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Create an AWS Account
 1. AWS
 2. ...
    
    
 3. Documentation
 4. Amazon Simple Email Service
 5. Developer Guide

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AMAZON SIMPLE EMAIL SERVICE


DEVELOPER GUIDE

 * What is Amazon SES?
    * Regions
    * Quotas
    * Types of credentials
    * How Amazon SES works
       * Email format
       * Understanding deliverability
       * Email best practices
          * Success metrics
          * Maintaining a positive sender reputation
   
    * Working with AWS SDKs

 * Getting started
    * Setting up
    * Migrating to Amazon SES
    * Request production access

 * Sending limits
    * Increasing your sending quotas
    * Monitoring your sending quotas
    * Sending quota errors

 * Set up email sending
    * Using the SMTP interface
       * Obtaining SMTP credentials
       * Connecting to an SMTP endpoint
       * Using software packages to send email
       * Sending emails programmatically
       * Integrating with your existing email server
          * Integrating with Postfix
          * Integrating with Sendmail
          * Integrating with Microsoft Windows Server IIS SMTP
      
       * Testing your connection to the Amazon SES SMTP interface
   
    * Using the API
       * Sending formatted email
       * Sending raw email
       * Using templates to send email
          * Advanced email personalization
          * Managing email templates
      
       * Sending email using an AWS SDK
          * Creating a shared credentials file
      
       * Content encodings
   
    * Supported security protocols
    * Supported header fields
    * Unsupported attachment types

 * Email receiving
    * Email receiving concepts & use cases
    * Setting up email receiving
       * Verifying your domain
       * Publishing an MX record
       * Giving permission
   
    * Email receiving console walkthroughs
       * Creating receipt rules
          * Action options
             * Add header
             * Return bounce response
             * Invoke Lambda function
                * Sample incoming email event
                * Use case examples
                * Lambda function examples
            
             * Deliver to S3 bucket
             * Publish to Amazon SNS topic
                * Notification contents
                * Notification examples
            
             * Stop rule set
             * Integrate with Amazon WorkMail
      
       * Create IP filters
   
    * Email receiving metrics

 * Verified identities
    * Creating & verifying identities
    * Managing identities
       * View identities using the console
       * Delete an identity using the console
       * Edit an identity using the console
       * Edit an identity to use a default configuration set using the SES API
       * Retrieve the default configuration set used by the identity using the
         SES API
       * Override the current default configuration set used by the identity
         using the SES API
   
    * Configuring identities
       * Email authentication methods
          * Authenticating Email with DKIM
             * Easy DKIM
             * BYODKIM - Bring Your Own DKIM
             * Managing Easy DKIM & BYODKIM
             * Manual DKIM signing
         
          * Authenticating Email with SPF
          * Using a custom MAIL FROM domain
          * Authenticating Email with DMARC
          * Using BIMI in SES
      
       * Setting up event notifications
          * Receive notifications through email
          * Receive notifications using Amazon SNS
             * Configuring Amazon SNS notifications
             * Notification contents
             * Notification examples
      
       * Using identity authorization
          * Policy anatomy
          * Creating an identity authorization policy
             * Using the policy generator
             * Creating a custom policy
         
          * Identity policy examples
          * Managing your policies
      
       * Using sending authorization
          * Overview of sending authorization
          * Identity owner tasks
             * Verifying an identity
             * Setting up notifications
             * Getting information from the delegate sender
             * Creating a sending authorization policy
             * Sending policy examples
             * Providing the delegate sender with the identity information
         
          * Delegate sender tasks
             * Providing information to the identity owner
             * Using delegate sender notifications
             * Sending emails for the identity owner
   
    * Sending test emails with the simulator

 * Configuration sets
    * Create configuration sets
    * Manage configuration sets
       * Create event destinations
       * Assign IP pools
       * Configure custom open and click domains
   
    * Specify configuration sets in email
    * View and export reputation metrics

 * Dedicated IP addresses
    * Standard
       * Request & relinquish
       * Warming up
       * Creating pools
   
    * Managed
    * Bring your own IP addresses

 * Virtual Deliverability Manager
    * Getting started
    * Dashboard
    * Advisor
    * Settings

