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TELEREMOTE EXCAVATOR OPERATION COMES TO SURFACE WITH HUAWEI 5G PROJECT AT CHINA
MOLYBDENUM

Posted by Paul Moore on 29th June 2020


Teleremote controlled mucking with underground LHDs (and then in some cases
switching to autonomous tramming) from the comfort of an office on the surface
has been happening in underground mining for some years now, so why not
teleremote control of surface mining excavators?

A collaboration between China Mobile Henan, Huawei, Sany’s Large Excavator
Research Institute, Henan Yuexin Intelligent Machinery and China Molybdenum has
developed and been operating such a system for some time in a mine in Henan
thanks to the application of 5G wireless network technology, taking advantage of
the Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) features of 5G networks.

Hydraulic Sany excavators in the Sandaozhuang moly mine of China Molybdenum in
Luanchuan County, Henan are being remotely controlled from the main operations
centre at the site, and have also been operated for demonstration purposes from
other locations including from Shanghai at the 2019 MWC show, over 1,000 km
away. They are loading a fleet of 30 autonomous battery electric tipper trucks
whose speed has safely been more than doubled from 15 km/h to 35 km/h.
Production efficiency has also been increased by 30%.

China Molybdenum’s Henan operations represent one of the first surface mining
complexes worldwide to replace its 4G technologies with 5G technologies. The
group has been improving unmanned mining through network development and
technologies such as short-range control, long-range control, control of a
single vehicle, centralised management, and smart management and control since
2015 with the 5G project realised in 2019. Nine Huawei 5G base stations have
been deployed at the mining site with the wireless network now being used for
the teleremote excavator loading and blasthole drill operation, as well as the
autonomous operation of battery electric tipper trucks.

Chief Engineer Yang Hui from Henan Yuexin Intelligent has stated that 5G
unmanned mines are able to meet multiple needs: HD image backhaul on mobile
devices, intelligent scheduling systems for autonomous driving, cloud computing,
and wireless transmission of massive numbers of HD images. Second, low latency
is crucial to the application of autonomous driving technology for mining.
According to Yang Hui, only after latency is reduced to under 30 ms will any lag
be reduced and operational safety be assured. The 5G network, with its low
latency, has enabled long-range remote control to become a reality at the mine.
It also increased the speed limit of autonomous mining trucks from 10 km/h to 35
km/h, improving transportation efficiency. Last, 5G enables a positioning
precision of less than 1 m. Replacing GPS with 5G positioning in mines reduces
the cost and facilitates more-effective management of personnel and vehicles.
Referring to the various costs relating to deploying 5G technology for mining,
Yang Hui has said that the number of 5G-ready devices (such as 5G CPE) necessary
for intelligent mining is small, so the equipment cost is not as high as it
might be expected. Using the Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) feature of 5G
networks, mining companies can also conduct AI-based analytics for a large
number of on-site videos captured by fixed and mobile cameras to facilitate
precise and efficient mining.

The machines at China Molybdenum’s operation are currently really quarry class
models, but the use of larger numbers of smaller class equipment units is common
in Chinese mining, and it is likely that remote control loading will be applied
to larger surface excavators in China and elsewhere for loading larger class
rigid AHS mining trucks. It would also seem to be the natural progression of how
the mining excavator market will evolve as part of AHS projects – they will not
be manned in the physical sense but will load AHS trucks via remote operator
control, just as already happens underground.

Keeping the human element with LHDs and surface excavators still brings crucial
human judgement to selecting the right bucket load from the blasted ore or
overburden as well as being better able to react to different scenarios
involving the unmanned trucks (or fleets with some manned and some unmanned
machines) and make judgements on the control the machine if it is operating on
uneven ground. The teleremote operator will still be able to tell the AHS truck
where to spot and kick it out once loaded.

 


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