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AI TURNS HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT INTO ‘HUMAN-WILDLIFE COEXISTENCE’ IN GB

Anadolu Agency Published October 23, 2024 Updated about 4 hours ago
   

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Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has reduced the human-wildlife conflict
in recent years, which was one of the key reasons for a gradual decline in the
population of endangered snow leopards in northern Pakistan.

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The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)-Pakistan installed AI-based trail cameras
in 2022 at strategic locations in Gilgit-Baltistan, home to the rare leopard
species, which has turned the human-wildlife conflict into “human-wildlife
coexistence.”

This recent technology has significantly reduced snow leopard (Panthera uncia)
attacks on livestock, a key factor behind human-leopard conflict, at the
targeted sites, the WWF said on the occasion of World Snow Leopard Day on
Wednesday.

The development coincided with the saving of a herd of about 60 elephants
crossing the railway tracks in northeastern Assam state of India last week
through AI.



The AI-based intrusion detection system (IDS) alerted the loco pilots of the
train about the herd of elephants crossing the tracks, propelling them to apply
the brakes.

In the past, several snow leopards have been killed by local communities in
retaliation for their attacks on the livestock.

In addition to this threat, poaching, illegal hunting, and habitat loss
resulting from adverse climate change impacts, also endanger the snow leopard
population across its habitat range in Central and South Asia, according to the
WWF.


AI AND SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

In collaboration with the Lahore University of Management Sciences, the WWF
developed and installed five AI-based camera traps at strategic locations where
snow leopard depredations were reported by the representatives of the local
communities.

These cameras detect the presence of snow leopards in the surroundings, transfer
the data to a centralised system and generate alerts for members of local
communities about the predator.

As a result, local communities safeguard their livestock either grazing in the
fields or being kept in the household. The technology has significantly reduced
the attacks of snow leopards on livestock turning human-snow leopard conflicts
into a symbiotic relationship.

Livestock depredation by snow leopards is a major cause of human-wildlife
conflict in various valleys in three landscapes such as Karakoram-Pamir, Hindu
Kush and Himalaya, Hammad Naqi Khan, director general WWF-Pakistan, said in a
statement.

This existential threat, he added, has undermined conservation efforts and
halted progress to achieve desired outcomes.

“The use of AI technology is vital not only for the protection of the endangered
snow leopard population, but it safeguards the livestock,” Khan maintained.

This has led to the improvement in the declining population of snow leopards and
has reduced the economic losses born by the livestock herders at the project
sites, Khan added, proposing that this technology could be replicated for other
wild species, which are threatened by human retaliation.


BALANCE BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

A WWF study released in April 2024 recommended that there is a need to strike a
balance between boosting infrastructure development and the conservation of
threatened wildlife such as snow leopards in the region.

The study pointed out that the linear infrastructure development, which cuts
through the landscape such as roads and railways, has fragmented the snow
leopard habitat.

It found that although linear infrastructure improves national and regional
economies, it restricts wildlife movement and poses threats to snow leopards and
their prey species such as ungulates.

Various studies indicate that the snow leopard is an elusive animal, hence it is
difficult to record its exact population in the distribution range across
Central and South Asia.

However, WWF research indicates that fewer than 7,000 snow leopards live in the
world, of which approximately 200 to 420 individuals inhabit Pakistan’s northern
mountain ranges, including GB, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

   



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