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Submitted URL: https://t.co/iFhqCW7KTc
Effective URL: https://gcn.com/cybersecurity/2023/03/florida-city-water-cyber-incident-allegedly-caused-employee-error/384267/
Submission: On April 03 via manual from DE — Scanned from DE

Form analysis 5 forms found in the DOM

/search/

<form class="search-box-2-input-holder" action="/search/">
  <input class="search-box-2-input" type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" required="">
  <button type="submit" class="search-box-2-submit">
    <svg class="search-box-2-submit-svg">
      <use xlink:href="/static/a/base/svg/spritesheet.svg?v=17.15.0#icon-arrow-right-1b"></use>
    </svg>
  </button>
</form>

POST /newsletter-subscribe

<form class="subscribe-form" action="/newsletter-subscribe" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="source-signup" value=""><input type="hidden" name="newsletter_gcn_insider" value="on">
  <div class="form-group"><label class="subscribe-label"><span class="sr-only">email</span>
      <div class="input-group"><span class="input-group-prepend"><svg class="subscribe-email-icon">
            <use xlink:href="/static/a/base/svg/spritesheet.svg?v=17.15.0#icon-envelope"></use>
          </svg></span><input class="form-control form-control-lg" name="email" type="email" placeholder=" Enter your email " required="" autocomplete="email"><span class="input-group-append"><button class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit"><svg
              class="subscribe-submit-icon">
              <use xlink:href="/static/a/base/svg/spritesheet.svg?v=17.15.0#icon-arrow-right"></use>
            </svg></button></span></div>
    </label></div>
</form>

