URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Submission: On September 06 via manual from GB — Scanned from GB

Summary

This website contacted 13 IPs in 3 countries across 11 domains to perform 117 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 34.254.7.226, located in Dublin, Ireland and belongs to AMAZON-02, US. The main domain is www.oxforddnb.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by DigiCert TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1 on April 27th 2023. Valid for: a year.
This is the only time www.oxforddnb.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Apex Domain
Subdomains
Transfer
74 oxforddnb.com
www.oxforddnb.com
1 MB
21 twitter.com
platform.twitter.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1142
syndication.twitter.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1375
615 KB
8 jsdelivr.net
cdn.jsdelivr.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 351
54 KB
3 google-analytics.com
www.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 49
region1.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1977
21 KB
3 oup.com
gab.cookie.oup.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 281768
99 KB
2 pubfactory.com
apm.oupprodelk.pubfactory.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 218362
106 B
2 googletagmanager.com
www.googletagmanager.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 62
135 KB
2 gstatic.com
fonts.gstatic.com
30 KB
2 googleapis.com
fonts.googleapis.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 58
2 KB
2 scholarlyiq.com
ouptag.scholarlyiq.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 67330
4 KB
1 amazonaws.com
prod-apm-public-files.s3.amazonaws.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 199153
118 KB
117 11
Domain Requested by
74 www.oxforddnb.com 3 redirects www.oxforddnb.com
18 platform.twitter.com www.oxforddnb.com
platform.twitter.com
syndication.twitter.com
8 cdn.jsdelivr.net www.oxforddnb.com
cdn.jsdelivr.net
3 syndication.twitter.com platform.twitter.com
syndication.twitter.com
3 gab.cookie.oup.com www.oxforddnb.com
2 apm.oupprodelk.pubfactory.com prod-apm-public-files.s3.amazonaws.com
2 www.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
prod-apm-public-files.s3.amazonaws.com
2 www.googletagmanager.com www.oxforddnb.com
www.googletagmanager.com
2 fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com
2 fonts.googleapis.com www.oxforddnb.com
2 ouptag.scholarlyiq.com www.oxforddnb.com
1 region1.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
1 prod-apm-public-files.s3.amazonaws.com www.oxforddnb.com
117 13

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
academic.oup.com
shibboleth2sp.sams.oup.com
www.oup.com
global.oup.com
Subject Issuer Validity Valid
oxfordreference.com
DigiCert TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1
2023-04-27 -
2024-03-20
a year crt.sh
sni.cloudflaressl.com
Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
2023-05-02 -
2024-05-01
a year crt.sh
*.cookie.oup.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M02
2023-02-15 -
2024-03-15
a year crt.sh
*.twimg.com
DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1
2023-07-28 -
2024-07-26
a year crt.sh
*.scholarlyiq.com
Go Daddy Secure Certificate Authority - G2
2023-07-18 -
2024-08-18
a year crt.sh
*.s3.amazonaws.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M01
2023-03-21 -
2023-12-19
9 months crt.sh
upload.video.google.com
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh
*.gstatic.com
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh
*.google-analytics.com
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh
syndication.twitter.com
DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1
2023-09-02 -
2024-09-01
a year crt.sh
oupprodelk.pubfactory.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M02
2023-05-08 -
2024-06-05
a year crt.sh

This page contains 3 frames:

Primary Page: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Frame ID: 318D366EF6AC62253F376CA3CFDEF868
Requests: 97 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe.2b2d73daf636805223fb11d48f3e94f7.html?origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com
Frame ID: 46FB1C3798635B62444CFB163E259AD2
Requests: 2 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
Frame ID: F5380C83199E2DA0868F54A128659A3D
Requests: 17 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot

Page Title

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Detected technologies

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • ([\d.]+)?/mathjax\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • bootstrap(?:[^>]*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)[^>]*?(?:\.min)?\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • (?:prototype|protoaculous)(?:-([\d.]*[\d]))?.*\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • require.*\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • <link[^>]* href=[^>]+(?:([\d.]+)/)?(?:css/)?font-awesome(?:\.min)?\.css
  • <link[^>]* href=[^>]*?(?:F|f)o(?:n|r)t-?(?:A|a)wesome(?:[^>]*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)
  • (?:F|f)o(?:n|r)t-?(?:A|a)wesome(?:.*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • google-analytics\.com/(?:ga|urchin|analytics)\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • googletagmanager\.com/ns\.html[^>]+></iframe>
  • <!-- (?:End )?Google Tag Manager -->
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtm\.js
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtag/js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • lightbox(?:-plus-jquery)?.{0,32}\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • ([\d.]+)?/modernizr(?:\.([\d.]+))?.*\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • //platform\.twitter\.com/widgets\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • underscore.*\.js(?:\?ver=([\d.]+))?

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery.*\.js(?:\?ver(?:sion)?=([\d.]+))?

