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REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE. CEB ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
LEADERSHIP COUNCIL

Reference Architecture Implementation Guide CEB Enterprise Architecture
Leadership Council A Framework for Member Conversations The mission of CEB...

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Author: Arline Greene
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Reference Architecture Implementation Guide

CEB Enterprise Architecture Leadership Council

A Framework for Member Conversations

The mission of CEB Inc. and its affiliates is to unlock the potential of
organizations and leaders by advancing the science and practice of management.
When we bring leaders together, it is crucial that our discussions neither
restrict competition nor improperly share inside information. All other
conversations are welcomed and encouraged. Confidentiality and Intellectual
Property

These materials have been prepared by CEB Inc. for the exclusive and individual
use of our member companies. These materials contain valuable confidential and
proprietary information belonging to CEB, and they may not be shared with any
third party (including independent contractors and consultants) without the
prior approval of CEB. CEB retains any and all intellectual property rights in
these materials and requires retention of the copyright mark on all pages
reproduced. Legal Caveat

CEB Inc. is not able to guarantee the accuracy of the information or analysis
contained in these materials. Furthermore, CEB is not engaged in rendering
legal, accounting, or any other professional services. CEB specifically
disclaims liability for any damages, claims, or losses that may arise from a)
any errors or omissions in these materials, whether caused by CEB or its
sources, or b) reliance upon any recommendation made by CEB.

INTRODUCTION Enterprise Architecture (EA) groups recognize the potential
benefits of reference architecture (RA). Council polling results reveal that 72%
of members consider an RA extremely or very important to EA’s success—but few
have been able to realize reference architecture’s full potential. Fewer than
10% of EA groups rate themselves as mature in this area. Leading EA groups
manage reference architectures as a program by establishing the processes to
define, deliver, and manage them through their full lifecycle. To help member
organizations better manage their reference architectures, the Council has
collected artifacts from each stage of the lifecycle and highlighted the key
takeaways: 1. Initiating: Ensure that all stakeholders define reference
architecture consistently, promote the associated benefits, and tailor
stakeholder communications. 2. Building: Provide reference implementations that
tangibly support solutions delivery teams and develop an RA portfolio to ensure
focus on high priority areas. 3. Deploying: Promote adoption by focusing on the
customer experience, providing easy access to resources and collaboration
opportunities, and sharing ownership with subject matter experts. 4. Governing:
Fast-track governance for solutions teams using reference architectures and
lease RAs to ensure alignment with current standards. 5. Maintaining:
Incorporate RAs into technology roadmaps and build in event-based triggers to
better anticipate and respond to change. For more information, visit our
Reference Architecture topic center on our website: cebglobal.com/architecture.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 3

■■

Savings from a Single RA Compared to an RA Programa Five Year Time-Horizon

A single RA covering 5% of the portfolio reduces the IT budget by 2%.

0.4– 1.9%

100%

Maintenance cost reductions, which constitute approximately two-thirds of the
savings, mount as the RA portfolio grows and the practice matures.

■■

■■

Technology procurement FTE costs for creation and maintenance

1.2– 4.4%

■■

■■

Prescriptive patterns and reuse Reduced solutionsdelivery time

0.34– 1.8% ■■

0.15– 5.4%

Standardization of infrastructure

■■

■■

Efficient Solutions Delivery

See our Reference Architecture Cost Savings Estimation Model to customize to
your organization.

S M Ap av ai pl in nt ic gs en at in an ion ce

In S f In ras avi ve tr ng st uc s m tu in en re ts

D Ap Sav ev p in el lic g op a s m tio in en n t

D C ev os el t op of m RA en t

Ex A pe nn n ua Pr dit l IT e- ur R e A

■■

Reduction in number of trouble tickets Reduced mean time to repair
Standardization of supporting infrastructure

0.45– 6.8%

■■

■■

■■

83– 98%

Standardization of infrastructure Reduction in number of trouble tickets Reduced
mean time to repair

R Ex ed pe uc Po nd ed st itu IT -R re A

■■

ECONOMIC MODEL FOR AN RA IMPLEMENTATION

In S M fras av ai tr in nt u gs en ct in an ure ce

A successfully run RA program can deliver annual savings equivalent to 17% of
the IT budget.

