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URL:
https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/jokerspy-unknown-adversary-targeting-organizations-with-multi-stage-macos-malware/
Submission: On July 05 via api (July 5th 2023, 3:24:57 pm UTC) from DE — Scanned from DE

Form analysis
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    * Surfaces
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       * Singularity Control Organization-Wide
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       * Singularity Core Cloud-Native NGAV
         
       * Package Comparison Our Platform at a Glance
         
   
    * Platform Products
       * Singularity Cloud Container, VM, and Server Workload Security
         
       * Singularity RemoteOps Orchestrate Forensics at Scale
         
       * Singularity Identity Identity Threat Detection
         and Response
         
       * Singularity CloudFunnel Cloud-to-Cloud Telemetry Streaming
         
       * Singularity Ranger AD Active Directory Attack Surface Reduction
         
       * Singularity BinaryVault Automatic File Sample Collection
         
       * Singularity Ranger Rogue Asset Discovery
         
       * Singularity Hologram Deception Protection
         
       * Singularity Mobile Mobile Threat Defense
         
   
   
 * Why SentinelOne?
    * Why SentinelOne?
       * Why SentinelOne? Cybersecurity Built
         for What’s Next
         
       * Our Customers Trusted by the World’s Leading Enterprises
         
       * Industry Recognition Tested and Proven
         by the Experts
         
       * About Us The Industry Leader in Autonomous Cybersecurity
         
   
    * Compare SentinelOne
       * CrowdStrike Cyber Dependent
         on a Crowd
         
       * McAfee Pale Performance,
         More Maintenance
         
       * Microsoft Platform Coverage
         That Compromises
         
       * Trend Micro The Risk of DevOps Disruption
         
       * Palo Alto Networks Hard to Deploy,
         Harder to Manage
         
       * Carbon Black Adapt Only as Quickly
         as Your Block Lists
         
       * Symantec Security Limited
         to Signatures
         
   
    * Verticals
       * Energy
         
       * Federal Government
         
       * Finance
         
       * Healthcare
         
       * Higher Education
         
       * K-12 Education
         
       * Manufacturing
         
       * Retail
         
   
   
 * Services
    * Threat Services
       * Vigilance Respond Pro
         MDR + DFIR 24x7 MDR with Full-Scale Investigation & Response
         
       * WatchTower Pro
         Threat Hunting Dedicated Hunting & Compromise Assessment
         
       * Vigilance Respond
         MDR Dedicated SOC
         Expertise & Analysis
         
       * WatchTower
         Threat Hunting Hunting for Emerging Threat Campaigns
         
      
      Services Overview
    * Support, Deployment, & Health
       * Technical Account Management Customer Success with Personalized Service
         
       * SentinelOne GO Guided Onboarding & Deployment Advisory
         
       * SentinelOne University Live and On-Demand Training
         
       * Support Services Tiered Support Options for Every Organization
         
       * SentinelOne Community Community Login
         
   
   
 * Partners
    * Our Network
       * Singularity Marketplace Extend the Power
         of S1 Technology
         
       * Cyber Risk
         Partners Enlist Pro Response
         and Advisory Teams
         
       * Technology Alliances Integrated, Enterprise-Scale Solutions
         
       * SentinelOne for AWS Hosted in AWS Regions Around the World
         
       * Channel Partners Deliver the Right
         Solutions, Together
         
      
      Program Overview
   
   
 * Resources
    * Resource Center
       * Case Studies
         
       * Data Sheets
         
       * eBooks
         
       * Reports
         
       * Videos
         
       * Webinars
         
       * White Papers
         
      
      View All Resources
    * Blog
       * Cyber Response
         
       * Feature Spotlight
         
       * For CISO/CIO
         
       * From the Front Lines
         
       * Identity
         
       * Cloud
         
       * macOS
         
       * SentinelOne Blog
         
      
      Blog
    * Tech Resources
       * SentinelLABS
         
       * Ransomware Anthology
         
       * Cybersecurity 101
         
   
   
 * About
    * About SentinelOne
       * About SentinelOne The Industry Leader in Cybersecurity
         
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         the Modern Threat Hunter
         
       * Careers The Latest Job Opportunities
         
       * Press & News Company Announcements
         
       * Cybersecurity Blog The Latest Cybersecurity Threats, News, & More
         
       * F1 Racing SentinelOne &
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       * FAQ Get Answers to Our Most Frequently Asked Questions
         
       * DataSet The Live Data Platform
         
       * S Foundation Securing a Safer Future for All
         
       * S Ventures Investing in the Next Generation
         of Security and Data
         
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Get a Demo
 * 1-855-868-3733
 * Contact
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Experiencing a Breach?
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 * Contact
 * Cybersecurity Blog


JOKERSPY | UNKNOWN ADVERSARY TARGETING ORGANIZATIONS WITH MULTI-STAGE MACOS
MALWARE

June 28, 2023
by Phil Stokes
PDF

Recent reports from researchers at BitDefender and Elastic have exposed an
active adversary deploying novel spyware, cross-platform backdoors and an
open-source reconnaissance tool to compromise organizations with macOS devices
in their fleets. Although the number of known victims at this time is small, the
nature of the tooling suggests that the threat actors have likely targeted other
organizations.