POST /newsletter-subscribe

<form class="survey-modal-form" action="/newsletter-subscribe" method="post">
  <fieldset>
    <input type="hidden" name="source-signup" value="">
    <input type="hidden" name="email" value="">
    <input type="hidden" name="is-survey" value="1">
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-full-name">
      <label for="full-name" class="survey-modal-label">Full Name</label>
      <input class="form-control form-control-lg survey-modal-field" id="full-name" name="full-name" type="text" autocomplete="name">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-i-work-for">
      <label for="employer" class="survey-modal-label">I Work For...</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="employer" name="i-work-for">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Department of Defense (Civilian)">Department of Defense (Civilian)</option>
        <option value="Department of Defense (Military)">Department of Defense (Military)</option>
        <option value="Federal Government">Federal Government</option>
        <option value="State/Local Government">State/Local Government</option>
        <option value="Government Contractor">Government Contractor</option>
        <option value="Private Sector">Private Sector</option>
        <option value="Retired">Retired</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-civilian-branch">
      <label for="civilian-branch" class="survey-modal-label">Agency/Department</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="civilian-branch" name="civilian-branch">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</option>
        <option value="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</option>
        <option value="Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</option>
        <option value="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</option>
        <option value="National Intelligence Agency">National Intelligence Agency</option>
        <option value="Office of the Secretary of Defense">Office of the Secretary of Defense</option>
        <option value="Other Defense Agency">Other Defense Agency</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-military-branch">
      <label for="military-branch" class="survey-modal-label">Agency/Department</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="military-branch" name="military-branch">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Air Force">Air Force</option>
        <option value="Army">Army</option>
        <option value="Coast Guard">Coast Guard</option>
        <option value="Navy">Navy</option>
        <option value="Marines">Marines</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-fed-gov-agency-dept">
      <label for="fed-gov-agency-dept" class="survey-modal-label">Agency/Department</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="fed-gov-agency-dept" name="fed-gov-agency-dept">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Department of Agriculture" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Agriculture</option>
        <option value="Department of Commerce" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Commerce</option>
        <option value="Department of Education" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Education</option>
        <option value="Department of Energy" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Energy</option>
        <option value="Department of HHS" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of HHS</option>
        <option value="Department of Homeland Security" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Homeland Security</option>
        <option value="Department of HUD" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of HUD</option>
        <option value="Department of Interior" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Interior</option>
        <option value="Department of Justice" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Justice</option>
        <option value="Department of Labor" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Labor</option>
        <option value="Department of State" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of State</option>
        <option value="Department of Transportation" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Transportation</option>
        <option value="Department of Treasury" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Treasury</option>
        <option value="Department of Veterans Affairs" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Department of Veterans Affairs</option>
        <option value="EPA" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">EPA</option>
        <option value="Executive Office of the President/Vice President" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Executive Office of the President/Vice President</option>
        <option value="Federal Bureau of Investigation" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Federal Bureau of Investigation</option>
        <option value="Federal Communications Commission" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Federal Communications Commission</option>
        <option value="Federal Trade Commission" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Federal Trade Commission</option>
        <option value="GSA" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">GSA</option>
        <option value="Judiciary Branch" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Judiciary Branch</option>
        <option value="Legislative Branch" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Legislative Branch</option>
        <option value="NASA" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">NASA</option>
        <option value="National Institute of Health" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">National Institute of Health</option>
        <option value="OMB" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">OMB</option>
        <option value="OPM" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">OPM</option>
        <option value="SSA" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">SSA</option>
        <option value="USPS" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">USPS</option>
        <option value="Other Agency" class="fed-gov-agency-dept">Other Agency</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-state-local-agency-dept">
      <label for="state-local-agency-dept" class="survey-modal-label">Agency/Department</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="state-local-agency-dept" name="state-local-agency-dept">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Government Association" class="state-local-agency-dept">Government Association</option>
        <option value="County" class="state-local-agency-dept">County</option>
        <option value="Municipal" class="state-local-agency-dept">Municipal</option>
        <option value="Special District" class="state-local-agency-dept">Special District</option>
        <option value="State" class="state-local-agency-dept">State</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-education">
      <label for="education" class="survey-modal-label">Agency/Department</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="education" name="education">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-organization-function">
      <label for="organization-function" class="survey-modal-label">Organization Function</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" name="organization-function" id="organization-function">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Elected Official/Legislative/Executive Office">Elected Official/Legislative/Executive Office</option>
        <option value="Environment/Energy">Environment/Energy</option>
        <option value="Finance/Budget">Finance/Budget</option>
        <option value="Health &amp; Human Services">Health &amp; Human Services</option>
        <option value="Public Safety/Emergency Services/Law Enforcement">Public Safety/Emergency Services/Law Enforcement</option>
        <option value="Technology">Technology</option>
        <option value="Transportation/Utilities/Infrastructure">Transportation/Utilities/Infrastructure</option>
        <option value="Other">Other</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-organization-name">
      <label for="organization_name" class="survey-modal-label">Please Provide Your Org.'s Name</label>
      <input class="form-control form-control-lg survey-modal-field" id="organization_name" name="organization-name" type="text" autocomplete="organization">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-industry">
      <label for="industry" class="survey-modal-label">Industry</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" name="industry" id="industry">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-job-title">
      <label for="job_title" class="survey-modal-label">Job Title</label>
      <input class="form-control form-control-lg survey-modal-field" id="job_title" name="job-title" type="text" autocomplete="job-title">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-job-function">
      <label for="job-function" class="survey-modal-label">Job Function</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" name="job-function" id="job-function">
        <option value="" disabled="" selected="">— select —</option>
        <option value="Agency Leadership">Agency Leadership</option>
        <option value="Business &amp; Operations">Business &amp; Operations</option>
        <option value="Communications &amp; Marketing">Communications &amp; Marketing</option>
        <option value="Financial/Contract Management">Financial/Contract Management</option>
        <option value="Human Resource Management">Human Resource Management</option>
        <option value="Technology Management">Technology Management</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-phone-number">
      <label for="phone-number" class="survey-modal-label">Phone Number</label>
      <input class="form-control form-control-lg survey-modal-field" id="phone-number" name="phone-number" type="tel" autocomplete="tel">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-postal-code">
      <label for="postal_code" class="survey-modal-label">Zip code</label>
      <input class="form-control form-control-lg survey-modal-field" id="postal_code" name="postal_code" type="text" autocomplete="postal-code">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-country">
      <label for="country" class="survey-modal-label">Country</label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-lg custom-select survey-modal-field" id="country" name="country">
        <option value="United States">United States</option>
        <option value="EEA (European Economic Area)">EEA (European Economic Area)</option>
        <option value="Canada">Canada</option>
        <option value="Other">Other</option>
      </select>
      <div class="survey-modal-select-icon-container">
        <div class="survey-modal-select-icon">▼</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group survey-modal-country-other">
      <label for="country_other" class="survey-modal-label">Country Name</label>
      <input id="country_other" type="text" name="country_other" class="form-control form-control-lg survey-modal-field" autocomplete="country-name">
    </div>
    <div class="form-check">
      <label class="form-check-label subscribe-third-party optin-regular">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" name="third_party" checked="">
        <span class="newsletters-partner-text">Yes, I want to receive occasional updates from partners</span>
      </label>
    </div>
    <div class="form-check">
      <label class="form-check-label subscribe-third-party optin-eea">
        <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" name="third_party_eea">
        <span class="newsletters-partner-text"> I agree to the use of my personal data by Government Executive Media Group and its partners to serve me targeted ads.
          <a class="survey-modal-learn-more-link" href="https://www.govexec.com/about/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Learn more</a>. </span>
      </label>
    </div>
    <div class="d-flex flex-row-reverse">
      <input class="survey-modal-submit" type="submit" value="Submit">
    </div>
  </fieldset>
</form>