Simplified IT Operations

Source: American Express Company; Footloose, Inc. (pseudonym); CEB 2011 Budget
and Benchmarking Survey. a

The cost savings ranges provided are based on the percentage of the project
portfolio that uses a RA. We assume a minimum of 5% portfolio coverage and a
maximum of 80%.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 4

ECONOMIC MODEL FOR AN RA IMPLEMENTATION (CONTINUED) Overall Assumptions ■■ ■■

■■

A single RA implementation will cover 5% of the project portfolio in its first
year of operation. A well-maintained RA program composed of multiple RAs will
cover 80% of the IT portfolio after five years of operation and lead to the
standardization of 70% of the infrastructure and virtualization of approximately
two-thirds of the servers. The use of an RA shortens solutions delivery time by
at least 50%, reducing FTE costs incurred on development projects by
approximately the same amount.

Specific Assumptions for a Single RA Implementation ■■

■■

■■

■■

■■

For the best ROI in application development, the first RA selected to pilot
the program is a technology used by at least 30% of the application portfolio.

Specific Assumptions for an RA Program Implementation ■■

■■

Standardization of the infrastructure results in more effective vendor
negotiations, reducing project software costs by 5%.

■■

Standardization also allows projects to share hardware capacity, bringing down
project hardware costs by 20%.

■■

The RA’s adoption by 10% of the platforms in the organization reduces the
operating expenditure on hardware by 20%.

Lessons learned from the first RA help streamline development of future RAs,
lowering the cost of developing and maintaining subsequent RAs. With
infrastructure standardization, project software costs decrease by 30%. Project
hardware costs are reduced by 50% due to commodity hardware, standardization,
and virtualization. Over a period of five years, the widespread adoption of RAs
leads to a 50% reduction in trouble tickets and an 80% reduction in mean time to
repair, which reduces FTE costs for application maintenance by 50% and
infrastructure maintenance by 60%.



Increased technology standardization results in a 30% reduction in problems and
a 20% reduction in the mean time to repair for those platforms using the RA,
lowering associated FTE costs for application and infrastructure maintenance
costs by about 40%.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 5

RA LIFECYCLE

Initiate

Galvanize IT stakeholders with a formal RA initiative.

Build

Deploy

Govern

Maintain

Partner with project teams and developers to select and develop the most useful
reference architectures.

Provide the communication, education, and support necessary for maximum
adoption.



Establish oversight mechanisms to monitor the uptake and proper use of RAs.

Ensure RAs are kept current and relevant.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 6

1. INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

EA groups looking to start an RA initiative struggle to build an effective
business case because they have trouble communicating what an RA is, the
benefits it can bring, and the investment necessary to manage the practice
effectively. To initiate a successful reference architecture practice, leading
EA groups begin with four steps: A. Establish a common vocabulary to communicate
effectively with stakeholders. B. Relate reference architecture to other EA
activities. C. Quantify the benefits to make the case for investment. D. Adopt a
program management approach.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 7

RAs are documented best practices that help solutions delivery teams make
effective design and technology choices. ■■

■■

The purpose of an RA is increasing standards adoption, speeding time to market,
and advancing toward the target state architecture. This toolkit includes all
core deliverables needed to successfully implement an RA.

1A. DEFINE RA COMPONENTS Business and IT Strategy

Capability and Technology Roadmaps

Solution and Service Implementation

Project Design and Delivery

Business Capability Enablement

Reference Architecture Toolkit AUDIENCE

Senior IT and EA Leadership

To Govern and Ensure Alignment with Strategy

Principles: Highest level guidelines for governance of the enterprise
architecture

To Guide and Direct Solution Design To Improve Solution Delivery



Reference Models: A common vocabulary and taxonomy of accepted concepts used to
describe an organization’s capabilities

Standards: Prescribed or preferred technology, design, data, and process
elements that conform to architectural principles Patterns: Prepackaged and
pretested design and technology combinations to build or modify a system

Solutions Architects and SMEs Decision Frameworks: Use cases and decision trees
that recommend particular patterns and standards

Solutions Developers

PURPOSE

Implementation Guides: Detailed user manuals to instruct solutions teams on
correct usage of standards and patterns

Reference

Working Prototypes: Practical instantiation of standards and patterns to provide
a proof of concept to solutions developers

Reusable Source Code: Repository of code objects used by developers to
accelerate the building of frequently used functionality

Adopt

Source: CEB analysis.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 8

Principles are the highest level of guidance outlined for governance of the
overall enterprise architecture. ■■

They help retain consistency of the overall architecture, while aligning IT
implementations with the priorities of the organization.

1A. RA COMPONENTS: PRINCIPLES 1.

Architecture will set the strategy for technology for three to five years into
the future.

2.

Weighted consideration should be given to a vendor architecture that contributes
to and strengthens Johnson & Johnson EA.

3.

For IT investments, the project design process includes architectural review and
design certification by an enterprise architect.

