www.spglobal.com Open in urlscan Pro
2600:1408:5400:18::170c:9356  Public Scan

Form analysis
1 forms found in the DOM

/marketintelligence/en/search

<form id="search-form" action="/marketintelligence/en/search">
  <div class="search-input-wrapper global-search"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder=""> <span class="search-input__svg"> <svg data-gtm-action="Main Navigation" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-label="Search" viewBox="0 0 17.5 17.5">
        <path d="M12.5,11h-0.8l-0.3-0.3c1-1.1,1.6-2.6,1.6-4.2C13,2.9,10.1,0,6.5,0S0,2.9,0,6.5S2.9,13,6.5,13c1.6,0,3.1-0.6,4.2-1.6l0.3,0.3v0.8l5,5l1.5-1.5L12.5,11z M6.5,11C4,11,2,9,2,6.5S4,2,6.5,2S11,4,11,6.5S9,11,6.5,11z"></path>
      </svg> </span> </div>
</form>

Text Content

CUSTOMER LOGINS

Obtain the data you need to make the most informed decisions by accessing our
extensive portfolio of information, analytics, and expertise. Sign in to the
product or service center of your choice.

Customer Logins


MY LOGINS


All Customer Logins
S&P Global Market Intelligence

 * S&P Global
 * S&P Dow Jones Indices
 * S&P Global Market Intelligence
 * S&P Global Mobility
 * S&P Global Commodity Insights
 * S&P Global Ratings
 * S&P Global Sustainable1

Close
Discover more about S&P Global’s offerings
Investor Relations
 * Investor Relations Overview
 * Investor Presentations
 * Investor Fact Book
 * News Releases
 * Quarterly Earnings
 * SEC Filings & Reports
 * Executive Committee
 * Corporate Governance
 * Merger Information
 * Stock & Dividends
 * Shareholder Services
 * Contact Investor Relations

Languages
 * English
 * 中文
 * 日本語
 * 한국어
 * Português
 * Español
 * ไทย

About
 * About Us
 * Contact Us
 * Email Subscription Center
 * Media Center
 * Glossary

Product Login
 * Who We Serve
 * Solutions
 * News & Insights
 * Events
 * Product Login
   
 * Request Follow Up
   


 * Who We Serve
    
   Academia
   Commercial Banking
   Corporations
    
   Government & Regulatory Agencies
   Insurance
   Investment & Global Banking
    
   Investment Management
   Private Equity
   Professional Services
 * Solutions
   WORKFLOW SOLUTIONS
   Capital Formation
   Credit and Risk Solutions
   Data & Distribution
   Economics & Country Risk
   Sustainability
   Financial Technology Solutions
    
   Issuer & IR Solutions
   Lending Solutions
   Post Trade Processing
   Private Markets
   Risk, Compliance, & Reporting
   Supply Chain
   PRODUCTS
   S&P Capital IQ Pro
   S&P Global Marketplace
   China Credit Analytics
   Climate Credit Analytics
   Credit Analytics
   RatingsDirect ®
   RatingsXpress ®
   451 Research
   See More S&P Global Solutions
    
   Capital Access
   Corporate Actions
   KY3P ®
   EDM
   PMI™
   BD Corporate
   Bond Pricing
   ChartIQ
 * News & Insights
   CONTENT
   Latest Headlines
   Special Features
   Blog
   Research
   Videos
   Infographics
   Newsletters
   Client Case Studies
   PODCASTS
   Economics & Country Risk
   IR in Focus
   Maritime and Trade Talk
   Masters of Risk
   Next in Tech
   Private Markets 360°
   Street Talk
   The Pipeline: M&A and IPO Insights
   See All Episodes
   SECTOR-SPECIFIC INSIGHTS
   Differentiated Data
   Banking & Insurance
   Energy
   Maritime, Trade, & Supply Chain
   Metals & Mining
   Technology, Media, & Telecoms
   Investment Research
   Sector Coverage
   Expert Directory
   More Ways We Can Help
   NEWS & RESEARCH TOPICS
   Credit & Risk
   Economics & Country Risk
   Financial Services
   Liquidity Crunch
   Maritime & Trade
   M&A
   Private Markets
   Sustainability & Climate
   Technology
   See More
 * Events
   All Events
   In-Person
   Webinars
   Webinar Replays
 * Product Login
   PLATFORMS
   S&P Capital IQ Pro
   S&P Capital IQ
   S&P Global China Credit Analytics
   OTHER PRODUCTS
   Credit Analytics
   Panjiva
   Money Market Directories
    
   Research Online
   451 Research
   See All Product Logins
 * Request Follow Up

Investor Relations
 * Investor Relations Overview
 * Investor Presentations
 * Investor Fact Book
 * News Releases
 * Quarterly Earnings
 * SEC Filings & Reports
 * Executive Committee
 * Corporate Governance
 * Merger Information
 * Stock & Dividends
 * Shareholder Services
 * Contact Investor Relations

