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White Cross Rubber Products > Our Technical Capabilities > Selecting Base
Materials > Which Elastomer Offers The Best Abrasion Resistance?


WHICH ELASTOMER OFFERS THE BEST ABRASION RESISTANCE?

When choosing the right base elastomer for use for any particular application,
one of the primary considerations for many dynamic applications is the abrasion
resistance; the ability to resist mechanical actions such as rubbing, scraping
or erosion which removes material from the surface.

An abrasion resistant elastomer is able to withstand these types of mechanical
wear and the property must be considered in instances where both moving and
fixed components will be in constant or frequent contact with another material
and be exposed to the aforementioned actions, specifically when the form of a
component or product is essential for optimal functionality.

When identifying the most suitable rubber for use in a component or product
based upon its abrasion resistance, it is important to consider the various
options available and select the optimal elastomer based upon the end-use
requirements.

In many instances, rubber as a material is able to absorb and survive a single
instance of deformation, however when used in the manufacture of components
which are exposed to mechanical actions, a process of micro-tearing can occur on
the surface, gradually removing the material and resulting in eventual failure
of the rubber, with abrasive wear often cited as a common cause of failure in a
component or product.

Whilst many materials are made smooth by repeated manual actions, either through
friction or abrasion with materials harder than themselves, with rubber, this
process rarely occurs with other rubbers, apart from those which are grossly
dissimilar. When the smooth surface of an elastomer is abraded over time, ridged
patterns occur. Regardless of the end component, from tyres through to gaskets;
such patterns occur as a result of abrasion in all applications.

There are, however, a number of elastomers which are naturally more durable than
their counterparts, making them ideal for use in instances in which abrasion
resistance is desirable.

Primarily utilising a range of 12 different elastomers for the manufacture of
rubber sheeting, reinforced rubber sheeting and rubber coated textiles, our
technicians are on hand to help inform decisions and to help make the research
stage that little bit more straightforward.

Below you’ll find a comparison of our 12 most commonly utilised elastomers based
upon their abrasion resistance properties rated ‘poor’ to ‘excellent.’

Please note: Whilst most main rubbers are outlined below, our capabilities and
experience allow us to manufacture a much wider range of blends and
formulations. The inherent characteristics of a polymer can be improved through
the inclusion of additives, including the abrasion resistance.

Elastomer Abrasion Resistance Nitrile Excellent Polyurethane Excellent SBR
Excellent Thermoplastic Elastomer Good / Excellent Natural Rubber Good /
Excellent Butyl Good Hypalon Good Neoprene Good Vamac Good Viton Good EPDM Fair
Silicone Fair

For the best mechanical strength, the options from the above are clearly
Nitrile, Polyurethane and SBR and, in general, are regarded as the best options
when abrasion resistance is required as the key property of a rubber component.

Nitrile is commonly used in applications requiring oil and solvent resistance,
with a major market being the automotive industry, with major end uses including
hoses, fuel lines, O-rings, gaskets and seals and the excellent abrasion
resistant properties of the elastomer increase its suitability in these areas.

SBR, another elastomer with abrasion resistance rated as excellent, was
originally developed as a general purpose elastomer and it still retains this
distinction and is considered the most widely used and versatile, most commonly
blended in the production of car tyres as well as a range of mechanical goods.

Any rubber compound whether it has abrasion resistant characteristics or not can
be improved through the inclusion of additives and reinforcing fillers. Such
ingredients can improve most compounds ability to withstand abrasive forces when
effectively incorporated into the rubber matrix. Care needs to be taken when
including abrasion resistant fillers and additives that other desirable
properties are not sacrificed.

In many cases, the choice of base material must be a compromise of sorts with a
number of different factors coming into play, both related and unrelated to the
abrasion resistance of an elastomer, not forgetting the economics of a
particular situation. By understanding the properties of each of the 12 base
materials which we utilise in most instances, in relation to the specifications
of an end-product, however, the options become far clearer.

Should you be looking for further information relating the abrasion resistance
of any number of our main elastomers or wish to discuss a potential project
which you are working on, we encourage you to give our technicians a call on
01524 585200 where we will be only more than happy offer guidance and
assistance.

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