info.fortna.com - urlscan.io

Summary

This website contacted 4 IPs in 2 countries across 3 domains to perform 5 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 192.28.154.24, located in United States and belongs to OMNITURE, US. The main domain is info.fortna.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 202... on July 28th 2023. Valid for: a year.

This is the only time info.fortna.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1	52.184.251.130 52.184.251.130	8075 (MICROSOFT...) (MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK)
2	192.28.154.24 192.28.154.24	15224 (OMNITURE) (OMNITURE)
1	104.16.94.80 104.16.94.80	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
5	4

1 52.184.251.130 (Boydton, United States)

ASN8075 (MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK, US)

learn.fortna.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 192.28.154.24 (United States)

ASN15224 (OMNITURE, US)

info.fortna.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 104.16.94.80 (None, )

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

app.marketo.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
3	fortna.com learn.fortna.com info.fortna.com	17 KB
1	marketo.com app.marketo.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 193292	3 KB
0	googleapis.com Failed fonts.googleapis.com Failed
5	3

	Domain	Requested by
2	info.fortna.com	learn.fortna.com
1	app.marketo.com	info.fortna.com
1	learn.fortna.com
0	fonts.googleapis.com Failed	info.fortna.com
5	4

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
marketo.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
*.tracking.ethos09-prod-va7.ethos.adobe.net DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1	`2024-06-04` - `2024-09-02`	3 months	crt.sh
*.marketo.com DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1	`2023-07-28` - `2024-08-27`	a year	crt.sh
app.marketo.com E6	`2024-06-19` - `2024-09-17`	3 months	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY
Frame ID: 575823E6E991DB3F1B4255031E064AB0
Requests: 5 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

500 - Error

Page URL History Show full URLs

http://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4F... HTTP 307
https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4F... Page URL
http://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGL... HTTP 307
https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGL... Page URL

Detected technologies

Google Font API (Font Scripts) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

<link[^>]* href=[^>]+fonts\.(?:googleapis|google)\.com

Page Statistics

5
Requests

20 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

3
Domains

4
Subdomains

4
IPs

2
Countries

20 kB
Transfer

19 kB
Size

2
Cookies

1 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: http://marketo.com/support
Title: create a support ticket

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

http://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8= HTTP 307
https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8= Page URL
http://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY HTTP 307
https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 0

http://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8= HTTP 307
https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=

5 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2

302

ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=
learn.fortna.com/u/
Redirect Chain

http://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=
https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=

546 B
921 B

465ms
121ms

Document
text/html

52.184.251.130
MICROSOFT-CORP-MS...

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

52.184.251.130 Boydton, United States, ASN8075 (MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

adobe /

Resource Hash

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	default-src 'self'; img-src 'self';script-src 'self' 'sha256-Iq51mx2CwOyXIFluK2kZ+HpMqcuG1qGbD4MvXaMxl34=';object-src 'none';form-action 'none';frame-src 'none';style-src 'self'
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

cache-control: private, no-cache, no-store, max-age=0
content-length: 546
content-security-policy: default-src 'self'; img-src 'self';script-src 'self' 'sha256-Iq51mx2CwOyXIFluK2kZ+HpMqcuG1qGbD4MvXaMxl34=';object-src 'none';form-action 'none';frame-src 'none';style-src 'self'
content-type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
date: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 02:09:34 GMT
referrer-policy: strict-origin
server: adobe
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-request-id: 809b43c1c2baa43d

Redirect headers

Location: https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=
Non-Authoritative-Reason: HttpsUpgrades

GET
H/1.1

404
Not Found

Primary Request UnsubscribePage.html Show response
info.fortna.com/
Redirect Chain

http://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY
https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY

1 KB
1 KB

552ms
126ms

Document
text/html

192.28.154.24
OMNITURE

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY

Requested by

Host: learn.fortna.com
URL: https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

192.28.154.24 , United States, ASN15224 (OMNITURE, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

nginx /

Resource Hash

806bd35d90967a9b04b0b49e1f9ac75734d846483a9caf7e2f163316da292ed7

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Referer: https://learn.fortna.com/u/ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6YOmobAt6UGHUtF5kC0KDKGKUj2R0cJ5UqhvJofQBpmqVUyB4FGcsZCflGLKgIy81C8=
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 698
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 02:09:36 GMT
Server: nginx
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff

Redirect headers

Location: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY
Non-Authoritative-Reason: HttpsUpgrades

GET
H2 200 band_aid.png
app.marketo.com/images/icons128/ 3 KB
3 KB 569ms
277ms Image
image/png 104.16.94.80
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://app.marketo.com/images/icons128/band_aid.png

