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5. Socket.IO alternatives: Top 5 competitors to consider in 2024
2 min read•Last updatedUpdated May 15, 2023
SOCKET.IO ALTERNATIVES: TOP 5 COMPETITORS TO CONSIDER IN 2024
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WHAT IS SOCKET.IO?
Created back in 2010, Socket.IO is a well-known open-source library that enables
low-latency, bi-directional communication between web clients and servers.
Socket.IO is built on top of the WebSocket protocol and provides additional
capabilities such as automatic reconnections, or falling back to HTTP long
polling.
Socket.IO is used for developing realtime features such as:
* Live chat
* Multiplayer collaboration (e.g. project management or co-editing)
* Live dashboards
* Live polls & quizzes
Copy link to clipboard
5 ALTERNATIVES TO SOCKET.IO
We’ll now look at alternatives to Socket.IO - similar technologies that allow
you to build realtime functionality for end-users. Here are the five
alternatives we’ll cover:
* DIY WebSocket solution
* SockJS
* The Ably serverless WebSocket platform
* Rails ActionCable
* SignalR
Copy link to clipboard
DIY WEBSOCKET SOLUTION
WebSocket is a realtime technology that enables bi-directional, full-duplex
communication between client and server over a persistent, single-socket
connection.
A WebSocket connection starts as an HTTP request/response handshake. If this
initial handshake is successful, the client and server have agreed to use the
existing TCP connection that was established for the HTTP request as a WebSocket
connection. This connection is kept alive for as long as needed (in theory, it
can last forever), allowing the server and the client to independently send data
at will.
DIY WebSocket solution pros
* WebSocket is a mature, widely-used technology; it emerged over a decade ago
and has been extensively battle-tested. Most programming languages,
development platforms, and browsers support WebSockets.
* The WebSocket technology allows for the implementation of application-level
protocols (on top of WebSockets), and extensions for additional functionality
(such as pub/sub messaging). Building on raw WebSockets means you have the
flexibility of designing your own WebSocket-based protocol and capabilities,
tailor-made for your specific use case and needs.
* Before WebSocket, HTTP techniques like AJAX long polling and Comet were the
standard for building realtime apps. Compared to HTTP, WebSocket eliminates
the need for a new connection with every request, drastically reducing the
size of each message (no HTTP headers). This helps save bandwidth, improves
latency, and makes WebSockets less taxing on the server side compared to
HTTP.
DIY WebSocket solution cons
* Certain environments (such as corporate networks with proxy servers) will
block WebSocket connections. You will most likely have to consider supporting
fallback transports for these scenarios.
* Unlike HTTP, WebSocket is stateful. This can be tricky to handle, because it
requires the server layer to keep track of each individual WebSocket
connection and maintain state information.
* Building a reliable DIY WebSocket solution that you can trust to deliver at
scale is expensive, time-consuming, and requires significant engineering
effort.
Here are some key stats to give you a taste of how complex it is to engineer
WebSocket capabilities in-house:
* 65% of DIY WebSocket solutions had an outage or significant downtime in the
last 12-18 months.
* 10.2 person-months is the average time to build basic WebSocket
infrastructure, with limited scalability, in-house.
* Half of all self-built WebSocket solutions require $100K-$200K a year in
upkeep.
Learn more about the challenges of building a WebSocket solution in-house
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SOCKJS
Per its documentation, SockJS is “a browser JavaScript library that provides a
WebSocket-like object. SockJS gives you a coherent, cross-browser, Javascript
API which creates a low latency, full duplex, cross-domain communication channel
between the browser and the web server".
SockJS pros
* While its main transport is WebSocket, SockJS supports numerous fallback
options, including Server-Sent Events, long polling, and JSONP-polling.
* Intuitive, easy-to-use API, which makes getting started with SockJS quick and
easy.
* Active efforts are being made so that SockJS is available in additional
programming languages, like Ruby, Java, Scala, Python, Erlang, and Rust.
SockJS cons
* SockJS is a simplistic WebSocket implementation, lacking features such as
presence, automatic reconnections, pub/sub messaging, and message history.
Additionally, it doesn’t guarantee data integrity (guaranteed delivery and
ordering).
* Evidence suggests SockJS doesn’t scale beyond 7000 concurrent users, which
indicates that it’s more suitable for small and medium-scale projects rather
than large-scale applications.
* You can't open more than one SockJS connection to a single domain at a time.
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ABLY
Ably is a realtime experience infrastructure provider. Our realtime APIs and
SDKs help developers power multiplayer collaboration, chat, data
synchronization, data broadcast, notifications, and realtime location tracking
at internet scale, without having to worry about managing and scaling messy
realtime infrastructure.
Key Ably features and capabilities
* Ably is underpinned by a globally-distributed network of datacenters and edge
acceleration points of presence.
* Client SDKs for every major programming language and development platform.
