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GETTING STARTED WITH KUBERNETES

 * What is Kubernetes?
   * How does Kubernetes work?
   * Why use Kubernetes?
   * Where can I run Kubernetes?
   * What is a Kubernetes cluster?
   * What is “enterprise Kubernetes?”
   * How do I start using Kubernetes?
 * What is Kubernetes monitoring?
 * What is Kubernetes management?
 * What are Kubernetes Secrets?
 * What are Kubernetes pods?
 * What is Kubernetes Support?
 * What is Enterprise Kubernetes?
 * What is Kubernetes Orchestration?
 * What is Kubernetes Ingress?
 * What is Kubernetes multi-cluster?
 * What is Kubernetes hybrid cloud/multi-cloud?

UNDERSTANDING CONTAINERS

 * What is a container registry?

UNDERSTANDING DOCKER SWARM

 * What is Docker Swarm?

VIRTUALIZATION

 * What is virtualization?
 * What is the software-defined data center?

Home > Cloud Native Concepts > What is Kubernetes?


WHAT IS KUBERNETES?


KUBERNETES IS SOFTWARE THAT AUTOMATICALLY MANAGES, SCALES, AND MAINTAINS
MULTI-CONTAINER WORKLOADS IN DESIRED STATES

Modern software is increasingly run as fleets of containers, sometimes called
microservices. A complete application may comprise many containers, all needing
to work together in specific ways. Kubernetes is software that turns a
collection of physical or virtual hosts (servers) into a platform that:
 * Hosts containerized workloads, providing them with compute, storage, and
   network resources, and
 * Automatically manages large numbers of containerized applications — keeping
   them healthy and available by adapting to changes and challenges


HOW DOES KUBERNETES WORK?

 1. When developers create a multi-container application, they plan out how all
    the parts fit and work together, how many of each component should run, and
    roughly what should happen when challenges (e.g., lots of users logging in
    at once) are encountered.
 2. They store their containerized application components in a container
    registry (local or remote) and capture this thinking in one or several text
    files comprising a configuration. To start the application, they “apply” the
    configuration to Kubernetes.
 3. Kubernetes job is to evaluate and implement this configuration and maintain
    it until told otherwise. It:
    * Analyzes the configuration, aligning its requirements with those of all
      the other application configurations running on the system
    * Finds resources appropriate for running the new containers (e.g., some
      containers might need resources like GPUs that aren’t present on every
      host)
    * Grabs container images from the registry, starts up the new containers,
      and helps them connect to one another and to system resources (e.g.,
      persistent storage), so the application works as a whole
 4. Then Kubernetes monitors everything, and when real events diverge from
    desired states, Kubernetes tries to fix things and adapt. For example, if a
    container crashes, Kubernetes restarts it. If an underlying server fails,
    Kubernetes finds resources elsewhere to run the containers that node was
    hosting. If traffic to an application suddenly spikes, Kubernetes can scale
    out containers to handle the additional load, in conformance to rules and
    limits stated in the configuration.


WHY USE KUBERNETES?

One of the benefits of Kubernetes is that it makes building and running complex
applications much simpler. Here’s a handful of the many Kubernetes features:
 * Standard services like local DNS and basic load-balancing that most
   applications need, and are easy to use.
 * Standard behaviors (e.g., restart this container if it dies) that are easy to
   invoke, and do most of the work of keeping applications running, available,
   and performant.
 * A standard set of abstract “objects” (called things like “pods,”
   “replicasets,” and “deployments”) that wrap around containers and make it
   easy to build configurations around collections of containers.
 * A standard API that applications can call to easily enable more sophisticated
   behaviors, making it much easier to create applications that manage other
   applications.

The simple answer to “what is Kubernetes used for” is that it saves developers
and operators a great deal of time and effort, and lets them focus on building
features for their applications, instead of figuring out and implementing ways
to keep their applications running well, at scale.

By keeping applications running despite challenges (e.g., failed servers,
crashed containers, traffic spikes, etc.) Kubernetes also reduces business
impacts, reduces the need for fire drills to bring broken applications back
online, and protects against other liabilities, like the costs of failing to
comply with Service Level Agreements (SLAs).


WHERE CAN I RUN KUBERNETES?

Kubernetes also runs almost anywhere, on a wide range of Linux operating systems
(worker nodes can also run on Windows Server). A single Kubernetes cluster can
span hundreds of bare-metal or virtual machines in a datacenter, private, or any
public cloud. Kubernetes can also run on developer desktops, edge servers,
microservers like Raspberry Pis, or very small mobile and IoT devices and
appliances.

With some forethought (and the right product and architectural choices)
Kubernetes can even provide a functionally-consistent platform across all these
infrastructures. This means that applications and configurations composed and
initially tested on a desktop Kubernetes can move seamlessly and quickly to
more-formal testing, large-scale production, edge, or IoT deployments. In
principle, this means that enterprises and organizations can build “hybrid” and
“multi-clouds” across a range of platforms, quickly and economically solving
capacity problems without lock-in.