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery-ui.*\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • //cdn\.jsdelivr\.net/

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • /(?:scriptaculous|protoaculous)(?:\.js|/)

Page Statistics

117
Requests

97 %
HTTPS

62 %
IPv6

11
Domains

13
Subdomains

13
IPs

3
Countries

2149 kB
Transfer

6656 kB
Size

8
Cookies

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 55
  • https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/images/odnb-logo.svg HTTP 302
  • https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b/images/odnb-logo.svg
Request Chain 56
  • https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/assets/iconSearch.svg HTTP 302
  • https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b/assets/iconSearch.svg
Request Chain 58
  • https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/assets/oup-logo-responsive.svg HTTP 302
  • https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b/assets/oup-logo-responsive.svg

117 HTTP transactions

Resource
Path
Size
x-fer
Type
MIME-Type
Primary Request /
www.oxforddnb.com/
44 KB
12 KB
Document
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
a61d4e51aac7c514ff3a728d8e028467e5f3d739671f1645a29beb5fa450e13f
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests
1
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36
accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9

Response headers

content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
content-type
text/html;charset=UTF-8
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:05 GMT
transfer-encoding
chunked
x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
MathJax.js
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/
62 KB
20 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/MathJax.js?config=default
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700::6810:5614 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
0d588838c61dc2533f6b1aa81833de5327f4bab2e81cc3784000812b2079f14c
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
age
28376
x-jsd-version
2.7.9
content-encoding
br
x-cache
HIT, HIT
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-served-by
cache-fra-eddf8230043-FRA, cache-yyz4558-YYZ
x-jsd-version-type
version
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"f80b-4dJ0JR+33crHWTTSWsqi3YUP33c"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=eE3DG9AO82OXpGrYzNM7DCtTg%2FuWMvbgucMA5ayRBWvss%2BTrNxkG0QwxCCYutl%2BKQsEvePlLqmUbpwF52USWr7vES7XwgkIswhKjBhxQJCusoB1%2BlWm059L5YJEsTzlS4m7O0CVv98SwPiqp%2Bs4%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
access-control-expose-headers
*
cache-control
public, max-age=604800, s-maxage=43200
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
8027dabb7cb023c0-LHR
normalize.css
www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b/css/
5 KB
2 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b/css/normalize.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
5026316a074d492c7a478a739b86b7c5af5cae61ca2b492f933a5f9e954dc414
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Thu, 17 Aug 2023 09:25:01 EDT
etag
a26f0bcd222790f3e586b60258e45ce6
transfer-encoding
chunked
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
expires
Thu, 05 Sep 2024 08:15:25 GMT
style.css
www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/css/
513 KB
85 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/css/style.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
deeeef1db9c2ebb6ee45ecfb0c341329d870d40222ed52e4673fd8be6e34eec9
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Thu, 17 Aug 2023 13:25:01 UTC
etag
f48e0c9605e93ea0d386b3f67bea5ed7
transfer-encoding
chunked
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
expires
Thu, 05 Sep 2024 15:48:07 GMT
oup-cxs.css
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/css/zf3d81ad9/
1 KB
943 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/css/zf3d81ad9/oup-cxs.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
4ba61569a37e4fe1f101a7dec1e9a155ab8ee1a15006d1fe7070b462b649dfed
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"f3d81ad9"
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
content-length
562
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
cxs-reset.css
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/baseskin/z868d4a2f/css/
3 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/baseskin/z868d4a2f/css/cxs-reset.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
aafa60d808483a855b0d669b5ab264d1479eb342e4a7c8d9f9a553d5df6f6b36
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"868d4a2f"
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
content-length
658
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
cxs.css
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/baseskin/z2fb7dce7/css/
3 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/baseskin/z2fb7dce7/css/cxs.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
18ae4e9711df6d70f87f8c9e2f4c36ba69efbd5d7242715eaf7df5bdac44f9ba
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"2fb7dce7"
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
content-length
969
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
mystuff.css
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/oup/zfbfd8e0f/css/
4 KB
2 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/oup/zfbfd8e0f/css/mystuff.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
dfa1d6f524dbec6a49ee2d6e901bd6a785fcc21c96ab54ac76724da261979b52
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
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date
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content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
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oup-content.css
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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Protocol
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Security
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accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
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Protocol
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Security
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"a34738ba"
content-type
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content-length
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font-awesome.css
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Stylesheet
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Full URL
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Protocol
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
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content-type
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cache-control
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expires
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Stylesheet
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Full URL
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Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
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Server
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
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content-type
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cache-control
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
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Stylesheet
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Full URL
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Protocol
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Security
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
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content-type
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cache-control
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content-length
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
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www.oxforddnb.com/assets/css/zb721ef28/
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Stylesheet
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Full URL
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Protocol
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Security
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Request headers

accept-language
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
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content-type
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
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2 KB
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Stylesheet
General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
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Protocol
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
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content-type
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
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Stylesheet
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Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
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Security
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 06:46:56 GMT
Via
1.1 3199fed6c4260c9448326645d333530a.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
Last-Modified
Thu, 11 Apr 2013 10:08:01 GMT
Server
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X-Amz-Cf-Pop
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Age
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X-Cache
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3 KB
878 B
Stylesheet
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Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/oxford/z8afeb2e/components/module/OdoPopupWidgetModule.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
"8afeb2e"
content-type
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cache-control
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content-length
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
ResourceSelector.css
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/oxford/z41888ac9/components/
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Stylesheet
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Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/oxford/z41888ac9/components/ResourceSelector.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
"41888ac9"
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
content-length
282
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
default.css
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/applib/z99749d88/mixins/
3 KB
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Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/applib/z99749d88/mixins/default.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