POST /newsletters/subscribe/conversion-module/gcn_insider/

<form class="conversion-module-signup-form " action="/newsletters/subscribe/conversion-module/gcn_insider/" method="post">
  <fieldset>
    <legend class="conversion-module-signup-form-title">
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line1"> Get the must-read daily newsletter covering GCN community. </span>
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2"> Sign up for GCN Insider </span>
    </legend>
    <input id="conversion-module-nl-source_signup" name="source_signup" type="hidden" value="gcn-mod-conv-dt">
    <input id="conversion-module-nl-run_through_id" name="run_through_id" type="hidden">
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-email form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-nl-email"> My email is ... </label>
      <input autocomplete="email" class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-nl-email" name="email" placeholder="email@example.com" required="required" type="text">
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-employer form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-nl-employer"> I work for ... </label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-nl-employer" name="employer" required="required">
        <option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
        <option value="Department of Defense (Civilian)">Department of Defense (Civilian)</option>
        <option value="Department of Defense (Military)">Department of Defense (Military)</option>
        <option value="Federal Government">Federal Government</option>
        <option value="State/Local Government">State/Local Government</option>
        <option value="Government Contractor">Government Contractor</option>
        <option value="Private Sector">Private Sector</option>
        <option value="Retired">Retired</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-optin form-group">
      <div class="checkbox">
        <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label" for="conversion-module-nl-secondary_optin">
          <input checked="checked" id="conversion-module-nl-secondary_optin" name="secondary_optin" type="checkbox">
          <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-label-text">Also get our Events Newsletters, and stay up to date on all our in-person and virtual offerings.</span>
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit form-group">
      <button class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-btn btn btn-default" type="submit">
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-text">
          <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-arrow"></span> Sign up </span>
      </button>
    </div>
  </fieldset>
  <a class="conversion-module-signup-form-link" href="https://www.govexec.com/about/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a>
</form>