Requested by

Host: info.fortna.com
URL: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.16.94.80 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

a3f09767e7f40e996f54e137f7eb157b197f9a7c308172b07cda028cc8225114

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=63113904
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://info.fortna.com/
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

date: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 02:09:36 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=63113904
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-cache-status: REVALIDATED
last-modified: Thu, 30 May 2024 20:57:38 GMT
server: cloudflare
etag: "2480464-acb-619b21df91480"
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: image/png
cache-control: public, max-age=60
accept-ranges: bytes
cf-ray: 896837bae8f29f38-FRA
content-length: 2763
expires: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 02:10:36 GMT

GET css
fonts.googleapis.com/ 0
0

GET
H/1.1 200
OK favicon.ico
info.fortna.com/ 15 KB
15 KB 123ms
123ms Other
text/plain 192.28.154.24
OMNITURE

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://info.fortna.com/favicon.ico

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

192.28.154.24 , United States, ASN15224 (OMNITURE, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

nginx /

Resource Hash

a3686bb7fe5423a3f87cf291fd019fe1307d127c04abb7c2e01a451023555351

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 02:09:36 GMT
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Last-Modified: Thu, 30 May 2024 20:57:38 GMT
Server: nginx
ETag: "1b00937-3aee-619b21df91480"
Content-Type: text/plain
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 15086

Failed requests

These URLs were requested, but there was no response received. You will also see them in the list above.

Domain: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

3 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

undefined| event object| fence object| sharedStorage

2 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			info.fortna.com/	1969-12-31 23:59:59	Name: BIGipServerab44web-nginx-app_https Value: !dE/otKob6mWBdJKwZJ6CmE6tjLF6/0rBUvuu/4MJbct/NeYI1b34pvog+VY7F8W5zg7q9sOsTHcprsM=
			.app.marketo.com/	1970-01-20 21:27:31	Name: __cf_bm Value: XCNftLq43TuBGqgR0BNLocotoH0HPPraFpTstI3Posw-1718849376-1.0.1.1-lRuY93yGyBVe_KyG4x28zgfCLs93kBZQ_tlQ8dBsT2ns0c2NBRStqZ2WB7HlhKeu2avCFBaW4ybc.UPE5pX_rw

4 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
network	error	URL: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 (Not Found)
security	warning	URL: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY Message: Mixed Content: The page at 'https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://app.marketo.com/images/icons128/band_aid.png'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security	error	URL: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY(Line 42) Message: Mixed Content: The page at 'https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure stylesheet 'http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300'. This request has been blocked; the content must be served over HTTPS.
security	warning	URL: https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY(Line 55) Message: Mixed Content: The page at 'https://info.fortna.com/UnsubscribePage.html?mkt_unsubscribe=1&mkt_tok=ODMwLUhUWC04NDAAAAGTzumY6ZZGLX0qdzE5JVMkncqmIlddN6UbC28jo-ssXr0QVSI58Nx6ociDO5TivCHqSs5UfKKu62VZDhYf2ydx5_7x6oF_zZ_I2ltUtDY' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://app.marketo.com/images/icons128/band_aid.png'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
Content-Security-Policy	default-src 'self'; img-src 'self';script-src 'self' 'sha256-Iq51mx2CwOyXIFluK2kZ+HpMqcuG1qGbD4MvXaMxl34=';object-src 'none';form-action 'none';frame-src 'none';style-src 'self'
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

app.marketo.com
fonts.googleapis.com
info.fortna.com
learn.fortna.com
fonts.googleapis.com
104.16.94.80
192.28.154.24
52.184.251.130
806bd35d90967a9b04b0b49e1f9ac75734d846483a9caf7e2f163316da292ed7
a3686bb7fe5423a3f87cf291fd019fe1307d127c04abb7c2e01a451023555351
a3f09767e7f40e996f54e137f7eb157b197f9a7c308172b07cda028cc8225114

info.fortna.com Open in urlscan Pro 192.28.154.24 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page URL History Show full URLs

Detected technologies

Page Statistics

5 Requests

20 %HTTPS

0 %IPv6

3 Domains

4 Subdomains

4 IPs

2 Countries

20 kBTransfer

19 kBSize

2 Cookies

1 Outgoing links

Page URL History

Redirected requests

5 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Failed requests

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

3 JavaScript Global Variables

2 Cookies

4 Console Messages

Security Headers

Indicators

info.fortna.com Open in urlscan Pro
192.28.154.24 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

5
Requests

20 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

3
Domains

4
Subdomains

4
IPs

2
Countries

20 kB
Transfer

19 kB
Size

2
Cookies

5 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions