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Part of the Politics seriesPolitics
 * Outline
 * Index
 * Category

Primary topics
 * Outline of political science
 * Index of politics articles
 * Politics by country
 * Politics by subdivision
 * Political economy
 * Political history
 * Political history of the world
 * Political philosophy

Political systems
 * Anarchy
 * City-state
 * Collective leadership
 * Democracy
 * Dictatorship
 * Directorial
 * Federacy
 * Feudalism
 * Hybrid regime
 * Meritocracy
 * Monarchy
 * Parliamentary
 * Presidential
 * Republic
 * Semi-parliamentary
 * Semi-presidential
 * Theocracy

Academic disciplines
 * Political science (political scientists)
 * International relations (theory)
 * Comparative politics
 * Election science
 * Political analysis
 * Political theory
 * Policy studies
 * Political psychology
 * Political sociology

Public administration
 * Bureaucracy (street-level)
 * Technocracy
 * Adhocracy
 * Service
   * (Public / Civil)

Policy
 * Public policy (doctrine)
 * Domestic policy
 * Foreign policy
 * Civil society
 * Public interest

Government branches
 * Separation of powers

 * Legislature
 * Executive
 * Judiciary
 * Election commission

Related topics
 * Sovereignty
 * Polity / State
   * (Politeia / Nation / Civilization / Territorial / Rump / Quasi / Warlord)
 * Theories of political behavior
 * Biology and political orientation
 * Political organisations
 * Critique of political economy

Subseries
 * Electoral systems
 * Elections
   * voting
 * Unitarism
 * Federalism
 * Government
   * (forms / Governance)
 * Ideology
 * Culture
 * Political campaigning
 * Political parties

 Politics portal
 * v
 * t
 * e



A political organization is any organization that involves itself in the
political process, including political parties, non-governmental organizations,
and special interest advocacy groups. Political organizations are those engaged
in political activities (e.g., lobbying, community organizing, campaign
advertising, etc.) aimed at achieving clearly-defined political goals, which
typically benefit the interests of their members.

While parties are one type of political organization that may engage in some or
all of those activities, they are distinct in that they typically focus on
supporting candidates for public office, winning elections and controlling
government.


CONTENTS

 * 1 Political parties
   * 1.1 Multi-party systems
   * 1.2 Single-party systems
   * 1.3 Two-party systems
 * 2 Party coalitions
 * 3 Parliamentary groups or Caucus
 * 4 Technical group
 * 5 Political group
 * 6 Labour unions
 * 7 See also
 * 8 References


POLITICAL PARTIES[EDIT]

Part of the Politics seriesParty politics
Political spectrum

Left-wing
 * Far-left
 * Centre-left

Centre
 * Centre-left
 * Radical centre
 * Centre-right

Right-wing
 * Centre-right
 * Far-right

Platforms/Ideologies
 * Anarchist
 * Christian democratic
 * Communist
 * Conservative
 * Democratic
 * Environmentalist
 * Fascist
 * Fundamentalist
 * Globalist
 * Green
 * Internationalist
 * Liberal
 * Libertarian
 * Nationalist
 * Pirate Party
 * Populist
 * Progressive
 * Radical
 * Regionalist
 * Republican
 * Social democratic
 * Socialist
 * Syncretic

Types
 * Bloc party
 * Elite party
 * Cartel party
 * Competitive
 * Catch-all party
 * Entrepreneurial party
 * Ethnic party
 * Mass party
 * Ruling party
 * Opposition party
 * Parliamentary opposition
 * Official party status
 * Single-issue party
 * Transnational / International

Leaders and organization
 * Backbencher
 * Caucus
 * Caucus chair
 * Frontbencher
 * Lead candidate
 * Leader of the Opposition
 * Majority leader
 * Minority leader
 * Political faction
 * Parliamentary leader
 * Party chair
 * Party leader
 * Party spokesperson
 * Secretary
 * Shadow cabinet
 * Whip

Internal elections
 * Primary election
 * Leadership election
 * Open list
 * Party convention/conference
 * Leadership convention

Party discipline
 * Conscience vote
 * Crossing the floor
 * Party discipline
 * Party line
 * Party-line vote
 * Party switching

Party systems
 * One-party

 * Dominant-party
 * Two-party
 * Multi-party

 * Non-partisan

Coalitions between parties
 * Parliamentary group
 * Divided government
 * Coalition government
 * Confidence and supply
 * Consensus government
 * Grand coalition
 * Hung parliament
 * Majority government
 * Minority government
 * National unity government
 * Rotation government

Lists of political parties
 * Ruling parties by country
 * Political parties by region
 * Banned political parties

 Politics portal
 * v
 * t
 * e

The most well-known type of political organization is the political party.
Political parties are directly involved in the political processes of countries
with party systems, of which there are several types.

Some of the most common types are multi-party systems, single party
dictatorships, and two party systems.


MULTI-PARTY SYSTEMS[EDIT]

In multi-party systems such as India, Pakistan, etc., there is no restriction on
the number of parties allowed to be in operation at any given time. Under these
types of systems, people are free to participate in the political process both
through elections and by forming their own political parties as they please.

Examples of multi-party systems are:

 *  Armenia
 *  Bangladesh
 *  Canada
 *  France
 *  Germany
 *  India
 *  Italy
 *  Pakistan
 * Philippines
 *  South Africa
 *  Taiwan


SINGLE-PARTY SYSTEMS[EDIT]

In single-party systems, one political party exercises control over the
government. Unlike under other systems, single-party systems do not necessarily
extend democratic privileges to the citizens. This means that citizens have
little say regarding political subjects.

Examples of single-party systems are:

 *  China
 *  Cuba
 *  Laos
 *  North Korea
 *  Vietnam


TWO-PARTY SYSTEMS[EDIT]

Two-party systems are similar to multi-party systems in that power is not
concentrated in one party and that parties have to consider the opinion of the
general public in order to retain power by winning elections. Most two-party
systems are technically multiparty systems but all power is effectively
concentrated amongst two parties or coalitions.

Examples of two-party systems are:

 *  Australia
 *  Malta
 *    Nepal
 *  United Kingdom
 *  United States


PARTY COALITIONS[EDIT]

See also: Coalition government

Another type of political organization is the party coalition. A party coalition
is a group of political parties operating together in parliament. Oftentimes,
party coalitions are formed after elections have taken place and no party has
clearly won a majority seat in parliament (e.g. the AAP-Congress Government in
Delhi). Other coalitions are formed prior to elections and are effectively
agreements between two or more parties to run jointly in elections and to pursue
similar agendas (e.g. the National Democratic Alliance in India, and the
Liberal/National Coalition in Australia). The electoral thresholds for
multi-party alliances are set differently in many countries depending on the
number of parties.


PARLIAMENTARY GROUPS OR CAUCUS[EDIT]

Main article: Parliamentary group

Parliamentary groups are groups of some members of the same political party or
electoral fusion of parties, also called caucus in the United States Congress
and the Parliament of Canada.[1]


TECHNICAL GROUP[EDIT]

Main article: Technical group

A technical group or mixed group is a heterogenous parliamentary group composed
of elected officials from political parties of differing ideologies (or
independent of any party) who are not numerous enough to form groups on their
own.


POLITICAL GROUP[EDIT]

Main article: Political group

A political group is a group composed of multiple political parties or
independents of aligned ideologies.


LABOUR UNIONS[EDIT]

Part of a series onOrganized labour
Labour movement
 *  * Conflict theories
    * Decent work
    * Exploitation of labor
    * Timeline
    * New unionism
    * Proletariat
    * Social movement unionism
    * Social democracy
    * Democratic socialism
    * Socialism
    * Communism
    * Syndicalism
    * Union busting
    * Anarcho-syndicalism
    * National-syndicalism

Labour rights
 * Freedom of association
 * Collective bargaining
 * Child labour
 * Unfree labour
 * Diversity, equity, and inclusion
 * Equal pay
 * Employment discrimination
 * Legal working age
 * Four-day week
 * Sabbatical
 * Eight-hour day
 * Annual leave
 * Paid time off
 * Occupational safety and health
 * Overwork
 * Professional abuse
 * Sick leave
 * Toxic workplace
 * Minimum wage
 * Occupational safety and health
 * Employment protection

Trade unions
 * Trade unions by country
 * Trade union federations
 * International comparisons
 *  * ITUC
    * WFTU

Strike action
 * Chronological list of strikes
 * Hartal
 * General strike
   * Bandh
   * newspapers
 * Green bans
 * Lockouts
 * Overtime bans
 * Pen-down strikes
 * Sitdown strikes
 * Solidarity action
 * Walkouts
 * Whipsaw strikes
 * Wildcat strikes
 * Work-to-rule

Labour parties
 * Australia
 * Barbados
 * Brazil
 * Fiji
 * Georgia
 * Hong Kong
 * Ireland
 * Israel
 * Malta
 * New Caledonia
 * New Zealand
 * Netherlands
 * Norway
 * Portugal
 * Singapore
 * South Korea
 * United Kingdom
 * Sweden

Academic disciplines
 * Industrial relations
 * Labour economics
 * Labour history
 * Labour law

 * v
 * t
 * e

A labour union (or trade union) is a political organization formed to promote
the interests of workers.

Labour unions have various roles in modern politics, including:

 * Organizing strike actions and general strikes
 * Negotiating with employers on behalf of workers
 * Ensuring that workers are not fired without severance pay
 * Assuring that workers receive reasonable salaries

Unlike other political organizations, labor unions do not directly participate
in elections, although they may campaign for parties and politicians supporting
their positions. Labour unionization is a way for workers to maintain unity and
preserve their rights. Often, major corporations antagonize the principle of
labor unionization since it results in heavier employment regulations which
restrict the powers of big business to fire workers at will, effectively causing
economic difficulties for such companies.


SEE ALSO[EDIT]

 * Politics portal

 * Lobby group
 * International organization
 * Governmental organization


REFERENCES[EDIT]

 1. ^ "What's a caucus anyway? 3 things to know". Cbc.ca. Retrieved 19 December
    2017.