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Search Britannica Click here to search Search Britannica Click here to search Subscribe Login https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=nav-login-box&utm_campaign=evergreen Subscribe Now Ask the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideos Organisation for European Economic Co-operation Table of Contents Introduction References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics Discover 7 Winter Solstice Celebrations From Around the World Pro and Con: Violent Video Games All 119 References in “We Didn’t Start the Fire,” Explained Titanosaurs: 8 of the World's Biggest Dinosaurs Who Was the First Woman to Run for President of the United States? What Are the Differences Between First-, Second-, and Third-Degree Murder? Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement Contents Ask the Chatbot a Question Politics, Law & Government International Relations ORGANISATION FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION Ask the Chatbot a Question More Actions Print Cite Share Feedback External Websites Also known as: OEEC Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Last Updated: Oct 25, 2024 • Article History Table of Contents Table of Contents Ask the Chatbot a Question Quick Facts Date: April 1948 - 1961 (Show more) Areas Of Involvement: economic growth (Show more) Related People: Conte Carlo Sforza (Show more) See all related content Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), organization set up by a convention signed in Paris in April 1948 to coordinate efforts to restore Europe’s economy under the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan). Among its many functions, the OEEC helped abolish quantitative trade restrictions between its member countries, allocated scarce resources among them, and devised a system for regular consultation on matters of common economic concern. In 1961 it was superseded by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which included non-European members. See Economic Co-operation and Development, Organisation for. BRITANNICA CHATBOT Chatbot answers are created from Britannica articles using AI. This is a beta feature. AI answers may contain errors. Please verify important information in Britannica articles. About Britannica AI. European Union Table of Contents * Introduction * Origins * Creation of the European Economic Community * Single European Act * The Maastricht Treaty * Enlargement and post-Maastricht reforms * The euro-zone debt crisis * The crisis in Ukraine and the rise of Euroskepticism * Brexit * COVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics Images & Videos For Students European Union summary Read Next What’s the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Why Is Ireland Two Countries? British Royal Line of Succession What Led to France’s Reign of Terror? Discover 8 Deadliest Wars of the 21st Century Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement Secret Service Code Names of 11 U.S. Presidents All 119 References in “We Didn’t Start the Fire,” Explained 9 American Political Scandals St. Lucia’s Day The 10 Greatest Basketball Players of All Time Contents Ask the Chatbot a Question Politics, Law & Government International Relations flag of the European Union (more) EUROPEAN UNION European organization Ask the Chatbot a Question More Actions Print Cite Share Feedback External Websites Also known as: EU, Europäische Union, Union Européenne, Unione Europea Written by Matthew J. Gabel Professor of Political Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Author of Interests and Integration: Market Liberalization, Public Opinion, and the European Union. Matthew J. Gabel Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Last Updated: Dec 6, 2024 • Article History Table of Contents Table of Contents Ask the Chatbot a Question Quick Facts Awards And Honors: Nobel Prize (Show more) Date: November 1, 1993 (Show more) Areas Of Involvement: economic growth economic integration euro currency European Monetary System (Show more) Related People: Catherine Ashton Peter Mandelson Umberto Bossi Herman Van Rompuy Romano Prodi (Show more) See all related content Top Questions * What is the European Union (EU)? * How many countries are members of the European Union? * What are the main goals of the European Union? * When was the European Union founded, and what was its original purpose? * What is the significance of the Maastricht Treaty in the history of the EU? * How does the European Union make decisions and create laws? * What is the role of the European Parliament within the EU? * How does the Euro currency relate to the European Union? * What are some benefits and challenges of being a member of the EU? * How has the European Union influenced global politics and economics? Show more Show less NEWS • Christians in Syria mark country's transformation with tears as UN envoy urges an end to sanctions • Dec. 15, 2024, 3:23 PM ET (AP) ...(Show more) Death toll in French territory of Mayotte from Cyclone Chido is 'several hundred,' top official says • Dec. 15, 2024, 1:59 PM ET (AP) Activists release images of foxes at Finnish fur farms to push EU to ban the trade • Dec. 15, 2024, 7:09 AM ET (AP) Ex-soccer player Kavelashvili becomes Georgia's president in a blow to country's EU aspirations • Dec. 14, 2024, 5:31 PM ET (AP) Trump hosts Apple CEO at Mar-a-Lago as big tech leaders continue outreach to president-elect • Dec. 13, 2024, 8:57 PM ET (AP) Show less European Union(more) European Union (EU), international organization comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. Originally confined to western Europe, the EU undertook a robust expansion into central and eastern Europe in the early 21st century. The EU’s members are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. The United Kingdom, which had been a founding member of the EU, left the organization in 2020. anthem of the European UnionThe “Ode to Joy” from Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is the anthem of the European Union.(more) The EU was created by the Maastricht Treaty, which entered into force on November 1, 1993. The treaty was designed to enhance European political and economic integration by creating a single currency (the euro), a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights and by advancing cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs. The EU was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2012, in recognition of the organization’s efforts to promote peace and democracy in Europe. ORIGINS The EU represents one in a series of efforts to integrate Europe since World War II. At the end of the war, several western European countries sought closer economic, social, and political ties to achieve economic growth and military security and to promote a lasting reconciliation between France and Germany. To this end, in 1951 the leaders of six countries—Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany—signed the Treaty of Paris, thereby, when it took effect in 1952, founding the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). (The United Kingdom had been invited to join the ECSC and in 1955 sent a representative to observe discussions about its ongoing development, but the Labour government of Clement Attlee declined membership, owing perhaps to a variety of factors, including the illness of key ministers, a desire to maintain economic independence, and a failure to grasp the community’s impending significance.) The ECSC created a free-trade area for several key economic and military resources: coal, coke, steel, scrap, and iron ore. To manage the ECSC, the treaty established several supranational institutions: a High Authority to administrate, a Council of Ministers to legislate, a Common Assembly to formulate policy, and a Court of Justice to interpret the treaty and to resolve related disputes. A series of further international treaties and treaty revisions based largely on this model led eventually to the creation of the EU. BRITANNICA CHATBOT Chatbot answers are created from Britannica articles using AI. This is a beta feature. AI answers may contain errors. Please verify important information in Britannica articles. About Britannica AI. Load Next Page Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Your Feedback Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Organisation for European Economic Co-operation". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Organisation-for-European-Economic-Co-operation. Accessed 16 December 2024. Copy Citation Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Organisation-for-European-Economic-Co-operation External Websites * Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History - The Marshall Plan and the establishment of the OEEC - Historical events in the European integration process (1945–2009) * Official Site of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Your Feedback Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. print Print Please select which sections you would like to print: * Table Of Contents * Introduction * Origins * Creation of the European Economic Community * Single European Act * The Maastricht Treaty * Enlargement and post-Maastricht reforms * The euro-zone debt crisis * The crisis in Ukraine and the rise of Euroskepticism * Brexit * COVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Gabel, Matthew J.. "European Union". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-Union. Accessed 16 December 2024. Copy Citation Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-Union External Websites * The World Factbook - European Union * Council on Foreign Relations - How Does the European Union Work? * The Balance - What is the European Union? * Official Site of the European Union Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. * European Union - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) * European Union - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)