accept-language
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Referer
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
"99749d88"
content-type
text/css;charset=utf-8
cache-control
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content-length
857
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
languageFonts.css
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Stylesheet
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Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
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Request headers

accept-language
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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transfer-encoding
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content-type
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cache-control
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expires
Thu, 05 Sep 2024 08:16:17 GMT
micromodal.min.js
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7 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/zaa95d746/micromodal.js/micromodal.min.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
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Security Headers
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
"aa95d746"
content-type
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content-length
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
shareLink.js
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3 KB
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Script
General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
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Request headers

accept-language
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Referer
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:06 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"96255596"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
712
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
lightbox.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z18c12957/js/lightbox/
10 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z18c12957/js/lightbox/lightbox.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
ed04e623c0f59c52b0ade7861dee413e03656cb73987826fbad72ae46aa3a725
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"18c12957"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
2685
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
LoginBox.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/js/z71e35edf/
3 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/js/z71e35edf/LoginBox.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
10a330cde95c16391c68d1f41a023c67c0823b5159acc9790ac818e90ac15a75
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"71e35edf"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
734
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
oupcookiepolicy.fancybox.js
gab.cookie.oup.com/aws-cookie/
54 KB
55 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://gab.cookie.oup.com/aws-cookie/oupcookiepolicy.fancybox.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
108.138.21.194 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-108-138-21-194.fra56.r.cloudfront.net
Software
AmazonS3 /
Resource Hash
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 21:33:49 GMT
Via
1.1 8dc3ccc34d68ee81173fff2a80f72bde.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
Last-Modified
Thu, 11 Apr 2013 10:08:02 GMT
Server
AmazonS3
X-Amz-Cf-Pop
FRA56-P7
Age
65659
ETag
"6f4474322cb8f1cc455a642919b991cd"
X-Cache
Hit from cloudfront
Content-Type
application/x-javascript
Connection
keep-alive
Accept-Ranges
bytes
Content-Length
55357
X-Amz-Cf-Id
OrjmVrLt7GWOJ0vEriQpEy4l4L85OHXTOKncXrA0jMBKlc3ti27Xsg==
oup.cookiepolicy.pack.js
gab.cookie.oup.com/aws-cookie/
27 KB
28 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://gab.cookie.oup.com/aws-cookie/oup.cookiepolicy.pack.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
108.138.21.194 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-108-138-21-194.fra56.r.cloudfront.net
Software
AmazonS3 /
Resource Hash
97d1a78b921a25bfb94505dc2a19553e4ffc448e05414dc683a948ea95cfde43

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 02:31:56 GMT
Via
1.1 3199fed6c4260c9448326645d333530a.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
Last-Modified
Wed, 20 Jun 2018 07:47:28 GMT
Server
AmazonS3
X-Amz-Cf-Pop
FRA56-P7
Age
47821
ETag
"fe126a48181bf52263658b289d6dab7c"
X-Cache
Hit from cloudfront
Content-Type
application/javascript
Connection
keep-alive
Accept-Ranges
bytes
Content-Length
27838
X-Amz-Cf-Id
ckV8c5BBabFFq_cZo1krXFFcbdShrhN47-vzzhKX4tQgAU3h1nxyGQ==
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www.oxforddnb.com/fileasset/
28 KB
29 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/fileasset/Meteren%2C%20Emanuel%20van-August-23-News.jpg
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
56a974709d1dc3d718ddfc0cf694b2c97ea9b5b7604b54d1cfd293c0fdab3412
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"a5fed6eb"
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
content-length
29095
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
widgets.js
platform.twitter.com/
91 KB
28 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:08 GMT
Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
113
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
CP="CAO DSP LAW CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa PSAa PSDa IVAa IVDa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT"
Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
27630
Last-Modified
Tue, 24 Jan 2023 21:41:51 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/6285)
Etag
"9e99725b7a4cd730a934afba2a438bb5+gzip"
Access-Control-Max-Age
3000
Access-Control-Allow-Methods
GET
Content-Type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*
x-tw-cdn
VZ
Cache-Control
public, max-age=1800
Vary
Accept-Encoding
oup-overrides.css
www.oxforddnb.com/fileasset/styles/
1 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/fileasset/styles/oup-overrides.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
bb04af70b50e209f38c83fbd309b7dd0941b84c8bf3dc34f01b5d36e733d948c
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"56055716"
content-type
text/css
cache-control
max-age=31536000,public,must-revalidate
content-length
1041
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
ntpagetag.js
ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/
8 KB
4 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2600:9000:2491:f000:c:b2bb:29c0:93a1 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
AmazonS3 /
Resource Hash
0499f8ffe2eae734689046d055e09d7a6a8f4556923f21037ce1ac1d293ca02c

