements/footer/css/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
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text/css |
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1.css
fast.fonts.net/t/ |
0 605 B |
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text/css |
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utility_languages.png
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 2 KB |
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utility_customer_service.png
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 1 KB |
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image/png |
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mailman.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
2 KB 1005 B |
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image/svg+xml |
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package-intercept.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/ |
2 KB 908 B |
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schedule-redelivery.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/ |
4 KB 2 KB |
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image/svg+xml |
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shipping-supplies.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
2 KB 1 KB |
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image/svg+xml |
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cards-and-envelopes.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
2 KB 1 KB |
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icon-personalize-stamped-envelopes.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/ |
7 KB 2 KB |
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image/svg+xml |
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collectors.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
1 KB 667 B |
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image/svg+xml |
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gifts.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
1006 B 696 B |
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image/svg+xml |
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business.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
1 KB 795 B |
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image/svg+xml |
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search.svg
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
1 KB 888 B |
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image/svg+xml |
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4a9c62ab-b359-4081-8383-a0d1cdebd111.woff
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
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d5af76d8-a90b-4527-b3a3-182207cc3250.woff
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
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nav-red-chevron.svg
tools.usps.com//go/images/ |
613 B 503 B |
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footer-logo.png
www.usps.com/global-elements/footer/images/ |
5 KB 5 KB |
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image/png |
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5b4a262e-3342-44e2-8ad7-719998a68134.woff
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
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3b303641-706e-4221-94c4-4fb491f4f8ef.woff2
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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b0868b4c-234e-47d3-bc59-41ab9de3c0db.woff2
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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462d508d-efc7-478f-b84e-288eeb69a160.woff2
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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jquery-3.5.1.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/footer/script/ |
87 KB 30 KB |
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application/javascript |
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db5f9ba6-05a4-433a-9461-0a6f257a0c3a.ttf
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
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4a3ef5d8-cfd9-4b96-bd67-90215512f1e5.ttf
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
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14ff6081-326d-4dae-b778-d7afa66166fc.woff
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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1d238354-d156-4dde-89ea-4770ef04b9f9.ttf
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
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2c056da8-4920-4e20-8c69-8a6b315458a9.woff
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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bcf54343-d033-41ee-bbd7-2b77df3fe7ba.woff
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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8fda1e47-19be-46c7-8d83-8d4fb35572f0.ttf
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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2381d918-136d-444f-8391-db0cba6da388.ttf
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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b0ffdcf0-26da-47fd-8485-20e4a40d4b7d.ttf
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
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Failed requests
These URLs were requested, but there was no response received. You will also see them in the list above.
- Domain
- www.usps.com
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- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/4a9c62ab-b359-4081-8383-a0d1cdebd111.woff
- Domain
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- www.usps.com
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- Domain
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- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/3b303641-706e-4221-94c4-4fb491f4f8ef.woff2
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/b0868b4c-234e-47d3-bc59-41ab9de3c0db.woff2
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/462d508d-efc7-478f-b84e-288eeb69a160.woff2
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/db5f9ba6-05a4-433a-9461-0a6f257a0c3a.ttf
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/4a3ef5d8-cfd9-4b96-bd67-90215512f1e5.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/14ff6081-326d-4dae-b778-d7afa66166fc.woff
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/1d238354-d156-4dde-89ea-4770ef04b9f9.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/2c056da8-4920-4e20-8c69-8a6b315458a9.woff
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/bcf54343-d033-41ee-bbd7-2b77df3fe7ba.woff
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/8fda1e47-19be-46c7-8d83-8d4fb35572f0.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/2381d918-136d-444f-8391-db0cba6da388.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/b0ffdcf0-26da-47fd-8485-20e4a40d4b7d.ttf
Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment
Potentially malicious activity detected
Disclaimer: These verdicts should be used to detect potentially malicious websites, not as a final verdict!
urlscan
Phishing against: USPS (Transportation)64 JavaScript Global Variables
These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.
function| $ function| jQuery function| DesktopMetricsCore function| GTMCore function| handleEvent object| google_tag_manager object| dataLayer object| google_optimize string| appID string| urlOverride object| html5 object| Modernizr object| USPS function| global_elements_jq function| kDebug function| OneLink boolean| isUserLoggedIn undefined| first undefined| profileLang string| regHost string| toolsHost string| storeHost string| catStore string| pfslHost boolean| lowEnv string| currentPage string| currentPageIn string| hostname function| cleanURL function| prepURL function| createMyCookie function| readMyCookie function| eraseMyCookie string| nameCookieName string| prefsCookieName object| nameCookie object| prefsCookie function| updateLangCookie undefined| user undefined| el string| loginAnchor_Onclick string| loginSignin_Onclick string| loginForgot_Onclick string| loginSignup_Onclick string| loginProfile_Onclick string| loginSignout_Onclick string| nonLoggedInUser string| loggedInUser string| mloggedInUser undefined| tempArray undefined| prefValues undefined| c undefined| obj undefined| maxLength undefined| diff string| mobilesign string| search_client_hostname object| USPSRequireNS object| USPSGlobals object| options object| o object| pathArray string| navBucket string| a2 Cookies
Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.
| Domain/Path | Expires | Name / Value |
|---|---|---|
| l-abe.com/ | Name: PHPSESSID Value: b6t6qlvs3k3uveqp1icipr0fc3 |
|
| .fonts.net/ | Name: __cf_bm Value: RXvIcQBprJHbF_rE0R7n4aNhFK6bj5VCCrGTxAQ5kVY-1640998860-0-AVemzGlqws5iVu6olV9LZRRqa4Yw8VcLC0Uy9K6YKvThK7JUVCl4WYUDjfEevP9NOy7/qBuxQMRk3DH8leQjrJQ= |
30 Console Messages
A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.
| Source | Level | URL Text |
|---|
Indicators
This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.
fast.fonts.net
l-abe.com
tools.usps.com
www.googleoptimize.com
www.usps.com
tools.usps.com
www.usps.com
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