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The Tijuana River in Tijuana, Mexico, on 20 August 2023. Photograph: Cesar
Rodriguez/Bloomberg via Getty Images
View image in fullscreen
The Tijuana River in Tijuana, Mexico, on 20 August 2023. Photograph: Cesar
Rodriguez/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Pollution



HEAVY METALS AND E COLI: RAW SEWAGE AT US-MEXICO BORDER A ‘PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS’

The Tijuana River flows through Mexico and empties off California, carrying
pathogens and chemicals and threatening public health



Maanvi Singh
@maanvissingh
Thu 15 Feb 2024 14.17 ESTLast modified on Thu 15 Feb 2024 17.49 EST
Copy link



Raw sewage and runoff in the Tijuana River is exposing communities at the
US-Mexico border to an unusual and noxious brew of pathogens and toxic
chemicals, according to a report released this week.

Billions of gallons of sewage flow through the river, which winds north from
Mexico through California and empties into the Pacific Ocean, containing a mix
of carcinogenic chemicals including arsenic, as well as viruses, bacteria and
parasites, according to public health researchers at San Diego State University,
who published the report.


‘You can taste it’: El Paso residents fear air pollution will worsen after
border crossing upgrade
Read more

The researchers have called the situation “a pressing public health crisis”.

Wastewater flowing into the ocean has resulted in more than 700 consecutive days
of beach closures in San Diego county, but the contamination isn’t limited to
the water. Pollutants and pathogens contained in sewage have also been detected
in the local air and soil – exposing even those who live miles away from the
water.

Communities on both sides of the border have been raising the alarm about this
contamination for decades, complaining of the near-constant stench in the air,
and pushing for better wastewater infrastructure. Unprecedented storms in recent
years, exacerbated by the climate crisis, have put even more pressure on
faltering sewage systems – and increased public health risks.

“This is not a trickle of contamination,” said Paula Stigler Granados, associate
professor in San Diego State University’s School of Public Health and the
paper’s lead author. “This is a large amount of contamination over a long period
of time.”

For locals in Imperial Beach, a town just north of the Mexican border, the
report validates years of frustration and fear about the spiralling sewage
crisis.

“Imperial Beach is unfortunately the poster child of what an environmental
injustice looks like,” said the city’s mayor, Paloma Aguirre.

View image in fullscreen
Imperial Beach, California, has been on the forefront of the sewage
contamination issues. Photograph: Eduardo Contreras/AP

A surfer and longtime coastal conservation advocate, Aguirre spent nearly two
decades advocating for solutions to the contamination at Imperial Beach before
she was elected mayor in 2022.



The situation had been complicated, she said, by the fact that the issue
straddles the national border, requiring the US and Mexican governments to work
together. In January, Mexico broke ground on a new wastewater treatment plant to
replace an outdated facility in Punta Bandera, six miles south of the border.

Meanwhile, the US government in 2020 approved a $300m fund to expand a
wastewater treatment plant in San Ysidro, just north of the border. But a
government memo obtained by the San Diego Union Tribune last year revealed the
facility had been in such disrepair that half the funds would be needed just to
maintain the existing infrastructure.

Aguirre and other local officials and advocates have since been pushing for an
additional $310m in federal funds to improve wastewater treatment capacity,
which Joe Biden included in an October emergency supplemental funding request
that has yet to be approved by Congress. California’s governor, Gavin Newsom,
and Congressman Scott Peters, whose district borders Imperial Beach, have also
urged urgent action.

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“In the history of this issue, we have never had as much attention on it as we
have had these past 12 months,” said Aguirre. “Is it enough? No.”

This week’s report was commissioned in part to help bolster officials’ requests
for more resources. To create it, Granados and her colleagues reviewed more than
60 studies and reports to present an overview of the public health and
environmental risks of urban runoff and sewage in the region, at the request of
Peters and the Conrad Prebys Foundation, a local charitable organisation.

The report highlights a range of risks, including the spread of antibiotic
resistant strains of E coli and legionella. The overflows may also carry
illnesses that have nearly been eradicated in the US, such as tuberculosis, the
report found. Mixed into the sewage are also toxic chemicals, including banned
pesticides such as DDT and heavy metals, probably from urban runoff of
industrial waste that gets incorporated into the river’s flow, researchers said.
These contaminants can also become airborne, as droplets flung by crashing
waves, spreading pathogens and chemicals across vast swaths of the region.

The sewage also poses a grave risk to local ecosystems. The researchers point to
a recent case in which bottlenose dolphins stranded in San Diego were found to
have died from sepsis caused by a bacteria that is commonly transmitted through
exposure to faeces or urine.

There is still much that researchers don’t know about the crisis, including the
extent to which long-term exposure to the various contaminants, bacteria and
other pathogens are affecting people’s health. But the researchers said that
urgent investments in infrastructure and public health resources are needed.

“Everybody who lives here has been affected by it one way or another,” said
Aguirre, who has herself been to urgent care a few times after contracting
illnesses, including viral pharyngitis, after spending time near the water.
“This has become a normal thing in our lives. But it should never be normal to
anybody.”

Explore more on these topics
 * Pollution
 * Infectious diseases
 * US-Mexico border
 * San Diego
 * California
 * Mexico
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