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 20:18:13 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
via
1.1 f1a22cc8d842b0950e4bd5bda60806f2.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Mon, 02 May 2022 13:30:02 GMT
server
AmazonS3
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P7
age
70195
etag
W/"e444a0d4f213fd40eb810b44ad526985"
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
x-amz-cf-id
ejEFj2adVMi57GjhZS-XKpnT4zlTsdUIHaIE-wqYuTup5oo_QBN23g==
shareLinkEventListeners.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z7f586f90/js/dist/
380 B
564 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z7f586f90/js/dist/shareLinkEventListeners.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
d6c1128d56f3df0e3466e7331e97771e96d55a0a5aba9b4a3f2a3fa060c2dae8
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"7f586f90"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
232
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
myContentAndMySearches.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/zfb8a630e/js/dist/
14 KB
4 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/zfb8a630e/js/dist/myContentAndMySearches.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
958479915ed75c64220d5717298effe255fb62ff1b6554ecf5a31d8c8742b124
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"fb8a630e"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
3301
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
legacySkinMyContentAndMySearchesEventListeners.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/skins/zb1a64513/pubfactory/skin/js/
4 KB
1021 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/skins/zb1a64513/pubfactory/skin/js/legacySkinMyContentAndMySearchesEventListeners.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
4b0a7387dcf1500d8e309c7318a9600867c6c1180877e2c1ecc8d62171d5846f
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"b1a64513"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
689
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
oupapp-sync.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/js/za00ac3d0/
1 KB
749 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/js/za00ac3d0/oupapp-sync.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
96507ef04998c4ad4f5d39d7a279ac6be84233d182bea7362a882ea7b4486e30
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"a00ac3d0"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
417
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
personalizationDropDown.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/js/z16bce79a/
2 KB
810 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/js/z16bce79a/personalizationDropDown.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
10033bb95852846c9871039a1b9c1664977c447524f6398ed69bd647687511d9
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"16bce79a"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
478
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
require.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z569b5820/
85 KB
21 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z569b5820/require.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
b5a37efaf95b24db3faecff222d79797b37d319b769adedc54e7d877f0a85d7f
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"569b5820"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
21220
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
underscore-1.8.3.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z8f1eb79c/tapestry5/
52 KB
15 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z8f1eb79c/tapestry5/underscore-1.8.3.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
4b328e42c558197d5b99d7727cfcc60bac9763fad660651230e8baf93f6067ed
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"8f1eb79c"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
14831
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
prototype.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z48b58321/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/
195 KB
45 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z48b58321/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/prototype.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
4449265edb6b39d65017149d01aeeb1f79d6e11ed313cbc2bf097ef14fbbed3d
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"48b58321"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
46054
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
scriptaculous.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z4346aae9/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/
3 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z4346aae9/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/scriptaculous.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"4346aae9"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
1361
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
effects.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/zca7ee6c7/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/
38 KB
9 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/zca7ee6c7/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/effects.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"ca7ee6c7"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
8722
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
t53-compatibility.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/zd746764f/tapestry5/
2 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/zd746764f/tapestry5/t53-compatibility.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"d746764f"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
780
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
jquery.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z8c546d97/tapestry5/
287 KB
86 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z8c546d97/tapestry5/jquery.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"8c546d97"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
87908
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
jquery-noconflict.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z7ce7dcdb/tapestry5/
746 B
799 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/meta/z7ce7dcdb/tapestry5/jquery-noconflict.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"7ce7dcdb"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
467
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
collapser.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z3151582c/js/dist/
6 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z3151582c/js/dist/collapser.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
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Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
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/
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"3151582c"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
2195
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
jquery-ui.min.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z5ec668da/jquery-ui/
248 KB
67 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z5ec668da/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.min.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"5ec668da"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
67796
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
configurable-layout.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/responsive/zcf43ee81/js/
21 KB
6 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/responsive/zcf43ee81/js/configurable-layout.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"cf43ee81"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
6077
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
slick-slider.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z2521f199/
40 KB
10 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z2521f199/slick-slider.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"2521f199"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
content-length
9739
expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
imageLazyLoader.js
www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z57b6128f/js/dist/
1 KB
915 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/shared/z57b6128f/js/dist/imageLazyLoader.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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etag
"57b6128f"
content-type
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content-length
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expires
Fri, 02 Sep 2033 09:50:59 GMT
default.js
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/config/
42 KB
11 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/config/default.js?V=2.7.9
Requested by
Host: cdn.jsdelivr.net
URL: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/MathJax.js?config=default
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
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age
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content-encoding
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x-cache
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cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-served-by
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x-jsd-version-type
version
server
cloudflare
etag
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vary
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content-type
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cache-control
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elastic-apm-rum.umd.js
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538 KB
118 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://prod-apm-public-files.s3.amazonaws.com/5.9.1/elastic-apm-rum.umd.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
52.218.108.122 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
AmazonS3 /
Resource Hash
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
Content-Encoding
gzip
x-amz-version-id
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Server
AmazonS3
x-amz-request-id
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css
fonts.googleapis.com/
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887 B
Stylesheet
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Full URL
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Requested by
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URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/css/style.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:82f::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
css
fonts.googleapis.com/
7 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:400,400italic,700,700italic
Requested by
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
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User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
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alt-svc
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x-xss-protection
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last-modified
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server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
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x-frame-options
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content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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timing-allow-origin
*
link
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expires
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print.css
www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/css/
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Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/skin/820eb96e7062f081fe98bc82b8a2bf587472cf8b-D2A907B2134E1CAA06E7C7F3E34F3707/css/print.css
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
/
Resource Hash
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Name Value
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Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
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General
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Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
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Protocol
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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Request headers

