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WHAT IS ROUND-ROBIN DNS?

Round-robin DNS is a load balancing technique that involves using several
different IP addresses for a single domain name.

LEARNING CENTER

 * What is DNS?
 * What is 1.1.1.1?
 * DNS Records
 * Securing DNS
 * Domain Registration
 * DNS Glossary
 * theNET

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this article you will be able to:

 * Describe round-robin DNS
 * Outline the pros and cons of using round-robin DNS for load balancing

Related Content

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DNS records

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WHAT IS ROUND-ROBIN DNS?

Round-robin DNS is a load balancing technique where the balancing is done by a
type of DNS server called an authoritative nameserver, rather than using a
dedicated piece of load-balancing hardware. Round-robin DNS can be used when a
website or service has their content hosted on several redundant web servers;
when the DNS authoritative nameserver is queried for an IP address, the server
hands out a different address each time, operating on a rotation. This is
particularly useful when the redundant web servers are geographically separated,
making traditional load-balancing difficult. Round-robin is known for it’s ease
of implementation, but it also has strong drawbacks.

A DNS server with round-robin enabled will have multiple different A records,
each with the same domain name but a different IP address. Each time the DNS
server is queried, it sends the IP address to which it most recently responded
with to the back of the queue, operating on a loop. The IP addresses in a
round-robin DNS server are like baseball players in a batting lineup: each one
gets a turn and then is moved to the back of the line.


WHAT ARE THE DRAWBACKS OF ROUND-ROBIN DNS?

The round-robin method doesn’t always provide evenly-distributed load balancing
because of both DNS caching and client-side caching. If a user makes a DNS query
to a particularly high traffic recursive resolver for a particular website, that
resolver will cache the website’s IP, potentially sending a heavy amount of
traffic to that one IP.

Another drawback is that round-robin cannot be depended upon for site
reliability; if one of the servers goes down, the DNS server will still keep
that server’s IP in the round-robin rotation. So if there are 6 servers and one
is taken offline, one in six users will be denied service. In addition,
round-robin DNS does not account for server load, transaction time, geographical
distance, and other factors that traditional load balancing can be configured
for.

Some advanced round-robin services have methods to overcome a few of the
drawbacks, such as the ability to detect unresponsive servers and take them out
of the round-robin rotation, but there is no way around the caching issue. Many
DNS providers, like Cloudflare DNS support round-robin DNS.

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Getting Started

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About DNS

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DNS Glossary

 * What is 1.1.1.1?
 * What is My IP Address?
 * DNS Zone
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 * Primary vs. secondary DNS
 * Round-robin DNS
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