Languages
 * English
 * 中文
 * 日本語
 * 한국어
 * Português
 * Español
 * ไทย

About
 * About Us
 * Contact Us
 * Email Subscription Center
 * Media Center
 * Glossary

Product Login

 *  
    * Academia
    * Commercial Banking
    * Corporations
   
    
    * Government & Regulatory Agencies
    * Insurance
    * Investment & Global Banking
   
    
    * Investment Management
    * Private Equity
    * Professional Services

 * WORKFLOW SOLUTIONS
    * Capital Formation
    * Credit and Risk Solutions
    * Data & Distribution
    * Economics & Country Risk
    * Sustainability
    * Financial Technology Solutions
   
    
    * Issuer & IR Solutions
    * Lending Solutions
    * Post Trade Processing
    * Private Markets
    * Risk, Compliance, & Reporting
    * Supply Chain
   
   PRODUCTS
    * S&P Capital IQ Pro
    * S&P Global Marketplace
    * China Credit Analytics
    * Climate Credit Analytics
    * Credit Analytics
    * RatingsDirect ®
    * RatingsXpress ®
    * 451 Research
   
   See More S&P Global Solutions
    
    * Capital Access
    * Corporate Actions
    * KY3P ®
    * EDM
    * PMI™
    * BD Corporate
    * Bond Pricing
    * ChartIQ

 * CONTENT
    * Latest Headlines
    * Special Features
    * Blog
    * Research
    * Videos
    * Infographics
    * Newsletters
    * Client Case Studies
   
   PODCASTS
    * Economics & Country Risk
    * IR in Focus
    * Maritime and Trade Talk
    * Masters of Risk
    * Next in Tech
    * Private Markets 360°
    * Street Talk
    * The Pipeline: M&A and IPO Insights
   
   SEE ALL EPISODES
   SECTOR-SPECIFIC INSIGHTS
    * Differentiated Data
    * Banking & Insurance
    * Energy
    * Maritime, Trade, & Supply Chain
    * Metals & Mining
    * Technology, Media, & Telecoms
    * Investment Research
    * Sector Coverage
    * Expert Directory
   
   More ways we can help
   NEWS & RESEARCH TOPICS
    * Credit & Risk
    * Economics & Country Risk
    * Financial Services
    * Liquidity Crunch
    * Maritime & Trade
    * M&A
    * Private Markets
    * Sustainability & Climate
    * Technology
   
   See More
 *  * All Events
    * In-Person
    * Webinars
    * Webinar Replays
   
   Featured Events
   WebinarSEC 10c-1: Navigating the Future of Securities Lending
    * 11/15/2023
    * Live, Online
    * 09:30 am - 10:30 am EST
   
   WebinarThe Big Picture: Outlook for 2024
    * 11/15/2023
    * Live, Online
    * 10:00 am - 11:00 am EST
   
   WebinarState of the Market: Mining Q3'23
    * 11/16/2023
    * Live, Online
    * 10:00 am - 11:00 am EDT

 * PLATFORMS
    * S&P Capital IQ Pro
    * S&P Capital IQ
    * S&P Global China Credit Analytics
   
   OTHER PRODUCTS
    * Credit Analytics
    * Panjiva
    * Money Market Directories
   
    
    * Research Online
    * 451 Research
   
   See All Product Logins

WHITEPAPER Nov 09, 2023


MARITIME STATE OF PLAY REPORT: EVOLUTION OF DECEPTIVE SHIPPING PRACTICES —
DISABLING/MANIPULATING AIS

Jeremy Domballe

The tactics employed in subterfuge shipping activities are continuously evolving
to try and stay ahead. Although many of the tactics utilized have been
previously described by regulators, they have since transformed or been taken to
new extremes. We will aim to discuss some of these evolutions within this paper
to provide better transparency into what is and continues to be a convoluted
landscape.

On May 14, 2020, the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC)
released what would become a foundational advisory, identifying and recommending
controls to combat some of the key principles of subterfuge shipping. The seven
elements that were highlighted are now integral in many compliance frameworks.
The focus at the time concerned Iran, North Korea and Syria, but many of these
practices now apply toward activities taking place in Venezuela and Russia. The
seven tactics highlighted are outlined below.



On Oct. 12, 2023, OFAC released a secondary advisory, relating to that of the
price cap coalition for the maritime oil industry and related sectors. This held
seven recommendations as outline below.



The purpose of this paper is to provide some context as to what the tactic of
"disabling the AIS on vessel" consists of by providing some foundations on AIS,
technical limitations, tactic limitations, reasoning behind some of the
evaluations and examples of how these might come across through ship tracking
system.