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Origin
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accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

date
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x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
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server
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report-to
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expires
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gtm.js
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
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cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
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server
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access-control-allow-origin
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cache-control
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access-control-allow-headers
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
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Server
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
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content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
expires
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transfer-encoding
chunked
content-type
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Redirect headers

location
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date
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content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
content-length
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x-ua-compatible
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Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:07 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
expires
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transfer-encoding
chunked
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Redirect headers

location
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date
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content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
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228 KB
228 KB
Image
General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
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Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
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Reverse DNS
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
IE=edge,chrome=1
date
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content-security-policy
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last-modified
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etag
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content-type
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cache-control
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content-length
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expires
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oup-logo-responsive.svg
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General
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Requested by
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Protocol
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Server
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Reverse DNS
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Request headers

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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
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date
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content-encoding
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expires
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transfer-encoding
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Redirect headers

location
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content-security-policy
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Protocol
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Security
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Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

Referer
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accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

date
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x-content-type-options
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server
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
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Security
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Server
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
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Request headers

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Response headers

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last-modified
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server
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Response headers

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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

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content-encoding
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last-modified
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content-encoding
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
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content-encoding
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Response headers

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content-encoding
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Response headers

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content-encoding
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Requested by
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URL: https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ECS (lhb/62A0) /
Resource Hash
eefd62bfe6d0ad2f3f2b7bddb8f2c46d7c8b6ed4897e3f9309968a58dc078753

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://syndication.twitter.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
Age
1767224
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
CP="CAO DSP LAW CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa PSAa PSDa IVAa IVDa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT"
Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
90
Last-Modified
Mon, 14 Aug 2023 20:48:19 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/62A0)
Etag
"1d1fa0644a94523711b2bb99a8d652bc"
Access-Control-Allow-Methods
GET
Content-Type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*
x-tw-cdn
VZ
Cache-Control
public, max-age=315360000
Accept-Ranges
bytes
_app-de607716f6c37dff4b26.js
platform.twitter.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/ Frame F538
1 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://platform.twitter.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-de607716f6c37dff4b26.js
Requested by
Host: syndication.twitter.com
URL: https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=eyJ0ZndfdGltZWxpbmVfbGlzdCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOltdLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2ZvbGxvd2VyX2NvdW50X3N1bnNldCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOnRydWUsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdHdlZXRfZWRpdF9iYWNrZW5kIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6Im9uIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH0sInRmd19yZWZzcmNfc2Vzc2lvbiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfZm9zbnJfc29mdF9pbnRlcnZlbnRpb25zX2VuYWJsZWQiOnsiYnVja2V0Ijoib24iLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X21peGVkX21lZGlhXzE1ODk3Ijp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6InRyZWF0bWVudCIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3Nob3dfYmlyZHdhdGNoX3Bpdm90c19lbmFibGVkIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6Im9uIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH0sInRmd19kdXBsaWNhdGVfc2NyaWJlc190b19zZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdXNlX3Byb2ZpbGVfaW1hZ2Vfc2hhcGVfZW5hYmxlZCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdmlkZW9faGxzX2R5bmFtaWNfbWFuaWZlc3RzXzE1MDgyIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6InRydWVfYml0cmF0ZSIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfbGVnYWN5X3RpbWVsaW5lX3N1bnNldCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOnRydWUsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdHdlZXRfZWRpdF9mcm9udGVuZCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9fQ%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ECS (lhb/6321) /
Resource Hash
729cfa84928e7a87a4a4551df25c1406da86af8f0ebd2f579460546d11722326

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://syndication.twitter.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767224
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
CP="CAO DSP LAW CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa PSAa PSDa IVAa IVDa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT"
Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
668
Last-Modified
Mon, 14 Aug 2023 20:48:19 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/6321)
Etag
"2856f57c62c238a564ef576bbc50ca4a+gzip"
Vary
Accept-Encoding
Access-Control-Allow-Methods
GET
Content-Type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*
x-tw-cdn
VZ
Cache-Control
public, max-age=315360000
%5BscreenName%5D-c33f0b02841cffc3e9b4.js
platform.twitter.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/timeline-profile/screen-name/ Frame F538
13 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://platform.twitter.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/timeline-profile/screen-name/%5BscreenName%5D-c33f0b02841cffc3e9b4.js
Requested by
Host: syndication.twitter.com
URL: https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ECS (lhb/63A7) /
Resource Hash
bd18e405cbfb6fb5c27224b38e792c8b6542d9b7eae37aa5883808b69392dcef

