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OTHER AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY OFFERINGS

 * Frederick Douglass Celebrates His Return to America a Free Man, and Reunion
   with His Family, While Telling of His Treatment During the Voyage
 * Cinque, Leader of the Amistad Revolt Autograph at an Abolitionist Fundraiser
   in Philadelphia
 * Martin Luther King Jr. Inscribes Stride Toward Freedom to Pioneer Civil
   Rights Leader A. Philip Randolph

More...

 * Abraham Lincoln Signed Check to “William Johnson (Colored)”—Who Accompanied
   the President to Antietam and Gettysburg
 * New York Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves – 1794 Land Deed
   from John Jay’s Brother for First African Free School in New York City
 * Very Early State Department Printing of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
   and William Seward’s Cover Letter, Sent to American Minister in Argentina
 * Abraham Lincoln Introduces Ulysses S. Grant’s Superintendent of Freed Slaves
   to the American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission
 * President Kennedy Sends a Martin Luther King, Jr. Tribute to Civil Rights
   Leader A. Philip Randolph
 * Former President and Future Confederate Supporter John Tyler Forcefully
   Defends the Fugitive Slave Act and the “Southern Cause,” Attacks the NY
   Press, and Plays up His Own Service in the War of 1812
 * Selma, Alabama Hotel Albert Archive, Including Martin Luther King, Jr.’s
   “Freedom Day” Registration Filled Out Moments Before He was Violently
   Assaulted
 * Lyndon B. Johnson Signing Pen for Voting Rights Act of 1965
 * Georgia Constitution of 1798 Prohibits Both the Importation of Slaves and
   Emancipation by Legislation
 * President Grant Preliminary Order Seeking to End Ku Klux Klan Violence in
   South Carolina
 * The Dreadful Dred Scott Decision, First Edition with Added Illustrations
 * Jackie Robinson says a talk radio host “needs to do a lot of soul searching.”
 * Powerful Anti-Slavery Argument Likely by John Laurens
 * “George Washington” - Keith Carter Photograph
 * 1778 Muster List, Including Rejected African American Recruit
 * Bold Cartoon on Fugitive Slave Law
 * Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail in Liberation Magazine
 * Rare Jim Crow Broadside from Father of American Minstrelsy
 * [Thomas Jefferson]. 1807 Acts of Congress, Including Law Abolishing Slave
   Trade, the Insurrection Act, and Lewis & Clark Content. First Edition.
 * His Grandmother-in-Law Can’t Spare a “Stacker” for John Augustine Washington
   III – Letter Delivered by Freed Washington Family Slave West Ford Includes
   List of Mount Vernon Slaves
 * Rare New York Senate Print of Proposed State Law to Combat the Dred Scott
   Decision
 * Arthur Ashe’s United Negro College Fund Benefit Silver Bowl Trophy
 * “Black bellied Yankees” at The Battle of Fort Blakely
 * Saving Free-Born African American from Life of Slavery
 * William Monroe Trotter - the first African American to earn a Phi Beta Kappa
   key at Harvard - pushes a petition calling for mercy for still imprisoned
   soldiers of the 24th US Colored Infantry
 * Congressmen Who Signed Thirteenth Amendment Abolishing Slavery
 * Dewey Attacks FDR’s Running Mate Harry Truman for Alleged Ku Klux Klan Ties
 * John Brown’s “Fort” as Tourist Attraction
 * Slavery Divides New York Legislature in 1844
 * A Copperhead Newspaper Prints, Then Criticizes,
   the Emancipation Proclamation
 * New Hampshire Ridicules South Carolina’s Attempts
   to Game the System After Rejecting the 14th Amendment
 * Quaker Farmer Writes to Congressman Morgan to Condemn Stephen Douglas’
   Nebraska Bill Allowing Slavery in New Territories
 * Senator Sprague of Rhode Island Writes About Fascinating Debates in Congress
   Involving Freedom for the Families of African American Recruits and the
   Limits of Free Speech in the Senate
 * Stirring Pamphlet Defense of Abner Kneeland in His Massachusetts Trials for
   Blasphemy
 * “Genealogy of Thos Moseley’s Family” Lists Births of Fourteen Enslaved People
   in Virginia and Kentucky
 * Gerald Ford Defends His Early Commitment to Civil Rights
 * 16 x 20 Inch Photograph of St. Augustine, Florida, African American Cart
   Driver
 * Discontent with Gilded Age Presidential Politics
   and the Influence of “the negro vote”
 * The Success of Black Troops At Petersburg, Virginia, Under Butler
 * “The Slave Sale, or Come Who Bids?” Abolitionist Sheet Music
 * Swedish immigrant uses racist “Pickaninny” imagery on a hand-painted envelope
 * “Black Republican” Salt River Ticket
 * Elmer W. Henderson – Who Defeated Railroad Dining Car Segregation –
   Congratulates African American Inventor for American Institute of Chemists
   Award
 * Peter Cooper’s Letter to Lincoln Regarding Emancipation
 * 1966 Civil Rights Charge of Discrimination Form
 * Alex Haley Signed Check

Booker T. Washington Writes Brief Notes for Speeches

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“Proud of Race / Serious Problem, / all can help / In & out of slavery”

These pages of notes, written by African American leader and educator Booker T.
Washington, are not fully developed texts but are likely either speaking points
for speeches or points to stress in reports. A few can be tied to specific
speeches Washington gave in the mid-1890s, but many refer to anecdotes or themes
that he used in multiple speeches over a lifetime of addressing black and white
audiences.

