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Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > E > St. Eustathius


ST. EUSTATHIUS

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Bishop of Antioch, b. at Side in Pamphylia, c. 270; d. in exile at Trajanopolis
in Thrace, most probably in 360, according to some already in 336 or 337. He was
at first Bishop of Beræa in Syria, whence he was transferred to Antioch c. 323.
At the Council of Nicæa (325), he was one of the most prominent opponents of
Arianism and from 325-330 he was engaged in an almost continuous literary
warfare against the Arians. By his fearless denunciation of Arianism and his
refusal to engage any Arian priests in his diocese, he incurred the hatred of
the Arians, who, headed by Eusebius of Cæsarea and his namesake of Nicomedia,
held a synod at Antioch (331) at which Eustathius was accused, by suborned
witnesses, of Sabellianism, incontinency, cruelty, and other crimes. He was
deposed by the synod and banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace by order of the
Emperor Constantine, who gave credence to the scandalous tales spread about
Eustathius. The people of Antioch, who loved and revered their holy and learned
patriarch, became indignant at the injustice done to him and were ready to take
up arms in his defence. But Eustathius kept them in check, exhorted them to
remain true to the orthodox faith and humbly left for his place of exile,
accompanied by a large body of his clergy. The adherents of Eustathius at
Antioch formed a separate community by the name of Eustathians and refused to
acknowledge the bishops set over them by the Arians. When, after the death of
Eustathius, St. Meletius became Bishop of Antioch in 360 by the united vote of
the Arians and the orthodox, the Eustathians would not recognize him, even after
his election was approved by the Synod of Alexandria in 362. Their intransigent
attitude gave rise to two factions among the orthodox, the so-called Meletian
Schism, which lasted till the second decade of the fifth century (Cavallera, Le
schisme d'Antioche, Paris, 1905).



Most of the numerous dogmatic and exegetical treatises of Eustathius have been
lost. His principal extant work is "De Engastrimytho", in which he maintains
against Origen that the apparition of Samuel (1 Samuel 28) was not a reality but
a mere phantasm called up in the brain of Saul by the witch of Endor. In the
same work he severely criticizes Origen for his allegorical interpretation of
the Bible. A new edition of it, together with the respective homily of Origen,
was made by A. Jahn in Gebhardt and Harnack's "Texte und Untersuchungen zur
Gesch. der altchristl. Literatur" (Leipzig, 1886), II, fasc. iv. Cavallera
recently discovered a Christological homily: "S. Eustathii ep. Antioch. in
Lazarum, Mariam et Martham homilia christologica", which he edited together with
a commentary on the literary fragments of Eustathius (Paris, 1905). Fragments of
lost writings are found in Migne (P.G., XVIII, 675-698), Pitra and Martin
(Analecta Sacra, II, Proleg., 37-40; IV, 210-213 and 441-443). "Commentarius in
Hexaemeron" (Migne, P.G., XVIII, 707-794) and "Allocution ad Imp. Constantinum
in Conc. Nicæno" (Migne, P.G., XVIII, 673-676) are spurious. His feast is
celebrated in the Latin Church on 16 July, in the Greek on 21 Feb. His relics
were brought to Antioch.




SOURCES

BUTLER, lives of the Saints, 16 July; BARING -GOULD, Lives of the Saints, 19
July; VENABLES in Dict. Christ. Biog.k s.v.; Acta SS., July, IV, 130-144;
FESSLER-JUNGMANN, Institutiones Patrologiæ (Innsbruck, 1890), I, 427-431;
BARDENHEWER, Patrology, SHAHAN tr. (Freiburg-im-Br., St. Louis, 1908), 252-53.


ABOUT THIS PAGE

APA citation. Ott, M. (1909). St. Eustathius. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New
York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05627b.htm

MLA citation. Ott, Michael. "St. Eustathius." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5.
New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909.
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05627b.htm>.

Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by WGKofron. With
thanks to Fr. John Hilkert and St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. May 1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor.
Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.

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