<SPAN/><SPAN/>DISABLING AND MANIPULATING AIS

Most of the observed evolution that has taken place within the realm of
deceptive shipping can be attributed to that of disabling or manipulating the
AIS on board vessels. This section is broken into two parts. The first will
discuss elements relating to that of the identity of a vessel; this is
fundamental in understanding how certain practises relating to
disabling/manipulating AIS. The second part will focus on AIS, what it is, some
of the limitations and practises relating to it, including that of deceptive
shipping.


<SPAN/><SPAN/>VESSEL IDENTIFIERS

Although on a day-by-day basis we might refer to vessels using various
"identifiers," such as an IMO number, an MMSI and others, it is important to
note that elements relating to identity can be classified in three different
categories — "registered identity", "physical identity" and "digital identity".
All these facets are important as individual concepts, but also collectively to
correctly identify a vessel.


<SPAN/><SPAN/>THE CONCEPT OF IDENTITY

 * "Digital identity" speaks toward the information being transmitted by the
   vessel (such as AIS), which can include ship-identifying information, such as
   name, MMSI, callsign and dimensions, as well as voyage-related details, such
   as navigational status, speed, destination and estimated time arrival (ETA).
 * "Registered identity" speaks toward information that relates to a UVI
   otherwise commonly known as an IMO number. This is a unique seven-digit
   number assigned to a ship by Market Intelligence, which manages the ship
   numbering scheme on behalf of the IMO. We are the only entity authorized to
   assign and validate these numbers, which is why you will frequently see us
   cited in various publications, advisories and reports. This information
   speaks toward the credibility of the ship being in existence, covering base
   information such as ship dimension, ownership, builder and flag.
 * "Physical identity" consists of visual elements relating to the ship, such as
   the paint schemes, visual identifiers, physical measurements of the vessel,
   as well as structural elements, such as deck configuration and equipment on
   board.

Having access to vessel information that has a registered identity provides
greater transparency and traceability within the industry. This in turn helps
create a "reference" database that can be used to compare and analyze these
various identity concepts for possible discrepancies.


<SPAN/><SPAN/>IDENTITY RESOLUTION IN PRACTICE

In the example here, we can clearly see these various concepts coming together
to validate a ships identity, from the physical elements observed on the vessel
to what they are transmitting through AIS, against the registered information,
allowing us to confidently state that this is Nord Star.

Looking at the markings on the vessel, we can see the name, call sign and
registration number, which when we compare to what they are transmitting through
AIS aligns rather nicely in terms of ship name and call sign.



You could also distinguish from its build that it is a fishing vessel, which
again aligns to the extra information it is transmitting. However, the physical
markings in this case do not show the IMO number (in the photograph), and so
this is when this concept of registered identity plays a heavy hand as we can
establish through some of the markings and the AIS that this vessel is linked to
IMO number 6920111, information that the vessel is otherwise transmitting
through AIS. This allows for initial validation in terms of confirming that this
unique reference number does in fact belong to this vessel, bearing in mind that
AIS can be tampered, and that what the vessel is transmitting is in fact correct
against what has been registered: from name to call sign, MMSI, and dimension.

However, heaps of additional datapoints behind the scenes are otherwise
available, such as ownership and build, and this in all not only demonstrates
the value of being able to link these identifiers to a unique reference number,
but ultimately how this is used to provide transparency within the maritime
industry by companies, agencies and governments that require these comprehensive
reference databases.

This is fundamental in understanding certain elements of AIS manipulation.

Click here to download the full complimentary paper that will cover technical
and receiver limitations in AIS, examples of suspected dark activity, the
"traditional" and "emerging" patterns of AIS manipulation and more.





Subscribe to our complimentary Global Risk & Maritime quarterly newsletter, or
listen to Maritime and Trade Talk podcast for the latest insight and opinion on
trends shaping the shipping industry from trusted shipping experts.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This article was published by S&P Global Market Intelligence and not by S&P
Global Ratings, which is a separately managed division of S&P Global.

Previous Next
 * 
 * * 
   * 
   * 
   * 
   * 

Recommended for you

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Maritime & Trade: Maritime Solutions

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Global Trade Solutions

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


How can our products help you?