POST /newsletters/subscribe/conversion-module/gcn_insider/thank-you/

<form class="conversion-module-signup-form " action="/newsletters/subscribe/conversion-module/gcn_insider/thank-you/" method="post">
  <fieldset>
    <legend class="conversion-module-signup-form-title">
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line1"> Almost There! </span>
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2"> Help us tailor content specifically for you: </span>
    </legend>
    <input id="conversion-module-thank-you-source_signup" name="source_signup" type="hidden" value="gcn-mod-conv-dt">
    <input id="conversion-module-thank-you-run_through_id" name="run_through_id" type="hidden">
    <input id="conversion-module-thank-you-email" name="email" type="hidden">
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-full_name form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-thank-you-full_name"> Full Name </label>
      <input autocomplete="name" class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-thank-you-full_name" name="full_name" placeholder="" type="text">
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-agency_department form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-thank-you-agency_department"> Agency/Department </label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-thank-you-agency_department" name="agency_department" placeholder="">
        <option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="National Intelligence Agency">National Intelligence Agency</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="Office of the Secretary of Defense">Office of the Secretary of Defense</option>
        <option class="agency-department-civilian-branch" value="Other Defense Agency">Other Defense Agency</option>
        <option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Air Force">Air Force</option>
        <option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Army">Army</option>
        <option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Coast Guard">Coast Guard</option>
        <option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Navy">Navy</option>
        <option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Marines">Marines</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Education">Department of Education</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Energy">Department of Energy</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of HHS">Department of HHS</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of HUD">Department of HUD</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Interior">Department of Interior</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Justice">Department of Justice</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Labor">Department of Labor</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of State">Department of State</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Treasury">Department of Treasury</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="EPA">EPA</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Executive Office of the President/Vice President">Executive Office of the President/Vice President</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="GSA">GSA</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Judiciary Branch">Judiciary Branch</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Legislative Branch">Legislative Branch</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="NASA">NASA</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="National Institute of Health">National Institute of Health</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="OMB">OMB</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="OPM">OPM</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="SSA">SSA</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="USPS">USPS</option>
        <option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Other Agency">Other Agency</option>
        <option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Government Association">Government Association</option>
        <option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="County">County</option>
        <option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Municipal">Municipal</option>
        <option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Special District">Special District</option>
        <option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="State">State</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-organization_function form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-thank-you-organization_function"> Organization Function </label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-thank-you-organization_function" name="organization_function" placeholder="">
        <option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
        <option value="Elected Official/Legislative/Executive Office">Elected Official/Legislative/Executive Office</option>
        <option value="Environment/Energy">Environment/Energy</option>
        <option value="Finance/Budget">Finance/Budget</option>
        <option value="Health &amp; Human Services">Health &amp; Human Services</option>
        <option value="Public Safety/Emergency Services/Law Enforcement">Public Safety/Emergency Services/Law Enforcement</option>
        <option value="Technology">Technology</option>
        <option value="Transportation/Utilities/Infrastructure">Transportation/Utilities/Infrastructure</option>
        <option value="Other">Other</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-organization_name form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-thank-you-organization_name"> Organization Name </label>
      <input autocomplete="organization" class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-thank-you-organization_name" name="organization_name" placeholder="" type="text">
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-job_function form-group">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label" for="conversion-module-thank-you-job_function"> Job Function </label>
      <select class="form-control form-control-xl" id="conversion-module-thank-you-job_function" name="job_function" placeholder="">
        <option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
        <option value="Agency Leadership">Agency Leadership</option>
        <option value="Business &amp; Operations">Business &amp; Operations</option>
        <option value="Communications &amp; Marketing">Communications &amp; Marketing</option>
        <option value="Financial/Contract Management">Financial/Contract Management</option>
        <option value="Human Resource Management">Human Resource Management</option>
        <option value="Technology Management">Technology Management</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-phone form-group">
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FLORIDA CITY WATER CYBER INCIDENT ALLEGEDLY CAUSED BY EMPLOYEE ERROR



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By Chris Teale,
Staff Reporter, GCN
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By Chris Teale

| March 21, 2023


AL BRAITHWAITE, THE FORMER CITY MANAGER OF OLDSMAR, FLORIDA, SAID THE 2021
EPISODE WAS NOT CAUSED BY OUTSIDE HACKERS BUT WAS INSTEAD A “NON-EVENT” SPARKED
BY USER ERROR.

