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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Volume 1134, Issue 1 p. 25-60



ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY BIRDS

Christopher J. Whelan,

Christopher J. Whelan

Illinois Natural History Survey, Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, Wilmington,
Illinois, USA

Search for more papers by this author
Daniel G. Wenny,

Daniel G. Wenny

Lost Mound Field Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, Savanna, Illinois,
USA

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Robert J. Marquis,

Robert J. Marquis

Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,
USA

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Christopher J. Whelan,

Christopher J. Whelan

Illinois Natural History Survey, Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, Wilmington,
Illinois, USA

Search for more papers by this author
Daniel G. Wenny,

Daniel G. Wenny

Lost Mound Field Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, Savanna, Illinois,
USA

Search for more papers by this author
Robert J. Marquis,

Robert J. Marquis

Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,
USA

Search for more papers by this author
First published: 28 June 2008
https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1439.003
Citations: 355
Address for correspondence: Christopher J. Whelan, Illinois Natural History
Survey, Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, 30239 South State Highway 53,
Wilmington, IL 60481 Voice: +1-815-423-6370-250; fax: +1-815-423-6376.
whelanc@uic.edu
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ABSTRACT

Ecosystem services are natural processes that benefit humans. Birds contribute
the four types of services recognized by the UN Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment—provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. In this
review, we concentrate primarily on supporting services, and to a lesser extent,
provisioning and regulating services. As members of ecosystems, birds play many
roles, including as predators, pollinators, scavengers, seed dispersers, seed
predators, and ecosystem engineers. These ecosystem services fall into two
subcategories: those that arise via behavior (like consumption of agricultural
pests) and those that arise via bird products (like nests and guano).
Characteristics of most birds make them quite special from the perspective of
ecosystem services. Because most birds fly, they can respond to irruptive or
pulsed resources in ways generally not possible for other vertebrates. Migratory
species link ecosystem processes and fluxes that are separated by great
distances and times. Although the economic value to humans contributed by most,
if not all, of the supporting services has yet to be quantified, we believe they
are important to humans. Our goals for this review are 1) to lay the groundwork
on these services to facilitate future efforts to estimate their economic value,
2) to highlight gaps in our knowledge, and 3) to point to future directions for
additional research.


CITING LITERATURE



Volume1134, Issue1

The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology 2008

June 2008

Pages 25-60




 * RELATED


 * INFORMATION


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 * Ecosystem services provided by waterbirds
   
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   Biological Reviews




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