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://syndication.twitter.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767224
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
CP="CAO DSP LAW CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa PSAa PSDa IVAa IVDa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT"
Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
1290
Last-Modified
Mon, 14 Aug 2023 20:48:19 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/63A7)
Etag
"e78034c651c8a81b2acd83dc7e7ad407+gzip"
Vary
Accept-Encoding
Access-Control-Allow-Methods
GET
Content-Type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*
x-tw-cdn
VZ
Cache-Control
public, max-age=315360000
_buildManifest.js
platform.twitter.com/_next/static/PoFtMrC2EnsQdaS_5zY_p/ Frame F538
1 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://platform.twitter.com/_next/static/PoFtMrC2EnsQdaS_5zY_p/_buildManifest.js
Requested by
Host: syndication.twitter.com
URL: https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ECS (lhb/6342) /
Resource Hash
7a4a63c52bdfab0ab459b1b77dad4a4ce4e1f7dfdfdba0b2013ba32f0690e15f

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://syndication.twitter.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767224
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
CP="CAO DSP LAW CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa PSAa PSDa IVAa IVDa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT"
Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
451
Last-Modified
Mon, 14 Aug 2023 20:48:19 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/6342)
Etag
"bd9a3afe8a64146469f036be13628170+gzip"
Vary
Accept-Encoding
Access-Control-Allow-Methods
GET
Content-Type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*
x-tw-cdn
VZ
Cache-Control
public, max-age=315360000
_ssgManifest.js
platform.twitter.com/_next/static/PoFtMrC2EnsQdaS_5zY_p/ Frame F538
76 B
670 B
Script
General
Full URL
https://platform.twitter.com/_next/static/PoFtMrC2EnsQdaS_5zY_p/_ssgManifest.js
Requested by
Host: syndication.twitter.com
URL: https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ECS (lhb/6392) /
Resource Hash
653f3e53e89b4f8548ff86c19e92bb3c6b84b6be7485a320b1e00893ed877479

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://syndication.twitter.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
Age
1767224
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
CP="CAO DSP LAW CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa PSAa PSDa IVAa IVDa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT"
Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
76
Last-Modified
Mon, 14 Aug 2023 20:48:19 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/6392)
Etag
"abee47769bf307639ace4945f9cfd4ff"
Access-Control-Allow-Methods
GET
Content-Type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*
x-tw-cdn
VZ
Cache-Control
public, max-age=315360000
Accept-Ranges
bytes
oupapp.js
www.oxforddnb.com/modules.gz/oxford-common/
20 KB
5 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.oxforddnb.com/modules.gz/oxford-common/oupapp.js
Requested by
Host: www.oxforddnb.com
URL: https://www.oxforddnb.com/assets/vendor/z569b5820/require.js
Protocol
HTTP/1.1
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
34.254.7.226 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-34-254-7-226.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
/
Resource Hash
46cff3707a4c037cac10471ba470a465887064dbec9d6d90621fba139dcd09d3
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://www.oxforddnb.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:09 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
frame-ancestors 'self'
last-modified
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 09:50:59 GMT
etag
"7abe19cb"
content-type
text/javascript;charset=utf-8
cache-control
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General
Full URL
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Protocol
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Request headers

accept-language
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Response headers

x-ua-compatible
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date
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content-encoding
gzip
content-security-policy
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expires
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transfer-encoding
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Request headers

accept-language
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Response headers

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Content-Encoding
gzip
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x-amz-server-side-encryption
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HIT
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Server-Timing
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Server
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Etag
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Vary
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Request headers

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Response headers

Date
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Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767225
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
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Server
ECS (lhb/630A)
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Accept-Encoding
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VZ
Cache-Control
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TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
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Request headers

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accept-language
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Content-Type
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Response headers

access-control-allow-origin
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date
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x-content-type-options
nosniff
content-length
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events
apm.oupprodelk.pubfactory.com/intake/v2/rum/ Frame
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General
Full URL
https://apm.oupprodelk.pubfactory.com/intake/v2/rum/events
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
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Reverse DNS
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Software
/
Resource Hash
Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

Accept
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Access-Control-Request-Method
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cors
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Response headers

access-control-allow-headers
header1, header2, Content-Type, Content-Encoding, Accept
access-control-allow-methods
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access-control-allow-origin
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access-control-expose-headers
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vary
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238 KB
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General
Full URL
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Protocol
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TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

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User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
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Content-Encoding
gzip
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1767225
x-amz-server-side-encryption
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X-Cache
HIT
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
75774
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Server
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Vary
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General
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
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Reverse DNS
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Request headers

accept-language
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Response headers

Date
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Content-Encoding
gzip
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x-amz-server-side-encryption
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HIT
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
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65924
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Server
ECS (lhb/63BC)
Etag
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160 KB
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General
Full URL
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2606:2800:234:59:254c:406:2366:268c , United States, ASN15133 (EDGECAST, US),
Reverse DNS
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
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Content-Encoding
gzip
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1767225
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
49000
Last-Modified
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Server
ECS (lhb/636D)
Etag
"4574603d310e9c27c0539972b1014ddc+gzip"
Vary
Accept-Encoding
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Cache-Control
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655 KB
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
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Reverse DNS
Software
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
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Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767225
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
164348
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Server
ECS (lhb/6370)
Etag
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Vary
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General
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Protocol
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Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
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Reverse DNS
Software
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
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Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767225
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
1276
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Server
ECS (lhb/62B2)
Etag
"0e9ca787dfdcbf5ffeb7df678ec8f6df+gzip"
Vary
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7 KB
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General
Full URL
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Protocol
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Security
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Server
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Reverse DNS
Software
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

accept-language
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User-Agent
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Response headers