4.

A complete architecture includes the following five components: business
process, information/data, applications, integration, and infrastructure.

5.

Global use will be a determining factor in design: ■■

Every application should be designed with the expectation to be global,
scalable, and flexible.

■■

Applications must have a planned lifecycle and asset map.

■■

Architect applications as systems, and engineer them for supportability.

■■

The architecture frameworks for all components must be designed to support
internal and external customers and interfaces on a global level.

■■

Johnson & Johnson data standards will be established and globally used by all
applications.

■■

Industry standards will be used wherever feasible.

6.

Johnson & Johnson information is a valued asset and use must be designed and
protected at the enterprise level, not by a specific company or project.

7.

Applications will be designed for the adoption of, not mapping to, data
standards.

8.

Data quality management and transparency will govern design to establish
authoritative data sources and ownership.

9.

IT standards will be used; a nonstandard IT will require an exception waiver,
and all required resources will be fully funded by the owner.

10. 11.

Information Security services and solutions will be standards based. Security
decisions will be based on a risk management process: “a risk taken by one is a
risk shared by all.”

Source: Johnson and Johnson; CEB analysis.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 9

A reference model is a common vocabulary and taxonomy of unifying concepts used
to describe an organization’s capabilities. ■■

Reference models are usually defined either at the enterprise or BU level for a
specific functional or technology domain.



1A. RA COMPONENTS: REFERENCE MODEL Information Systems Reference Model System

User

Information Provider

Network Layer MPLS

Leased Line

VPN (Internet)

LAN/WAN

Channel Services

Security Services

Gateway Services File Gateway Service SFTP

User Interaction Services Internet Gateway Service

Presentation Services Composite User Interface Service

Enterprise Service Bus

User Interface Metadata Service

Reporting Services BI

Report Delivery Service

Scheduling Service

Report Management Service Transformation Service Service Management

Access Management Service

Directory Services

Single Sign-On Service

Identification Service

Identity and Access Management

Entitlement Service

Authorization Service

Provisioning Service

Identity Management Service

Content Management Service

Metadata Management Service

Document Service

Definition Service

Aggregation Service

Repository Service

Information Services Information Integration Service

Application Integration Service Routing Service

Extract-Transform-Load Service

Data Warehouse

Business Process Management Process Definition Service

Transactional Database

Process Execution Service

Data Mart

Operational Data Store

Business Applications Chemicals

Pharma

Shared

Group

Source: Merck KGaA; CEB analysis.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 10

Standards are the prescribed or preferred technology, design, data, and process
elements that help project teams conform to architectural principles.

1A. RA COMPONENTS: STANDARDS List of Technology Standards Across 132 Products

Server, Desktop, Network, and Edge Protection

Security

Application Security

SSL VPN—F5

L7 Firewall—F5

Vulnerability Tool—Foundstone

Proxy—Bluecoat

Vulnerability Scanner—Cenzic

Source Code Review—Fortify

L2 Firewall— Juniper

NAC—Cisco

ILP—Vontu

AV—McAfee

Risk Assessment/ Management—RSAM

DB Compliance/ Enforcement—Guardiam

Authentication/Authorization

End-User Computing

Collaboration, Presentation, and Application Services

Integration, Messaging, and Data Transport

Data Protection/Encryption

Account Management

Active Directory CA ACF2

Oracle LDAP 6.x SecureFX

Voltage SecureData

SecureCRT

TIM 5.1

EMC RSA

TAM 6.1

Pointsec

Tumbleweed

TDI 7.0

Vintella VAS

Vshell 3.x

Voltage Secure Mail

Desktop

Print

Mobility

Messaging

Client Systems

Windows XP

Xerox

Blackberry

Exchange

Microsoft Internet Explorer

Microsoft Office

Portal/Web Content Management

Collaboration

BPM/Workflow/Process Management/Rules Engines

Vigenette

Sharepoint

FileNet BPM

Miscellaneous Application Servers

WebSphere Application Server

Jboss/Tomcat

V6.1

NET and II

Mainframe CICS

Application Integration

V4.1

AmberPoint (Service Gateway)

Blaze

Microsoft IM

Guidewire

Application Messaging Bridje SOA

IBM WebSphere MQ v6

Source: CNA; CEB analysis.

INTRODUCTION

INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE

© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN

 11

Thank You for Your Interest in CEB Research! If you’re a member, please log into
your account to access the full study.

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© 2014 CEB. All rights reserved. CIO9884614SYN

If you would like access to this full study, please contact CEB to learn more.

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+1-866-913-8101

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 12




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