 * NEW - Mail Manager
    * Getting started
    * Ingress endpoints
    * Traffic policies & policy statements
    * Rule sets & rules
    * SMTP relay
    * Email archiving
    * Email Add Ons
    * Permission policies

 * Lists and subscriptions
    * Global suppression list
    * Using the account-level suppression list
    * Using configuration set-level suppression
    * Using list management
    * Using subscription management

 * Monitoring sending activity
    * Monitoring using the console
    * Monitor using the API
    * Monitor email sending using event publishing
       * Setting up event publishing
          * Step 1: Create a configuration set
          * Step 2: Add event destination
             * Set up a CloudWatch destination
             * Set Up a Data Firehose destination
             * Set up an EventBridge destination
             * Set up an Amazon Pinpoint destination
             * Set up an Amazon SNS destination
         
          * Step 3: Specify your configuration set when sending
      
       * Working with event data
          * Retrieving event data from CloudWatch
          * Retrieving event data from Firehose
             * Event record contents
             * Event record examples
         
          * Interpreting event data from Amazon SNS
             * Event record contents
             * Event record examples

 * Monitoring sender reputation
    * Using reputation metrics
    * Reputation metrics messages
    * Creating alarms using CloudWatch
    * SNDS metrics for dedicated IPs
    * Automatically pausing email sending
       * For your entire account
       * For a configuration set

 * Monitoring using EventBridge
 * Code examples
    * Amazon SES
       * Basics
          * Actions
             * CreateReceiptFilter
             * CreateReceiptRule
             * CreateReceiptRuleSet
             * CreateTemplate
             * DeleteIdentity
             * DeleteReceiptFilter
             * DeleteReceiptRule
             * DeleteReceiptRuleSet
             * DeleteTemplate
             * DescribeReceiptRuleSet
             * GetIdentityVerificationAttributes
             * GetSendQuota
             * GetSendStatistics
             * GetTemplate
             * ListIdentities
             * ListReceiptFilters
             * ListTemplates
             * SendBulkTemplatedEmail
             * SendEmail
             * SendRawEmail
             * SendTemplatedEmail
             * UpdateTemplate
             * VerifyDomainIdentity
             * VerifyEmailIdentity
      
       * Scenarios
          * Build an Amazon Transcribe streaming app
          * Copy email and domain identities across Regions
          * Create a web application to track DynamoDB data
          * Create a web application to track Amazon Redshift data
          * Create an Aurora Serverless work item tracker
          * Detect PPE in images
          * Detect objects in images
          * Detect people and objects in a video
          * Generate credentials to connect to an SMTP endpoint
          * Use Step Functions to invoke Lambda functions
          * Verify an email identity and send messages
   
    * Amazon SES API v2
       * Basics
          * Actions
             * CreateContact
             * CreateContactList
             * CreateEmailIdentity
             * CreateEmailTemplate
             * DeleteContactList
             * DeleteEmailIdentity
             * DeleteEmailTemplate
             * GetEmailIdentity
             * ListContactLists
             * ListContacts
             * SendEmail
      
       * Scenarios
          * Newsletter workflow

 * Security
    * Data protection
       * Data at rest encryption
       * Deleting personal data
   
    * Identity and access management
       * AWS managed policies
       * Using service-linked roles
   
    * Logging and monitoring
       * Logging API calls
   
    * Compliance validation
    * Resilience
    * Infrastructure security in SES
    * VPC endpoints

 * Troubleshooting
    * General issues
    * Verification problems
    * DKIM problems
    * Delivery problems
    * Problems with received emails
    * Notification problems
    * Email sending errors
    * Increasing throughput
    * SMTP issues

 * FAQs
    * Sending review process FAQs
    * DNS Blackhole List (DNSBL) FAQs
    * Email metrics FAQs

 * Quick Find Index

Troubleshooting DKIM problems in Amazon SES - Amazon Simple Email Service
AWSDocumentationAmazon Simple Email ServiceDeveloper Guide


TROUBLESHOOTING DKIM PROBLEMS IN AMAZON SES


PDF

This section lists some of the problems that you may encounter when you
configure DKIM authentication in Amazon SES. If you attempt to set up DKIM and
you encounter problems, review the possible causes and solutions below.