Washington’s approach to the path for African Americans to rise out of the
miseries of slavery was more gradual than that of other African American leaders
and aimed for accommodation to white hostility, fearing that the more
confrontational methods espoused by others would lead to disaster for his race.
The educational institutions and business organizations he nurtured created a
more confident and capable generation of leaders who led African Americans to
demand equal political and civil rights in the mid-twentieth century.

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. Autograph Manuscript Documents, Notes for Speeches or
Reports, ca. 1890-1915. Several pages are written on blank or verso of “Tuskegee
Normal and Industrial Institute” letterhead and one is on the verso of “Grand
Union Hotel” stationery from New York City. 17 pp., 5¾ x 8½ in. to 8½ x 11 in.



Inventory #27518       Price: $11,000

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Excerpts
“Mind and matter in Industrial Education”

“Tendency toward matter. / Kindergarten &c. / Ind. Ed—mind applied to
matter—Conquering forces of nature / more mind more matter”

“Educational Power of Ind. Ed. / Not for less but for its use. / What to do with
that thing, Not what is Known”

“Liberia—No common schools, No roads, Pointless boy / Liberian student, /
Studying oratory”

Washington delivered a speech entitled “Mind and Matter” before the Alabama
State Teachers’ Association in Selma on June 5, 1895.

“It is said that the strongest chain is no stronger than its weakest link.”

“In the Southern part of our Country are 20,000,000 of your brethern who are
bound to you and to whom you are bound with a indisoluble cord from you can not
separate yourselves if you would. /  (Aim should be to reach lowest) / Negro can
be anything.”

“two ways of exerting ones strength / Friendship of south”

“quote from recent report, / Justice, / Teach children to be helpful & kind.”

“stick to Tuskegee plan. / Influence of Negro leaders”

During a speech to the National Education Association in St. Louis on June 30,
1904, Washington, said, “There are two ways of exerting one’s strength; one in
pushing down, the other in pulling up. It is a sign of the highest civilization
when individuals reach that point where their strength is used in pulling every
human soul up to the very highest point of its usefulness and service.”[1] The
first sentence became an oft-repeated inspirational quotation.

“Trustee meeting / Land sale”

“Lease land. / New trustees”

“All under law. / 1 weak religious restraint / 2 Exciting passions, / 3
ministering to wicked appetites”

“Reputation—its value, / Publishing bad actions, / Be charitable in judging, /
Ridicule / when to speak out, / to protect Soc. / to protect the innocent, / To
protect the offender / Shun company of wicked.”

“It is a great satisfaction to belong to a race just now when white Americans
are likely to find themselves intermingled with the Mongolian and the malay from
the far East and the Latin races from the South, & say that under such
circumstances it is a supreme satisfaction to belong to a race that has such a
potent drawing power as is true of my race.”

This quotation comes from an address Washington delivered to the Christian
Endeavor Society on July 7, 1898, in Nashville, Tennessee. His speech was
entitled, “The Mutual Dependence of the Races.” The Christian Endeavor Society
was founded in 1881 as an interdenominational Christian youth society and spread
throughout the United States.

“How not to work”

“Dignifying labor / girl / white worker”

In his 1903 speech, “Industrial Education for the Negro,” Washington said, “Many
seem to think that industrial education is meant to make the Negro work as he
worked in the days of slavery. This is far from my conception of industrial
education. If this training is worth anything to the Negro, it consists in
teaching him how not to work, but how to make the forces of nature – air, steam,
water, horse-power and electricity – work for him. If it has any value it is in
lifting labor up out of toil and drudgery into the plane of the dignified and
the beautiful.”[2]

“Races, / Is all one, / No trouble between educated, / Do not hear of Progress,
/ Ignorance & Hatred / No law”

“Needs, / Proud of Race / Serious Problem, / all can help / In & out of slavery,
/ Red flag.”

Washington published a brief essay entitled “Why I am Proud of My Race,” in the
Sunday Magazine of the Sunday Star (Washington, DC), June 25, 1905, p4, and the
Sunday Magazine of the New York Tribune, June 25, 1905, p4, which concluded, “I
am proud of my race, finally, because I see it day by day learning to make
itself more useful in those communities of which it has become a part, and
because I believe in the end it will be found that it has something valuable of
its own to contribute to the civilization of the world.”

