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ILLINOIS SUPREME COURT HOLDS THAT EACH BIPA VIOLATION IS SEPARATELY ACTIONABLE |
PRACTICAL LAW

https://content.next.westlaw.com/practical-law/document/I8d755c79aebe11ed8636e1a02dc72ff6/Illinois-Supreme-Court-Holds-That-Each-BIPA-Violation-is-Separately-Actionable?viewType=FullText&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)
In Cothron v. White Castle System, Inc., the Illinois Supreme Court held that
each violation of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) is
distinct and separately actionable.
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ILLINOIS SUPREME COURT HOLDS THAT EACH BIPA VIOLATION IS SEPARATELY ACTIONABLE


PRACTICAL LAW LEGAL UPDATE W-038-5662 (APPROX. 3 PAGES)


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ILLINOIS SUPREME COURT HOLDS THAT EACH BIPA VIOLATION IS SEPARATELY ACTIONABLE

by Practical Law Data Privacy & Cybersecurity
Related Content

Published on 21 Feb 2023 • Illinois

In Cothron v. White Castle System, Inc., the Illinois Supreme Court held that
each violation of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) is
distinct and separately actionable.
On February 17, 2023, in Cothron v. White Castle System, Inc., the Illinois
Supreme Court held that under the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act
(BIPA) (740 ILCS 14/5 to 14/99) a separate claim accrues each time a private
entity scans or transmits to a third party an individual's biometric identifier
or information without the individual's prior informed consent in violation of
Section 15(b) or (d) ( (Ill. Feb. 17, 2023)).
Latrina Cothron was a White Castle restaurant manager in Illinois, where she
began working in 2004. Not long after she started her employment there, White
Castle began requiring employees to scan their fingerprints, which a third-party
service provider processed, to access their pay stubs and computers. Plaintiff
alleged that White Castle never obtained consent under BIPA, which became
effective in 2008 and requires private entities to provide notice and obtain
consent before collecting, capturing, purchasing, or otherwise obtaining an
individual's biometric data. Plaintiff asserts that White Castle did not seek
consent under BIPA until 2018.
Plaintiff filed a proposed class action against White Castle, claiming it
violated BIPA Section 15(b) and (d) by collecting her fingerprint and
transmitting it to its service provider without her consent. White Castle
appealed to the US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit after the district
court denied its motion for judgment on the pleadings based on the statute of
limitations. The Seventh Circuit then certified to the Illinois Supreme Court
the question of whether, when conduct that allegedly violates BIPA is repeated,
that conduct gives rise to a single claim under Section 15(b) and (d) or
multiple claims.
The Illinois Supreme Court agreed with the plaintiff's argument that the plain
meaning of the statutory language demonstrates that claims under Section 15(b)
and (d) accrue every time a private entity collects or disseminates biometric
identifiers or information without prior informed consent. It concluded that
BIPA does not limit claims to the first time a private entity scans or transmits
an individual's biometric identifier or information.
This holding has serious implications, especially in light of the recent
Illinois Supreme Court holding in Tims v. Black Horse Carriers Inc. that BIPA
has a five year statute of limitations () (Ill. Feb. 2, 2023)). The two
decisions may allow individuals to file lawsuits alleging many more BIPA
violations over a longer period of time, leading to billions of dollars in
potential penalties and adding to an already crowded litigation field.


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