WHAT IS A KUBERNETES CLUSTER?

The K8s architecture is relatively simple. You never interact directly with the
nodes hosting your application, but only with the control plane, which presents
an API and is in charge of scheduling and replicating groups of containers named
Pods. Kubectl is the command line interface that allows you to interact with the
API to share the desired application state or gather detailed information on the
infrastructure’s current state.

Let’s look at the various pieces.

NODES

Each node that hosts part of your distributed application does so by leveraging
Docker or a similar container technology, such as Rocket from CoreOS. The nodes
also run two additional pieces of software: kube-proxy, which gives access to
your running app, and kubelet, which receives commands from the k8s control
plane. Nodes can also run flannel, an etcd backed network fabric for containers.

MASTER

The control plane itself runs the API server (kube-apiserver), the scheduler
(kube-scheduler), the controller manager (kube-controller-manager) and etcd, a
highly available key-value store for shared configuration and service discovery
implementing the Raft consensus Algorithm.



WHAT IS “ENTERPRISE KUBERNETES?”

Kubernetes, by itself, provides a core software framework for container and
resource management, default services, plus an API. It’s engineered to be
extensible via standard interfaces to provide important capabilities like:
 * Running containers – a container runtime or ‘engine’
 * Letting containers communicate – a container network
 * Providing persistent storage – a container storage solution
 * Routing inbound traffic to containers in a secure and orderly way – an
   ingress solution
 * Full-featured load balancing – distributing inbound traffic evenly to
   container workloads – via integration with an external load-balancing
   solution

… and many other components essential for efficient use and operations at scale.
To make Kubernetes work at all — you or someone else needs to choose and
integrate solutions to fill these critical slots.

Kubernetes alternatives made available free of charge typically select from
among open source alternatives to provide these capabilities. These are often
very good solutions for learning and small-scale use.

Organizations that want to use Kubernetes to run production software at scale
need more, and more-mature functionality:
 * They need Kubernetes that’s feature-complete, hardened and secure, and easily
   integrated with centralized IT resources like directory services, monitoring
   and observability, notifications and ticketing, and so on.
 * They need Kubernetes that can be deployed, scaled, managed, and updated in
   consistent ways, perhaps across many different kinds of infrastructure.
 * They need all the different parts of Kubernetes to be validated together, and
   supported by a single vendor.

“Enterprise Kubernetes” refers to products and suites of products that answer
these needs: that fill all of Kubernetes’ feature slots with best-of-breed
solutions, solve problems of Kubernetes management across multiple
infrastructures, enable consistency, and provide complete support.


HOW DO I START USING KUBERNETES?

Mirantis makes several Kubernetes solutions, appropriate for different uses. Our
open source products can be used free of charge, with community support. Our
flagship products can be trialed free of charge and are available with tiered
support up to fully-managed services.

Mirantis Container Cloud (formerly Docker Enterprise Container Cloud) is a
solution for deploying, observing, managing, and non-disruptively updating
Kubernetes (plus other applications that run on top of Kubernetes, like
containerized OpenStack) on any infrastructure — ideal if you need to run
Kubernetes reliably at scale with security, simplicity, and freedom of choice.
(Download Mirantis Container Cloud)

Mirantis Kubernetes Engine (formerly Docker Enterprise/UCP) is fully-baked
Enterprise Kubernetes for development, testing, and production. It includes the
Universal Control Plane webUI for easy management, Mirantis Secure Registry
(formerly Docker Trusted Registry) for private container image storage and
security scanning, and runs on Mirantis Container Runtime (formerly Docker
Engine – Enterprise) — a hardened container runtime with optional FIPS 140-2
encryption and other security and reliability features. (Download Mirantis
Kubernetes Engine)

K0S – (pronounced “K-zeroes”) is zero-friction, open source Kubernetes that
starts with a single command and runs on almost any Linux at almost any scale,
from Raspberry Pis to giant datacenters. It’s our best choice for learners.
(Download k0s – zero friction Kubernetes)

Finally, Lens – the open source Kubernetes IDE, accelerates Kubernetes learning
and development. Lens lets you manage and interact with multiple Kubernetes
clusters easily using a context-aware terminal, visualize object hierarchies
inside them, view container logs, log directly into container command shells,
and more. (Download Lens – the Kubernetes IDE)

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Please note: Mirantis has realigned its portfolio and renamed several products.
These include Docker Enterprise Container Cloud (now Mirantis Container Cloud),
Docker Enterprise/UCP (now Mirantis Kubernetes Engine), Docker Engine -
Enterprise (now Mirantis Container Runtime), and Docker Trusted Registry (now
Mirantis Secure Registry).

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+1-650-963-9828

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