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WIND WATCH SITE MAP Try multi-category search (beta) » ISSUES/LOCATIONS Select ISSUES Aesthetics General Human rights Impacts Economics Emissions Environment Grid Health Noise Property values Tourism Wildlife Law Contracts Filings Ordinances Regulations Safety Siting Technology LOCATIONS Africa Egypt South Africa Americas Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Saskatchewan Chile Mexico U.S. Alaska Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Asia China India Iran Japan Taiwan Turkey Europe Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland U.K. England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Oceania Australia New Caledonia New Zealand Photos Videos Documents Home View PDF, DOC, PPT, and XLS files on line Add NWW documents to your site (click here) Latest Documents Health, Noise: Wind turbines and adverse health effects: Applying Bradford Hill’s criteria for causation by Anne Dumbrille, Robert McMurtry, and Carmen Krogh – ‘Big Noises: Tobacco and Wind’ Germany, Wildlife: High vulnerability of juvenile Nathusius’ pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus nathusii) at wind turbines Technology: To Get Wind Power You Need Oil Wildlife: Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Health, Noise, Taiwan: Effects of low-frequency noise from wind turbines on heart rate variability in healthy individuals Australia, Noise: Evaluation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation synthesis quality Scotland, Wildlife: Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Technology: Leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades: a sampling of research California, Economics, New Mexico, Technology, Texas, U.S.: How Green Mandates Are Undermining the Affordability and Reliability of Electricity Sign up for daily updates Keep Wind Watch online and independent! News Watch Selected Documents Research Links Alerts Press Releases FAQs Publications & Products Photos & Graphics Videos Allied Groups posted: February 14, 2013 • Health, Noise INFRASOUND FROM WIND TURBINES COULD AFFECT HUMANS Author: Salt, Alec; and Kaltenbach, James | Health, Noise Abstract Wind turbines generate low-frequency sounds that affect the ear. The ear is superficially similar to a microphone, converting mechanical sound waves into electrical signals, but does this by complex physiologic processes. Serious misconceptions about low-frequency sound and the ear have resulted from a failure to consider in detail how the ear works. Although the cells that provide hearing are insensitive to infrasound, other sensory cells in the ear are much more sensitive, which can be demonstrated by electrical recordings. Responses to infrasound reach the brain through pathways that do not involve conscious hearing but instead may produce sensations of fullness, pressure, or tinnitus, or have no sensation. Activation of subconscious pathways by infrasound could disturb sleep. Based on our current knowledge of how the ear works, it is quite possible that low-frequency sounds at the levels generated by wind turbines could affect those living nearby. Figure 1. Upper Panel: Full-spectrum recording of sound from a wind turbine recorded for 20 seconds in a home with the wind turbine 1,500 ft downwind (digital recording kindly provided by Richard James). Lower Left Panel: Result of high-pass filtering the waveform at 20 Hz, showing the sound that is heard, including the sounds of blade passes. Lower Right Panel: Result of low-pass filtering the waveform at 20 Hz, showing the infrasound component of the sound. Figure 4. Low-frequency components of wind turbine sound spectrum (below 1 kHz) before and after A-weighting. The original spectrum was taken from Van den Berg (2006). The shaded area represents the degree of alteration of the spectrum by A-weighting. A-weighting (i.e., adjusting the spectrum according to the sensitivity of human hearing) has the effect of ignoring the fact that low-frequency sounds can stimulate the outer hair cells [OHC] at levels that are not heard. Representing this sound as 42 dBA, based on the peak of the spectrum, ignores the possibility that low-frequency components down to frequencies as low as 5 Hz (from Figure 3) are stimulating the OHC. Also shown are the spectra after G-weighting (dotted) and C-weighting (dashed) for comparison. Alec N. Salt Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, salta/ent.wustl.edu James A. Kaltenbach Lerner Research Institute/Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 31(4) 296–302 © 2011 SAGE DOI:10.1177/0270467611412555 Download original document: “Infrasound From Wind Turbines Could Affect Humans” This material is the work of the author(s) indicated. Any opinions expressed in it are not necessarily those of National Wind Watch. The copyright of this material resides with the author(s). As part of its noncommercial effort to present the environmental, social, scientific, and economic issues of large-scale wind power development to a global audience seeking such information, National Wind Watch endeavors to observe “fair use” as provided for in section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law and similar “fair dealing” provisions of the copyright laws of other nations. Queries e-mail. Wind Watch relies entirely on User Funding Share: Facebook Twitter Tumblr Vkontakte Diigo Email AddThis [ Short URLs: https://wind-watch.org/doc/?p=3280 | http://wndfo.net/D3280 ] Translate: FROM English | TO English Tags: Wind power, Wind energy Some possibly related stories: * Responses of the ear to low frequency sounds, infrasound and wind turbines * Infrasound: Your ears “hear” it but they don’t tell your brain * Low-frequency noise: a biophysical phenomenon * Infrasound: Public health and welfare criteria for noise, section 10 * Rollins Mountain, Apr. 29, 2011 * Responses of the Ear to Infrasound and Wind Turbines CONTACT • DONATE • PRIVACY • ABOUT • SEARCH © National Wind Watch, Inc. Use of copyrighted material adheres to Fair Use. "Wind Watch" is a registered trademark. Follow: FacebookFollow on FacebookTwitterFollow on TwitterTumblrFollow on TumblrLinkedInFollow on LinkedInYouTubeFollow on YouTubeVimeoFollow on VimeoPinterestFollow on Pinterest