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GENETICS MAY BE AS IMPORTANT AS EXERCISE REGIME IN WEIGHT LOSS, STUDY FINDS

 * admin
 * October 17, 2024
 * Lifestyle

Some of us have a natural talent when it comes to burning fat and losing weight
through exercise. Photo / 123rf
Research has identified 14 genes that are linked with weight loss from exercise.
Weight loss is a complicated process. There are so many factors involved
including your diet, how much sleep you get each night and the kind of exercise
you do. Our recent study shows your specific genetic profile may also have a
dominant effect on how well you lose weight through exercise. This might explain
why two people who do an identical workout will see very different results.
We identified 14 genes that appeared to significantly contribute to how much
weight a person lost through running. This suggests some of us have a natural
talent when it comes to burning fat and losing weight through exercise.
To conduct our study, we recruited 38 men and women born in the UK aged between
20 and 40. None of the participants regularly exercised at the start of the
study. The group was randomly divided, with one half following a strict
eight-week endurance programme that consisted of three weekly runs of 20-30
minutes.
The other group acted as a control. They were instructed to refrain from
exercise and continue their daily routines as normal over this study period,
including diet and lifestyle habits.
All participants conducted a running test to see how far they could run in 12
minutes, and were weighed before and after the study period. This was to gauge
their initial fitness level and see how much they changed over the duration of
the study. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated.
Additionally, a saliva sample was collected from each person with a DNA test kit
at the end of the study to assess their unique genetic profile.
It’s important to note that everyone who participated in the study had a similar
body weight, BMI and aerobic fitness level at the start of the study. This is
beneficial for multiple reasons. It meant everyone was at the same starting
point, and some confounding variables were already controlled for, such as
fitness level. This ultimately improves accuracy in interpreting the results.
Everyone in the exercise group managed to lose weight – around 2kg on average.
The control group, on the other hand, put on a little bit of weight.
While a 2kg weight loss may not sound like a lot, it’s significant considering
the exercise regime only lasted eight weeks and participants made no changes to
their diet.
More significant, however, was the large variation in results among those that
exercised – with an up to 10kg difference in weight loss between some of the
participants. In fact, everyone within the exercise group improved at different
rates.
Since we controlled for factors such as the intensity, duration and frequency of
the exercises and used participants who had a similar body weight and fitness
level at the start of the study, this suggests some people naturally benefited
more than others from endurance training.
When we looked at the genetic profiles of our participants, we found the
difference in each person’s response to the exercise was strongly associated
with their specific genetics.
We showed there was a strong linear correlation between the amount of weight
participants lost and 14 genes that have previously been shown to be associated
with body weight, metabolism or psychological conditions that affect BMI. The
greater number of these genes a participant had, the more weight they lost. Our
results also revealed that around 63% of the variance in weight lost among
participants were explained by the genes identified.
For example, research has shown the PPARGC1A gene plays a role in metabolism and
the use of fats for energy while exercising. Our study found that all
participants who lost more than 1.5kg from exercise had this gene. Those who
lost less than this did not have this gene.
Our findings align with what previous studies have shown. But while previous
papers have only looked at the link between individual genes and weight loss,
ours is the first to show that 14 different genes appear to work in combination
to affect whether a person loses weight from endurance exercise.
Our study also suggests that while some people possess genes that make it easier
for them to get fit and lose weight, people with these favourable genetics can
only flourish if they actually exercise. In fact, our control group also had a
number of these listed genes but without exercise these genes could not
activate, so the participants did not lose any weight.
While our study provides compelling findings, it’s not without limitations.
Since we only looked at endurance-based exercise, it will be important for
future studies to investigate whether there are similar links between weight
loss, genetics and combinations of different types of training (such as a
mixture of endurance and strength sessions into a training plan).
It’s also worth mentioning that exercise is only one piece of the puzzle when it
comes to weight loss. So even if you have all 14 of these genes, you won’t lose
any weight or get fit if you don’t exercise and maintain a healthy diet and
sleep pattern.
On the flip side, someone who only has a few of these favourable genes can still
benefit if they exercise and are mindful of other aspects of their lifestyle.


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