 * critical infrastructure
 * Cyber threats
 * tech workforce

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In 2021, news broke of a cyberattack at the Oldsmar, Florida, water treatment
plant, an event that sparked fears about the cyber vulnerabilities of critical
infrastructure.

At the time, reports suggested that a worker at the plant saw his computer being
remotely accessed and controlled. His mouse moved to open functions to control
water treatment protocols, and then the amount of sodium hydroxide, or lye, in
the water was changed from about 100 parts per million to 11,100 parts per
million. The operator immediately reduced the chemical to the proper level and
alerted a supervisor.

The alleged hack, which gained worldwide publicity from subsequent press
conferences given by Pinellas County Sheriff Bob Gualtieri and other leading
officials, prompted an investigation led by the FBI and the U.S. Secret Service,
as well as a joint federal advisory warning water treatment facility operators
of the dangers they faced from hackers and urging them to upgrade their security
systems.

But according to one official who was with the city at the time, the incident
was not a hack at all, just a case of an employee mistakenly clicking on the
wrong buttons, before alerting his superiors to his error.

Former Oldsmar City Manager Al Braithwaite described it as a “non-event” that
was resolved in two minutes, but said law enforcement and the media seized on
the idea of a cyberattack and “ran with it.” The attention resulted in a
four-month FBI investigation, which Braithwaite said reached the same conclusion
that employee error was to blame.

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“The FBI concluded there was nothing, no evidence of any access from the
outside, and that it was likely the same employee that was purported to be a
hero for catching it, was actually banging on his keyboard,” Braithwaite said in
a March 20 panel discussion during the American Society for Public
Administration’s Annual Conference.

A spokesperson with the FBI’s Tampa Field Office, which led the federal
investigation in 2021, declined to comment on the investigation or on any
conclusions it drew, citing restrictions under federal law.

Braithwaite said that the various investigations spawned by the incident,
including one by the Florida Office of Information Technology, were particularly
critical of the staff in Oldsmar, which he said runs its water treatment
facility on a network made up of five computers and a couple of iPads.

“Our staff felt like they were being accused [by investigators] of being the
criminals,” he said. Braithwaite said state officials came in “to identify our
many—I admit it, many—vulnerabilities,” and to suggest ways they could remedy
them. He added that the investigations were “extremely taxing” on staff.

As for the employee who made the error and then reported it to his supervisors,
Braithwaite said he has not been fired, and nor should he have been.

“The employee did everything he was supposed to do,” he said. “I could say that
they screwed up and that there was some kind of accountability that needed to be
dished out.” Instead, Braithwaite said the responsibility rested with him as the
city manager, as he was “responsible for everything that goes on there.”

“I wasn't, but I should have been held accountable for the fact that it
happened, even if they discovered later on that it didn't really happen,” he
added.

Other panelists said terminating employees for following standard operating
procedures would set a dangerous precedent, especially given the staff shortages
state and local governments have in tech and cybersecurity.

“If you think you have an employee shortage now, and it gets out that you're
going to fire somebody over that, you're really going to have a big employee
shortage,” said Karen Evans, executive director at the Cyber Readiness Institute
and former federal CIO. “I'm not saying you don't talk to him [about mistakes],
but I definitely say that you don't fire him.”

City leaders in Florida leery of copycat attacks on their systems had budget
requests for more cybersecurity funding quickly approved after the incident in
Oldsmar, Braithwaite said, which he said was one benefit of Gualtieri’s press
conferences shining a light on the issue. But even now, Braithwaite said he
still does not know how big a spend constitutes “good cybersecurity money,” as
the threats are constantly changing and are less tangible than potholes or other
physical infrastructure.

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