* Pub/sub APIs with rich features, such as message delta compression,
multi-protocol support (WebSockets, MQTT, Server-Sent Events), automatic
reconnections with continuity, presence, and message history.
* Guaranteed message ordering and delivery.
* Global fault tolerance and a 99.999% uptime SLA.
* < 65ms round-trip latency for 99th percentile.
* Elastic scalability to handle millions of concurrent clients.
Here are some more resources for further reading:
* See how Ably compares to Socket.IO.
* Learn more about the Ably platform (features and system properties).
* Explore customer stories and find out how organizations like HubSpot,
Mentimeter, and Genius Sports benefit from trusting Aby with their realtime
needs.
Sign up for a free account and see what Ably can do for you.
Copy link to clipboard
RAILS ACTIONCABLE
Rails ActionCable adds realtime, WebSocket-based capabilities to Rails
applications. ActionCable provides a client-side JavaScript framework and a
server-side Ruby framework. Additionally, ActionCable supports the pub/sub
pattern, which is most often powered by Redis Pub/Sub (although you can use
other options like PostgreSQL).
Rails ActionCable pros
* Allows you to mount the WebSocket endpoint directly inside your app, which
simplifies deployment significantly and allows sharing of cookies.
* The ActionCable client-side library is responsible for maintaining a
connection and reattaching all subscriptions to Channels. If, for example,
your connection is abruptly terminated, the ActionCable client-side library
will automatically reestablish a connection and subscribe to all previous
subscriptions.
* ActionCable is bi-directional so browser clients can receive data broadcasted
using the received method, but also send data to public methods using the
client-side perform function.
Rails ActionCable cons
* There is no acknowledgment of success or failure (ACK / NACK) for the
publishing of messages from a client to the server. This can lead to some
messages never being delivered (at-most-once semantics), and negatively
impact the user experience. Additionally, message ordering is not guaranteed
(no serial number/timestamp is attached to messages).
* If you need to support devices or environments where WebSockets are blocked
(e.g., corporate networks with proxy servers), the ActionCable is not a
suitable option, as it doesn’t provide any fallback transports.
* Platform interoperability is one of ActionCable’s weaker points. That’s
because ActionCable is very much a Javascript and Ruby technology. There are
no official client libraries for other platforms such as iOS, Android, Go,
Python.
Learn more about the pros and cons of using Rails ActionCable
Copy link to clipboard
SIGNALR
SignalR is a technology that enables you to add realtime web functionality to
apps, primarily over WebSockets. SignalR comes in several different flavors:
* ASP .NET SignalR - a library for ASP. NET developers. Note that this version
is largely outdated (only critical bugs are being fixed, but no new features
are being added).
* ASP .NET Core SignalR - an open-source SignalR library; unlike ASP. NET
SignalR, this version is actively maintained.
* Azure SignalR Service - the fully managed cloud version.
SignalR pros
* SignalR uses WebSockets wherever possible, but it also supports two fallback
transports: Server-Sent Events, and HTTP long polling, for environments where
the WebSocket transport is blocked/unsupported.
* Multiple backplane options to choose from when scaling out: Redis, SQL
Server, or Azure Service Bus (note that there’s no need for a backplane when
using the fully managed version, Azure SignalR Service).
* Part of the ASP.NET Framework, which makes it easy to use SignalR in
combination with other ASP.NET features like authentication, authorization,
and dependency injection.
SignalR cons
* SignalR offers rather weak messaging QoS; ordering and delivery are not
guaranteed. You’d have to come up with your own mechanism to ensure robust
messaging (e.g., adding sequencing information to messages themselves).
* SignalR offers a limited number of client SDKs: C#, Java, Python, and
JavaScript. Platforms and languages like iOS, Android, Go, Ruby or PHP are
not supported.
* SignalR is designed to be a single-region service, which can negatively
impact its performance, reliability, and availability.
See how Socket.IO compares to SignalR
Copy link to clipboard
A BRIEF CONCLUSION
We hope you’ve found this article useful as a starting point for discovering
Socket.IO alternatives. We encourage you to conduct an in-depth analysis and
evaluation to see which one of the solutions we’ve covered is the best choice
for your specific use-case.
If you’re looking for a scalable, feature-rich WebSocket service to build live
experiences for end-users, and you don’t want to worry about managing complex
infrastructure, we invite you to give Ably a go.
Sign up for a free Ably account and get the ball rolling in minutes with our
quickstart guide.
On this page
1. What is Socket.IO?
2. 5 alternatives to Socket.IO
1. DIY WebSocket solution
2. SockJS
3. Ably
4. Rails ActionCable
5. SignalR
3. A brief conclusion
Try out Ably as a Socket.IO alternative
Ably is a globally-distributed serverless WebSocket PaaS. We make it easy to
build live experiences like chat and asset tracking for millions of users.
Start with a free account
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