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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives,
Protecting People

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 * About CMV
 * Babies Born with CMV
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection Home
 1. CDC
 2. CMV Home




CONGENITAL CMV AND HEARING LOSS

CMV and Hearing Loss
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Hearing loss is common in babies with congenital CMV, even those without
symptoms at birth.

Cytomegalovirus, or CMV, is the most common infectious cause of birth defects in
the United States. About 1 out of 200 babies is born with congenital CMV.

One out of 5 babies with congenital CMV will have symptoms or long-term health
problems, such as hearing loss. Hearing loss may progress from mild to severe
during the first two years of life, which is a critical period for language
learning. Over time, hearing loss can affect your child’s ability to develop
communication, language, and social skills.


SOME BABIES WITH SIGNS OF CONGENITAL CMV AT BIRTH MAY BENEFIT FROM MEDICINES.

Babies who show signs of congenital CMV disease can be treated with medicines
called antivirals. Antivirals may decrease the severity of hearing loss. Babies
who get treated with antivirals should be closely watched by their doctor
because of possible side effects.




HEARING LOSS CAN BE PRESENT AT BIRTH OR DEVELOP LATER.

Babies with congenital CMV may have hearing loss in one ear and may later
develop hearing loss in the other ear. Progression may occur through
adolescence.


CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSS CAN BENEFIT FROM SERVICES.

Children diagnosed with hearing loss should receive services such as speech or
occupational therapy. These services help ensure they develop important
communication, language, and social skills. Children with hearing loss can also
learn other ways to communicate, such as using sign language, and to use devices
such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. The earlier children with hearing
loss start receiving services, the more likely they are to reach their full
potential.

Signs of congenital CMV in newborns

About 10% of babies with congenital CMV infection have signs at birth that
include:

 * Rash
 * Jaundice (yellowing of skin or whites of the eyes)
 * Microcephaly (small head)
 * Low birth weight
 * Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen)
 * Seizures
 * Retinitis (damaged eye retina)

Signs of Hearing Loss in Babies
 * Does not startle at loud noises
 * Does not turn to the source of a sound after 6 months of age
 * Does not say single words, such as “dada” or “mama” by 1 year of age
 * Turns head when he or she sees you but not if you only call out his or her
   name
 * Seems to hear some sounds but not others

Signs of Hearing Loss in Children
 * Speech is delayed
 * Speech is not clear
 * Does not follow directions. This could be the result of a partial or complete
   hearing loss
 * Often says, “Huh?”
 * Turns the TV volume up too high

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Page last reviewed: April 28, 2020
Content source: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases,
Division of Viral Diseases
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home CMV Home
 * About CMV
 * Babies Born with CMV
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 * What CDC is Doing
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   * Congenital CMV Infection
   * Laboratory Testing
 * CMV Resource Center expand
   * For Pregnant Women and Parents
   * For Healthcare Providers
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   * References

Related Links
 * Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives
 * Basics about Hearing Loss in Children
 * CMV Facts for Pregnant Women and Parents


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