“Material Progress, / Va & Ga, / Business League, / Negro Conference, / New
Homes, / Montgmry Fair, / Columbia Heights, / “Camp Meeting” / Negro Banks, /
Negro drugstores,”

“Lincoln university, / what Education should Do / Introduction / Debt to
Lincoln,”

“Place to locate. / South new country / Create opportunities / In touch with
life about him. / Food, shelter, Roads, Commerce, School Houses, Liberia,
Creating centers,”

“self government, / Long view vs. short view”

“Educational / must harness to something”

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, two historically black
educational institutions were named Lincoln University, one near Oxford,
Pennsylvania, and the other one in St. Louis, Missouri. In June 1890, Lincoln
University in Pennsylvania conferred an honorary master’s degree on Booker T.
Washington, six years before he received an honorary master’s degree from
Harvard University.

“Moral & Religious / Criticisms for Culture / Foundation for religion and
morals.”

“South Hungry / Condition in Black Belt, / Hungry Christian / Emotional Nature /
In next world – give up world / Increasing wants / Can create wagon /
Superficial Culture (Wedding)”

In an address to students of Tuskegee Institute entitled “Substance vs. Shadow,”
Washington said, “You who study history know how the Pilgrim Fathers, who landed
at Plymouth Rock in the bleak winter of 1620, were willing to wear homespun
clothes, and to be married in them, if necessary, and to have a wedding that in
all would not cost more than four dollars, I suppose. On the other hand, when
one of our boys wants to get married now, he must have a wedding that costs not
less than one hundred and fifty dollars. His wife must have a dress with a long
train, and he must have a Prince Albert, broadcloth coat that he either rents,
or buys on the instalment plan. They think that they must have a bevy of waiting
bridesmaids, and there must be a line of hacks standing on the outside of the
church door that will cost him not less than twenty-five dollars. Then, after
the ceremony, where do these people go to live? The chances are the young man
who has been to all this expense for the sake of the show of it, takes his bride
to live in a small cabin with only two rooms—sometimes only one room—rented at
that.

“This is what I mean by getting the superficial culture before the dollars are
made; grasping at the shadow instead of the substance. Now what we want to do
here is to send out a set of young men and young women who will go into the
communities where such mistakes as these are made, and show the people by
example and by work how much better it is to get married for four dollars, and
to pay as you go, than to get married for a hundred and fifty dollars, and then
pay four dollars a month to live in a rented cabin. When I go to New York, or to
any large city, there is nothing more discouraging than to see people of this
very class I am speaking of, people who seek the superficial culture, the
shadow, rather than the substantial dollars and education.”[3]

“Prejudice / Something others way (3 cts) / Picture Tuskegee / Tangible side /
Could see bricks / Democratic Paper / Foundation for Political rights, /
mistakes, / ‘Cast down bucket’ / Business chance / Building and Riding in cars.
/ $10,000 in freight”

In his famous Atlanta Exposition Address of 1895, Washington urged both African
Americans and white southerners to “cast down your bucket where you are” and
insisted that “no race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity
in tilling a field as in writing a poem.”

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was born into slavery in Virginia. After
emancipation, he moved with his mother moved to West Virginia to join her
husband. Washington attended Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now
Hampton University) and Wayland Seminary (now Virginia Union University). In
1881, he became the first leader of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a normal
college founded for the education of African American teachers. Students
constructed the buildings of the college and grew their own food on a large
farm. In 1895, Washington’s influential Atlanta Exposition Address, which
promoted vocational and industrial education for African Americans, attracted
national attention for him and the Tuskegee Institute. Later referred to as the
Atlanta Compromise, Washington’s speech was at first supported and later opposed
by W. E. B. DuBois and other African American leaders. Washington developed a
nationwide network of supporters for the school in black communities throughout
the nation. In 1912, he developed a relationship with philanthropist Julius
Rosenwald, and Rosenwald’s foundation ultimately provided funding for building
nearly 5,000 small schools across the South for African American students. After
1909, leaders of the new National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People, and especially DuBois, criticized Washington for failing to push a civil
rights agenda. Washington advocated a more gradual approach to improving race
relations with the cooperation of supportive whites. Presidents Theodore
Roosevelt and William Howard Taft frequently asked Washington for political
advice. Washington wrote fourteen books, including his autobiography Up from
Slavery (1901). He also helped found the National Negro Business League to
encourage entrepreneurship among African American businessmen.

Condition: Some edge tears and small areas of loss; general toning.




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] The Montgomery Times (AL), July 5, 1904, 3:3.

[2] Booker T. Washington, “Industrial Education for the Negro,” in Booker T.
Washington, ed., The Negro Problem: A Series of Articles by Representative
American Negroes of To-day (New York: James Pott & Company, 1903), 25.

[3] Booker T. Washington, Character Building: Being Addresses Delivered on
Sunday Evenings to the Students of Tuskegee Institute (New York: Doubleday, Page
& Company, 1902), 240-242.


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