In this post, we review the key components and indicators used in the campaign
to help raise awareness and aid security teams and threat hunters.




QRLOG | SUSPECTED INFECTION VECTOR

There is little information about how initial compromise was achieved in the
known compromises, but analysis of the known components provide a strong link to
a trojanized QR code generator discovered in the wild in February 2023.

According to researcher Mauro Eldritch, QRLog is a trojanized QR code generator
written in Java that opens a reverse shell on the host device, allowing the
attacker privileged access. The malicious code is hidden inside a file
QRCodeWriter.java, buried in an otherwise legitimate open source QR code
project.

Base64 blob is an encoded Java file

After determining the host device’s operating system, QRLog decodes an embedded
base64 blob and writes it out to a temporary directory and executes it.

QRLog changes the path separator to suit Windows or Posix-compatible systems
like Linux and macOS

The decoded blob is a .java file that reaches out to a C2 at
hxxps[:]//www[.]git-hub.me/view.php. This is the same C2 as used in the
compromise reported by BitDefender (see below).

QRLog uses the same C2 later seen in an ITW JokerSpy intrusion

If the QRLog malware receives the right response from the C2, it then writes two
further files – p.dat and a Java executable prefTmp.java – to the temp directory
and executes the latter, which now opens the reverse shell from the victim to
the attacker.

The prefTmp.java files opens a reverse shell to the attacker


SHARED.DAT & SH.PY | CROSS-PLATFORM PYTHON BACKDOORS

In the intrusions seen to date, researchers identified two Python backdoors,
shared.dat and sh.py. The former uses a simple rot13 string obfuscation
technique.




Deobfuscated strings found in shared.dat backdoor



The script’s behavior depends on the response from the server, whose address is
hardcoded in plain text. In the intrusion seen by BitDefender, the C2 matched
that seen in the QRLog malware. shared.dat also uses the same strings found in
QRLog to identify packets sent and received from the C2, namely “GITHUB_RES” and
“GITHUB_REQ”.

C2 in shared.dat is the same as noted in QRLog malware

A simple conditional parses the responses.

Parsing commands from the C2 in the shared.dat backdoor

If the device is identified as a macOS device, the malware downloads and
executes the next stage to /Users/Shared/AppleAccount.tgz, which in turn decodes
a further stage to /Users/Shared/TempUser/AppleAccountAssistant.app.

The sh.py backdoor is also multi-platform and requires a separate configuration
file stored at ~/Public/Safari/sar.dat, likely containing the C2 as well as
other parameters. The C2 observed by Elastic in an attack on an unnamed Japanese
cryptocurrency exchange was app.influmarket[.]org.

The backdoor is capable of surveilling the host device and executing commands,
exfiltrating data and deleting files.

The sh.py script is a cross-platform backdoor

Depending on the value received from the configuration file, the backdoor will
beacon out to the C2 at regular intervals, the default being 5 seconds.
Information sent to the attacker includes:

 * Current working directory
 * Username
 * Hostname
 * Domain name
 * OS version
 * Python version
 * Path to sh.py

According to researchers at Elastic, the sh.py script was seen dropping the
open-source macOS red-teaming tool SwiftBelt to the file path /Users/shared/sb
and writing out to a file sb.log in the same directory.

/bin/sh -c /users/shared/sb > /users/shared/sb.log 2>&1



JOKERSPY | MACOS SPYWARE STAGER

In both intrusions seen to date, a further macOS only component was observed.
The file, named “xcc”, attempts to hide as an XProtect component, and uses the
Launch Services identifier com.apple.xprotectcheck.