Date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:10 GMT
Content-Encoding
gzip
Age
1767224
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
X-Cache
HIT
P3P
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Server-Timing
x-cache;desc= HIT,x-tw-cdn;desc=VZ
Content-Length
2822
Last-Modified
Mon, 14 Aug 2023 20:48:19 GMT
Server
ECS (lhb/63D8)
Etag
"ee85bb78f0eb1080fd5fc8c4d4cddbb8+gzip"
Vary
Accept-Encoding
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*
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Cache-Control
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syndication.twitter.com/i/ Frame F538
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150 B
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: syndication.twitter.com
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H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Strict-Transport-Security max-age=631138519

Request headers

accept-language
en-GB,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/odnb?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=eyJ0ZndfdGltZWxpbmVfbGlzdCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOltdLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2ZvbGxvd2VyX2NvdW50X3N1bnNldCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOnRydWUsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdHdlZXRfZWRpdF9iYWNrZW5kIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6Im9uIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH0sInRmd19yZWZzcmNfc2Vzc2lvbiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfZm9zbnJfc29mdF9pbnRlcnZlbnRpb25zX2VuYWJsZWQiOnsiYnVja2V0Ijoib24iLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X21peGVkX21lZGlhXzE1ODk3Ijp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6InRyZWF0bWVudCIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3Nob3dfYmlyZHdhdGNoX3Bpdm90c19lbmFibGVkIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6Im9uIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH0sInRmd19kdXBsaWNhdGVfc2NyaWJlc190b19zZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdXNlX3Byb2ZpbGVfaW1hZ2Vfc2hhcGVfZW5hYmxlZCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdmlkZW9faGxzX2R5bmFtaWNfbWFuaWZlc3RzXzE1MDgyIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6InRydWVfYml0cmF0ZSIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfbGVnYWN5X3RpbWVsaW5lX3N1bnNldCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOnRydWUsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdHdlZXRfZWRpdF9mcm9udGVuZCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9fQ%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=true&hideHeader=true&hideScrollBar=false&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2F&sessionId=aa42db5888598dfea426bde00548d72219e8edf6&showHeader=false&showReplies=false&theme=light&transparent=true&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.179 Safari/537.36

Response headers

x-response-time
106
date
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:10 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=631138519
last-modified
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 15:48:10 GMT
server
tsa_f
vary
Origin
content-type
image/gif
x-transaction-id
c323b0567b7bc973
cache-control
must-revalidate, max-age=600
perf
7626143928
x-connection-hash
ad37ab7622e2a8bec09f97c9f3f07300a5fc7680875e617cdc77a2143f9fa090
content-length
43