WE CAN OPTIMIZE YOUR TRADE DATA TO HELP YOUR BUSINESS GROW

Learn more

HIRE INDUSTRY-LEADING CONSULTANTS BY THE HOUR

Get the objective, authoritative analysis you need without delays.
FIND AN EXPERT
Related Posts
VIEW ALL
Whitepaper OCT 23, 2023

Maritime State of Play Report: Deceptive shipping practices — Emerging company
trends

Blog SEP 14, 2023

Forwarders now liable for export control violations as US tightens shipping
security

Blog NOV 13, 2023

Ocean carriers survey changing market and ponder next course of action

VIEW ALL

{"items" : [
{"name":"share","enabled":true,"desc":"<strong>Share</strong>","mobdesc":"Share","options":[
{"name":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-state-of-play-report-evolution-of-deceptive-shipping.html%3futm_campaign%3dCL_GIA%252A20Monthly%252A20Newsletter%252A20November_All%252A20_PC023783_e-production_E-163589_GDC_1114_0500%26utm_medium%3demail%26utm_source%3dEloqua","enabled":true},{"name":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-state-of-play-report-evolution-of-deceptive-shipping.html%3futm_campaign%3dCL_GIA%252A20Monthly%252A20Newsletter%252A20November_All%252A20_PC023783_e-production_E-163589_GDC_1114_0500%26utm_medium%3demail%26utm_source%3dEloqua&text=Maritime+State+of+Play+Report%3a+Evolution+of+deceptive+shipping+practices+%e2%80%94+Disabling%2fmanipulating+AIS+%7c+S%26P+Global+","enabled":true},{"name":"linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-state-of-play-report-evolution-of-deceptive-shipping.html%3futm_campaign%3dCL_GIA%252A20Monthly%252A20Newsletter%252A20November_All%252A20_PC023783_e-production_E-163589_GDC_1114_0500%26utm_medium%3demail%26utm_source%3dEloqua","enabled":true},{"name":"email","url":"?subject=Maritime
State of Play Report: Evolution of deceptive shipping practices —
Disabling/manipulating AIS | S&P Global
&body=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-state-of-play-report-evolution-of-deceptive-shipping.html%3futm_campaign%3dCL_GIA%252A20Monthly%252A20Newsletter%252A20November_All%252A20_PC023783_e-production_E-163589_GDC_1114_0500%26utm_medium%3demail%26utm_source%3dEloqua","enabled":true},{"name":"whatsapp","url":"https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Maritime+State+of+Play+Report%3a+Evolution+of+deceptive+shipping+practices+%e2%80%94+Disabling%2fmanipulating+AIS+%7c+S%26P+Global+
http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-state-of-play-report-evolution-of-deceptive-shipping.html%3futm_campaign%3dCL_GIA%252A20Monthly%252A20Newsletter%252A20November_All%252A20_PC023783_e-production_E-163589_GDC_1114_0500%26utm_medium%3demail%26utm_source%3dEloqua","enabled":true}]},
{"name":"rtt","enabled":true,"mobdesc":"Top"} ]}

Share
Top

Filter Sort
 * About Us
 * Quality Program
 * Contact Us
 * Email Subscription Center
 * Press Releases

 * Careers
 * Corporate Responsibility
 * Our History
 * Investor Relations
 * Leadership

 * © 2023 S&P Global
 * Terms of Use
 * Cookie Notice
 * Privacy Policy
 * Disclosures
 * Do Not Sell My Personal Information
 * Customize

 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 


YOUR COOKIE CONTROLS:

S&P Global uses cookies to improve user experience and site performance, offer
tailored advertising and enable social media sharing. By clicking "Accept All",
you agree to our use of cookies. By clicking “Reject All”, we will not place
cookies on your device unless strictly necessary for website functionality. For
details, please refer to ourCookie Notice

Customize Reject All Accept All


Your Opt Out Preference Signal is Honored


PRIVACY PREFERENCE CENTER

When you visit any web site, it may store or retrieve information on your
browser, mostly in the form of cookies. This information might be about you,
your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you
expect it to. The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can
give you a more personalized web experience. Because we respect your right to
privacy, you can choose not to allow some types of cookies. Click on the
different category headings to find out more and change our default settings.
However, blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site
and the services we are able to offer.
More information
Allow All


MANAGE CONSENT PREFERENCES

FUNCTIONAL COOKIES

Functional Cookies

These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages.    If you do not allow these cookies then
some or all of these services may not function properly.

Cookies Details‎

TARGETING COOKIES

Targeting Cookies

These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may
be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you
relevant advertisements on other sites. Targeting cookies uniquely identify your
browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will
experience less targeted advertising.

Cookies Details‎

PERFORMANCE COOKIES

Performance Cookies

These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and
improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the
most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site.    All
information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you
do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and
will not be able to monitor its performance.

Cookies Details‎

STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

Always Active

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you
which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy
preferences, logging in or filling in forms.    You can set your browser to
block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then
work.

Cookies Details‎
Back Button


COOKIE LIST



Search Icon
Filter Icon

Clear
checkbox label label
Apply Cancel
Consent Leg.Interest
checkbox label label
checkbox label label
checkbox label label

Save Settings