Identifier=XProtectCheck-55554944f74096a836b73310bd55d97d1dff5cd4
Format=Mach-O universal (x86_64 arm64)
CodeDirectory v=20400 size=911 flags=0x2(adhoc) hashes=17+7 location=embedded
Hash type=sha256 size=32
CandidateCDHash sha256=89706d1258b6f1c165ff8d1d6d13346e02b48e22
CandidateCDHashFull sha256=89706d1258b6f1c165ff8d1d6d13346e02b48e22d1a741ff451d1cb6ba81bab2
Hash choices=sha256
CMSDigest=89706d1258b6f1c165ff8d1d6d13346e02b48e22d1a741ff451d1cb6ba81bab2
CMSDigestType=2
Launch Constraints:
    None
CDHash=89706d1258b6f1c165ff8d1d6d13346e02b48e22
Signature=adhoc
Info.plist=not bound
TeamIdentifier=not set
Sealed Resources=none
# designated => cdhash H"89706d1258b6f1c165ff8d1d6d13346e02b48e22" or cdhash H"9860c28299d58e71540c64e56c709aa619cfac27"


The binary is ad hoc signed and is built for both Apple silicon and Intel
architectures. On execution, it runs through several functions with the purpose
of determining:

 * Device Idle Time
 * Active (Frontmost) App
 * Screen status (locked or unlocked)
 * Full Disk Access of the active app
 * Screen Recording permissions of the active app
 * Accessibility (e.g., control other apps) permission of the active app

Output to stdout from executing xcc binary

Threat hunters should note that these are somewhat noisily printed out to
stdout, so will appear in system logs.

The inclusion of the SystemIdleTime() function is interesting and not something
commonly seen in macOS malware. This may indicate the threat actor intends to
establish a pattern of behavior as to when the user is inactive in order to time
attacks. The function itself uses Apple’s IOServiceMatching() api and the now
deprecated IOHIDSystem class to query for the HIDIdleTime value, a timer which
tracks the last time the user interacted with the mouse, trackpad or keyboard,
among other things.

Calls made by the SystemIdleTime() function

At the time of writing, it’s not clear how the xcc binary relates to the other
components, other than that they have been observed together in both instances.
xcc itself provides functionality for system discovery and it is likely there
are further associated spyware and backdoor components that remain to be
discovered.

Elastic observed xcc being executed by three different processes:

 * /Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/MacOS/idea
 * /Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2
 * /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents/MacOS/Electron

The researchers suggest that initial access may have been provided via a
malicious plugin or dependency that may have been trojanized in a similar way to
QRLog mentioned above.


SENTINELONE DETECTS JOKERSPY

The SentinelOne agent protects customers from JokerSpy, QRLog and other
malicious components identified in these attacks.



Security teams not protected by SentinelOne are advised to refer to the list of
indicators below for threat hunting and detection.


CONCLUSION

The JokerSpy intrusions reveal a threat actor with the ability to write
functional malware across several different languages – Python, Java, and Swift
– and target multiple operating systems platforms. The relative sophistication
of the multiple components suggests one or more developers devoting considerable
effort to the project, and we can only surmise that further victims are out
there.

There are still several pieces of the puzzle missing, but the intrusion into a
large cryptocurrency exchange indicates a financially-motivated threat actor.
SentinelOne continues to track this threat actor and will provide updates to
this post as they become available.


INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

Identifiers
com.apple.xprotectcheck

Communications
45[.]76[.]238[.]53
45[.]77].]123].]18
www[.]git-hub.me
app.influmarket[.]org

Files (SHA1)
1ed2c5ee95ab77f8e1c1f5e2bd246589526c6362 – xcc
1f99081affd7bef83d44e0072eb860d515893698 – SwiftBelt
21ffda8a6a05a007ef92088f99ab54485cfe473d – xcc
2234c9fc3c3d340f0367c49c6599379b96544b5a – QRCodeWriter.java
370a0bb4177eeebb2a75651a8addb0477b7d610b – xcc
76b790eb3bed4a625250b961a5dda86ca5cd3a11 – xcc
937a9811b3e5482eb8f96832454723d59229f945 – shared.dat
bd8626420ecfd1ab5f4576d83be35edecd8fa70e – sh.py
c304aef96a783a39aedf1af30de5d5f1c33c68ca – QRLog sample.zip
c7d6ede0f6ac9f060ae53bb1db40a4fbe96f9ceb – shared.dat

Paths

$TEMP/p.dat
$TEMP/prefTmp.java
~/Public/Safari/sar.dat
/Users/shared/sb
/Users/shared/sb.log
/Users/Shared/AppleAccount.tgz
/Users/Shared/TempUser/AppleAccountAssistant.app


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Table of Contents
QRLog | Suspected Infection Vector
 * QRLog | Suspected Infection Vector
 * Shared.dat & sh.py | Cross-Platform Python Backdoors
 * JokerSpy | macOS Spyware Stager
 * SentinelOne Detects JokerSpy
 * Conclusion
 * Indicators of Compromise


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Form analysis 6 forms found in the DOM

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GET https://www.sentinelone.com/

Text Content

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104.26.3.18 Public Scan

Form analysis
6 forms found in the DOM