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GET https://www.google.com/cse

<form method="GET" class="search-form" action="https://www.google.com/cse" target="_top">
  <div class="search-form-inner"> <input name="cx" type="hidden" value="c8e444503670f107a"> <input name="ie" type="hidden" value="UTF-8"> <input class="nixcraftsearchbox" type="search" placeholder="🔎 To search, type &amp; hit enter..." name="q"
      required=""> </div>
</form>

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nixCraft


LNAV – AWESOME TERMINAL LOG FILE VIEWER FOR LINUX AND UNIX



It is no secret that whether you are a developer or sysadmin, you need to use
log files to troubleshoot errors on your Linux and Unix systems. You use tools
like grep, tail, cat, or journalctl to view log files. However, you may need
help with so many log files. These essential Unix tools are suitable for basic
text but fall short when dealing with many log files. You can get tired from
sifting through endless lines of log files. The lnav utility is here to the
rescue! It is a powerful log file viewer that goes beyond the basics. It
understands your logs by identifying timestamps, log levels, and other vital
details. You can run SQLite SQL queries against your standard log files and
build reports for your needs. Let us see how to install and use the lnav tool
quickly.


lnav turning Nginx logs into SQLite SQL outputs

[continue reading…]




STTR – AWESOME LINUX & UNIX TOOL FOR TRANSFORMATION OF THE STRING



sttr demo

The sttr is a free and open-source command-line tool in Golang that lets you
easily change and modify text. You can perform transformation operations on the
string, such as hashing text, string manipulation, and more. sttr is beneficial
for developers and *nix users requiring swift modification to strings or files
directly via the command line or TUI. It is helpful in your scripting, data
processing, and automation tasks at the CLI.
[continue reading…]




HOW TO BLOCK AI CRAWLER BOTS USING ROBOTS.TXT FILE




Are you a content creator or a blog author who generates unique, high-quality
content for a living? Have you noticed that generative AI platforms like OpenAI
or CCBot use your content to train their algorithms without your consent? Don’t
worry! You can block these AI crawlers from accessing your website or blog by
using the robots.txt file.
[continue reading…]


DEBIAN LINUX 12.1 RELEASED WITH SECURITY UPDATES




Debian Linux project announces the first update of the Debian project’s stable
distribution, Debian 12 (codename “bookworm”) named Debian 12.1. This update
mainly addresses security issues and significant problems. Security advisories
have been published and are now available to download.
[continue reading…]


SETTING UP VSCODE FOR ANSIBLE LIGHTSPEED AI IN UBUNTU 22.04 DESKTOP



Click to enlarge

Red Hat launched the Ansible Lightspeed Code Assistant Generative AI with IBM
Watson Code Assistant in May 2023. This preview is now available to all Ansible
users, allowing them to explore the technology, provide feedback to Red Hat, and
further train the AI model. In this brief blog post, I will share my personal
experience with installing and utilizing Ansible Lightspeed AI to create
playbooks in VSCode using Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS desktop.
[continue reading…]


HOW TO UPGRADE FREEBSD 13.1 TO 13.2 RELEASE



Click to enlarge

The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is announcing the availability of FreeBSD
version 13.2-RELEASE on 11/April/2023. It is the third release of the stable/13
branches. I updated my FreeBSD version 13.1 to 13.2 using the CLI over an
ssh-based session. Here are my quick notes.
[continue reading…]


NVTOP – AWESOME LINUX TASK MONITOR FOR NVIDIA, AMD & INTEL GPUS






The nvtop command is an excellent task monitor for Linux users for NVIDIA, AMD
and Intel GPUs (Graphics Processing Units). It is just like your top command or
htop command and efficiently handles multiple GPUs in your system and shows
details about them in a htop format. Let us see how to install the nvtop command
on your Linux distro and monitor GPU tasks.
[continue reading…]




HOW TO SKIP CHATGPT FROM WIREGUARD OR OPENVPN ON LINUX


nixCraft Patreon supporters can download the PDF version here.

ChatGPT (short for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a chatbot by
OpenAI. It provides answers to your queries using learning techniques based on
AI/ML. Unfortunately, ChatGPT deny access when connected via VPN (Virtual
Private Network) such as WireGuard or OpenVPN, and you will be blocked with the
following message:

Let us see how to skip the ChatGPT domain from WireGuard or OpenVPN access while
you can access corporate resources behind VPN.
[continue reading…]


HOW TO SET UP SSH KEYS WITH YUBIKEY AS TWO-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION (U2F/FIDO2)


Patreon users download the PDF version.

All Linux and Unix servers are managed manually or by automation tools such as
Ansible using ssh. For example, say you have a server at Linode or AWS. Then you
copy your public ssh key to a remote cloud server. Once copied, you can now
login to those servers without a password as long as ssh keys are matched. It is
the best practice. Unfortunately, you are not protecting ssh keys stored on a
local desktop or dev machine at $HOME/.ssh/ directory. If your keys are stolen,
an attacker can get access to all of your cloud servers, including backup
servers. To avoid this mess, we can protect our ssh keys stored on local
dev/desktop machines using physical security keys such as YubiKey.

In both cases, you need to insert your YubiKey (or any FIDO2 compatible hardware
key) into a USB port and complete the authentication. In other words, ssh login
will not work when malware or attacker has stolen your passphrase and ssh keys
as they can not insert YubiKey and press the button on it to complete OTP for
ssh keys.

In the corporate environment, we have a bastion host that allows ssh access with
Yubikey. It is a special-purpose server on a network specifically designed and
configured to withstand attacks. The server generally hosts an sshd process, and
all other services are removed. Once logged into bastion host, you can access
all other cloud servers easily.
[continue reading…]


DNS SETTINGS TO AVOID EMAIL SPOOFING AND PHISHING FOR UNUSED DOMAIN




As you may know, email spoofing allows attackers to pose as someone else to gain
illegal profit. For example, I only use webmaster@cyberciti.biz for
communication, but someone might create a spoofed-up email, say
info@opensourceflare.com, to trick someone. This is called email spoofing with
fake headers as follow:
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2021 12:46:10
From: nixCraft <info@opensourceflare.com>
Reply-To: info@opensourceflare-email.com
To: <my@personal_gmail_com>
Correct headers are often not checked by receiving email servers, and
my@personal_gmail_com may think the email is from me. Here is the thing I don’t
use opensourceflare.com for email communication at all. So how do I prevent
illegitimate email traffic on my domain? In this tutorial, I will explain how to
configure DNS settings that tell receiving email servers this domain is not
configured for emailing purposes and the attacker maliciously sending email on
my behalf.
[continue reading…]

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