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

259 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

object| 0 object| 1 object| 2 object| documentPictureInPicture object| dataLayer function| runOnDomLoaded object| MathJax object| Modernizr object| html5 function| yepnope object| respond string| gAppName string| gSiteIdentifier string| gCxsBasePath string| gCurrentPagePath object| MicroModal function| copyShareableLink function| copyShareableLinkFromKeyDown string| LOADING_CONTENT string| OPEN_CLASS function| showNewLightbox function| crateIframeEl function| showLightbox function| showExistingDataAsLightbox function| createLightbox function| processCloseButtonKeyDown function| closeLightboxFromOutsideModal function| preventScrollingFromOutsideModal function| restoreScrollingFromOutsideModal function| restoreScrolling function| closeLightbox function| closeLightboxAndReload function| closeLightboxAndReturnFalse function| returnToCloseButton function| disableTab function| setFocus function| validate_required function| validate_libcard_form function| validate_form function| expandSignInControls function| expandSignInControlsOnKeyDown string| oupcookiepolicy_siteid string| oupcookiepolicy_messagetype string| oupcookiepolicy_preferredlanguage string| oupcookiepolicy_impliedmessageclass string| oupcookiepolicy_documentroot undefined| _cookiepolicyfancybox string| domain string| cookieWsUrl string| cookiePolicyUrl string| version string| cookieDate string| preferredLanguage string| cookieName string| databaseVersion boolean| cookieOlderThanSpecificDays string| ie6Message undefined| _cookiepolicy function| writeTheElements function| getTheCookie function| metaKeywords function| constructDateString function| checkForAlertMessage function| getAlertMessage function| createCORSRequest function| generateAlertMessage function| cookiePolicy function| saveCookie function| closeImplied function| htmlDecode function| isEmpty function| HTML2Numerical undefined| arr1 undefined| arr2 function| swapArrayVals function| FindNewLangWithCountryCode string| accountJsession string| NTPT_PGEXTRA function| require object| copyButtons number| copyButtonsSize function| getSiteNameFromBody function| saveRecentlyViewedSearch function| qsa function| initializeRecentlyViewedSearches function| pickItem function| hasItem function| saveRecentlyViewedEntry function| initializeRecentlyViewedEntries function| reverseAriaExpanded function| setAriaExpandedToFalse object| myEntriesLink object| mySearchesLink undefined| focusableChildren undefined| focusableChildrenSize function| addAutoSubmitToSelect object| pageSizeForm object| sizeSelect object| pageSizeFormZero object| sizeSelectZero object| sortControlForm object| sortSelect object| sortControlFormZero object| sortSelectZero object| personalizationLink object| personalizationDropdown object| personalizationLinkSignOut function| requirejs function| define function| _ object| Prototype object| Class function| PeriodicalExecuter function| Template object| $break object| Enumerable function| $A function| $w function| $H function| Hash function| $R function| ObjectRange object| Abstract object| Try object| Ajax object| Form object| Field function| $F object| Toggle object| Insertion object| $continue object| Position function| $ function| $$ undefined| Sizzle function| Selector boolean| hasMathjax boolean| mathjaxComplete object| __twttrll object| twttr object| __twttr object| Scriptaculous object| Effect function| jQuery string| NTPT_IMGSRC object| NTPT_FLDS number| NTPT_MAXTAGWAIT string| NTPT_HTTPSIMGSRC string| NTPT_GLBLEXTRA boolean| NTPT_GLBLREFTOP object| NTPT_GLBLCOOKIES function| ntptAddPair function| ntptDropPair function| ntptEventTag function| ntptLinkTag function| ntptSubmitTag object| elasticApm object| elastic-apm-rum object| google_tag_manager object| google_tag_data object| T5 object| Tapestry string| GoogleAnalyticsObject function| ga function| initAccordion function| isInViewport function| loadLazyImage function| lazyLoadImagesNearViewPort function| setDomLoaded function| onYouTubeIframeAPIReady object| gaGlobal object| gaplugins object| gaData object| t5console object| OdoPopupWidget function| setupOdoPopupWidget object| Cookie object| Arachne function| updated function| started object| jaaulde function| Bloodhound function| checkContentHeight string| originalSelectLabel function| imgLoaded function| setupSnippetNav function| hideTaxonomyNav function| showTaxonomyNav function| toggleSharingNav function| addAbstractAndKeywordsPlusHandler function| showHideFullAbstractAndKeywords function| addFrontMatterCollapse function| toggleFrontMatterCollapse function| toggleTailMatterCollapse function| addBookFrontMatterCollapse function| toggleBookFrontMatterCollapse function| toggleBookTailMatterCollapse function| toggleBookEssayCollapse function| setSpecialMenu function| addSpecializeSubMenuHandlers function| clickOnSubChoices function| updateSelectLabel function| appendSelectedCategory function| initSpecialMenuView function| processSpecialMenuItem function| showSpecialSubMenu function| showTaxonomyFilter function| showAbstractPopup function| showAbstractPopupSrc object| linkToFocusOnClose object| currentCloseLink object| currentLastLink object| popupOptions function| Popup function| updateSpecializeCheckboxOnServer function| updateSearchBySpecializationOnServer function| getHeight function| doBookToggle object| jQuery112105786868369784182 object| PF function| CookieJar function| JFeed function| JFeedItem function| JAtom function| JRss function| popoutElement function| popoutContent function| popoutLinks object| events function| $j function| fakeValue function| toggleImageCheckbox function| selectHomepageTab function| createHelpIndex function| Panel function| FilterNav function| popoutElement2 function| tableNote function| switchQuicksearch object| paywallBTN undefined| closeBtn function| handleExportFigureAsPPTClick function| getPresentationRequestBody function| getPresentationFileName function| exportFigureAsPPTClick object| fastdom function| Splide function| Color function| Chart boolean| Iscombinedloaded function| fireEvent function| openFindThisResourceHead function| resetExpandYourSearchForm function| processToggle function| processTocToggle function| processCollapsibleClassToggle object| $oupapp function| bindEvents function| cxsRefreshed

8 Cookies

Domain/Path Name / Value
www.oxforddnb.com/ Name: JSESSIONID
Value: 214A5DC213BA42C8A058A9CC80E68A0C
www.oxforddnb.com/ Name: ServerID
Value: orr-web-live-static3
www.oxforddnb.com/ Name: SaneID
Value: 5I8VtX2Xf8I-dzFxf0G
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Value: GS1.1.1694015289.1.0.1694015289.0.0.0
.oxforddnb.com/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.2.1195915134.1694015289
.oxforddnb.com/ Name: _gid
Value: GA1.2.202626588.1694015289
.oxforddnb.com/ Name: _gat_UA-78288099-8
Value: 1
www.oxforddnb.com/ Name: appdata
Value: {}

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header Value
Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors 'self'

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

apm.oupprodelk.pubfactory.com
cdn.jsdelivr.net
fonts.googleapis.com
fonts.gstatic.com
gab.cookie.oup.com
ouptag.scholarlyiq.com
platform.twitter.com
prod-apm-public-files.s3.amazonaws.com
region1.google-analytics.com
syndication.twitter.com
www.google-analytics.com
www.googletagmanager.com
www.oxforddnb.com
104.244.42.136
108.138.21.194
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34.254.7.226
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