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ZERO-DAY IN SALESFORCE EMAIL SERVICES EXPLOITED IN TARGETED FACEBOOK PHISHING
CAMPAIGN

August 2, 2023  By Pierluigi Paganini




EXPERTS SPOTTED A SPEAR-PHISHING FACEBOOK CAMPAIGN EXPLOITING A ZERO-DAY
VULNERABILITY IN SALESFORCE EMAIL SERVICES.

Researchers from Guardio Labs uncovered a sophisticated phishing campaign
exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in Salesforce email services and SMTP
servers.

The phishing campaigns are able to evade conventional detection methods by
chaining the Salesforce vulnerability and legacy quirks in Facebook’s web games
platform. 


00:00/00:00


Threat actors were able to craft spear phishing messages posing as sent by Meta
and using the Salesforce domain (“@salesforce.com”) and infrastructure.

The messages aim at tricking recipients into clicking on a link, the content
claims that the recipient’s Facebook account is undergoing an investigation due
to “suspicions of engaging in impersonation.”

The phishing email is well formed, in an attempt to appear as a legitimate
message, it mentioned the target’s real name and seems to be mailed from “Meta
Platforms”.





Upon clicking on the link, the recipient is directed to a malicious landing page
that is crafted to capture the victim’s Facebook account credentials and
two-factor authentication (2FA) codes.

This attack scheme outstands because the page is hosted as a game under the
Facebook apps platform using the domain apps.facebook.com. Threat actors used
this trick to trick the victim into believing that this “Meta Support” page is
an actual part of your real Facebook account (although the sharp-eyed will note
that this was supposed to be a “Football Manager” game of some kind).



“So it’s a no-brainer why we’ve seen this email slipping through traditional
anti-spam and anti-phishing mechanisms. It includes legit links
(to facebook.com) and is sent from a legit email address of @salesforce.com, one
of the worlds leading CRM providers.” reads the analysis published by Guardio
Labs researchers.

The Email Gateway component of the Salesforce CRM system allows to send a large
volume of email notifications and various messages to customers. The Salesforces
system validates the ownership of the domain name for each email that is sent.
This check only allow to send emails as the brand by the authentic brand owner.

However, looking at the header of the messages sent as part of this campaign,
the experts noticed that the sender is indeed a salesforce.com domain user of
some kind, sending the email from the SMTP gateway used for mass-emailing.

Further analysis revealed that the domain of the ‘From’ address field is
actually built of a sub-domain generated per a specific Salesforce account using
the “case” magic word:

21gjt96n3uz6hgxytsmo0tf72hqyt6wg3ifrbql7e7k1xfd9df.8e-sefdea4.um9.case.salesforce.com

“We realized this address is actually user controlled under the “Email-To-Case”
feature of Salesforce, used to automatically convert customer inbound emails
into actionable tickets in the Salesforce system itself” continues the experts.

The experts created a new Organization-Wide Email Address entity using the newly
generated salesforce.com address triggering the verification flow that sends the
email to this routing address, ending up as a new task in the researchers’
system. Using this attack vector, a salesforce.com email address can be verified
simply by clicking on the link included in the request resulting in the
registration of the attacker’s address.

“From here you just go on and create any kind of phishing scheme, even targeting
Salesforce customers directly with these kinds of emails. And the above will end
up in the victim’s inbox, bypassing anti-spam and anti-phishing mechanisms, and
even marked as Important by Google.” concludes the experts.

Guardio researchers responsible disclosed the issue to Salesforce on June 28,
2023, and the company addressed the zero-day in July 28, 2023.

Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs Facebook and Mastodon

Pierluigi Paganini

(SecurityAffairs – hacking, Salesforce)




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PIERLUIGI PAGANINI

Pierluigi Paganini is member of the ENISA (European Union Agency for Network and
Information Security) Threat Landscape Stakeholder Group and Cyber G7 Group, he
is also a Security Evangelist, Security Analyst and Freelance Writer.
Editor-in-Chief at "Cyber Defense Magazine", Pierluigi is a cyber security
expert with over 20 years experience in the field, he is Certified Ethical
Hacker at EC Council in London. The passion for writing and a strong belief that
security is founded on sharing and awareness led Pierluigi to find the security
blog "Security Affairs" recently named a Top National Security Resource for US.
Pierluigi is a member of the "The Hacker News" team and he is a writer for some
major publications in the field such as Cyber War Zone, ICTTF, Infosec Island,
Infosec Institute, The Hacker News Magazine and for many other Security
magazines. Author of the Books "The Deep Dark Web" and “Digital Virtual Currency
and Bitcoin”.




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