You set up DKIM successfully, but your messages aren't being DKIM-signed

If you used Easy DKIM or BYODKIM to configure DKIM for a domain, but the
messages that you send aren't DKIM-signed, do the following:

 * Make sure that DKIM is enabled for the appropriate identity. To enable DKIM
   for an identity in the Amazon SES console, choose the email domain in the
   Identities list. On the details page for the domain, expand DKIM, and then
   choose Enable to enable DKIM.

 * Make sure that you're not sending from a verified email address on the same
   domain. If you set up DKIM for a domain, then all of the messages that you
   send from that domain are DKIM-signed, except for email addresses that you
   verified individually. Individually verified email addresses use separate
   settings. For example, if you configured DKIM for the domain example.com, and
   you separately verified the email address mary@example.com (but didn't
   configure DKIM for the address), then emails that you send from
   mary@example.com are sent without DKIM authentication. You can resolve this
   issue by deleting the email address identity from the list of identities for
   your account.

 * If you use the same identity in more than one AWS Region, you have to
   configure DKIM for each region separately. Similarly, if you use the same
   domain with more than one AWS account, you have to configure DKIM for each
   account. If you remove the necessary DNS records for a specific region or
   account, Amazon SES disables DKIM signing in that region or account. If DKIM
   signing becomes disabled, Amazon SES sends you a notification by email.

Your domain's DKIM details in the Amazon SES console show DKIM: waiting on
sender verification... DKIM Verification Status: pending verification.

If you complete the procedures in Easy DKIM or BYODKIM - Bring Your Own DKIM to
configure DKIM for a domain, but the Amazon SES console still indicates that
DKIM verification is pending, do the following:

 * Wait up to 72 hours. In rare cases, it can take time for the DNS records to
   become visible to Amazon SES.

 * Confirm that the CNAME record (for Easy DKIM) or the TXT record (for BYODKIM)
   uses the correct name. Some DNS providers automatically append the domain
   name to records that you create. For example, if you create a record with a
   Name of example._domainkey.example.com, your DNS provider might add the name
   of your domain to the end of this string, resulting in
   example._domainkey.example.com.example.com. For more information, see the
   documentation for your DNS provider.

You receive an email from Amazon SES that says your DKIM setup has been (or will
be) revoked.

This means that Amazon SES can no longer find the required CNAME records (if you
used Easy DKIM) or the required TXT record (if you used BYODKIM) records on your
DNS server. The notification email will inform you of the length of time in
which you must re-publish the DNS records before your DKIM setup status is
revoked and DKIM signing is disabled. If your DKIM setup is revoked, you must
restart the DKIM set-up procedure from the beginning.

When attempting to set up BYODKIM, the DKIM verification process fails.

Make sure that your private key uses the right format. The private key has to be
in either PKCS #1 or PKCS #8 format and use either 1024 or 2048 bit RSA
encryption. Additionally, the private key has to be base64 encoded.

While setting up BYODKIM, you receive a BadRequestException error when you try
to specify a public key for the domain.

If you receive a BadRequestException error, do the following:

 * Make sure that the selector that you specify for the public key contains at
   least 1 and less than or equal to 63 alphanumeric characters. The selector
   can't include periods or other symbols or punctuation.

 * Make sure that you've removed the header and footer lines from the public
   key, and that you've removed all of the line breaks from the public key.

When using Easy DKIM, your DNS servers successfully return the Amazon SES DKIM
CNAME records, but return SERVFAIL for the domain verification TXT record.

Your DNS provider might not be able to redirect CNAME records. Amazon SES and
ISPs query for TXT records. To comply with the DKIM specification, your DNS
servers have to be able to respond to TXT record queries as well as CNAME record
queries. If your DNS provider isn't able to respond to TXT record queries, an
alternative is to use Route 53 as your DNS hosting provider.

Your emails contain two DKIM signatures

The extra DKIM signature, which contains d=amazonses.com, is automatically added
by Amazon SES. You can ignore it.

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