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ENGLISH


AMERICA’S BERLUSCONI

The final lesson of Berlusconi is that expressions of admiration for strongmen
like Russian President Vladimir Putin should be taken seriously

La administración Biden tiene la oportunidad de negociar la Asociación
Trasatlántica para el Comercio y la Inversión (TTIP) con la UE

Bill Emmott

5 de diciembre 2016

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LONDON – For the past couple of weeks, the world has been guessing at how US
President-elect Donald Trump will behave in office and what policies he will
pursue, following a long campaign full of contradictory statements. America’s
previous businessman-presidents – Warren G. Harding and Herbert Hoover – were
around too long ago to provide much guidance. There is, however, a recent
European precedent: Italy’s Silvio Berlusconi.

What Trump has achieved, Berlusconi pioneered. Like Trump, Berlusconi is a
businessman who made his first fortune in real estate. When he entered politics
in 1994, he was an outsider, albeit one who, also like Trump, had long been
close to plenty of insiders.

The similarities don’t end there. Both Trump and Berlusconi are intimately
familiar with the insides of courtrooms; Trump has moved fast since the election
to settle fraud lawsuits against Trump University, but has about 70 other suits
outstanding against him and his businesses. And both have an array of conflicts
of interest with their role as head of government, thanks to their large
business empires.

Berlusconi, like Trump, managed to present himself as a rich man and a populist.
He preferred to communicate directly with the people, bypassing traditional
media and party structures. His propensity for glamorous women and glitzy homes
somehow enhanced his popular appeal.




The comparison between Trump and Berlusconi is far from superficial. In fact,
Italy’s experience with Berlusconi – or il cavaliere (the knight), as he is
known in his country – provides six clear lessons for Americans and the world on
what to expect from Trump.

First, no one should underestimate the next US president. Already, Trump has
defied expectations; few expected him even to win the Republican primary. Yet
many observers continue to predict his imminent downfall, assuming that he will
last only four years in the White House, if he is not impeached before that.

Berlusconi’s experience tells a different story. Berlusconi, too, has been
consistently underestimated by his opponents. Commentators deemed him too
ignorant and inexperienced to last as prime minister, assuming that he would not
survive the cut and thrust of politics or the pressures of government.

Yet Berlusconi remains one of the kingpins of Italian politics. In the last 22
years, he has won three general elections and served as prime minister for nine
years. Every time journalists or intellectuals have tried to take him on in
public debate, they have lost. Trump’s critics – indeed, all US observers –
should keep that in mind.

The second lesson is that Trump will probably pursue what is essentially a
permanent political campaign, injecting himself directly into conversations.
Berlusconi has often used television, especially his own commercial channels, to
that end. Instead of giving interviews he cannot control, Berlusconi has often
worked with favored acolytes, or simply talked directly to the camera. Many a
political talk show has been interrupted by a phone call from the prime minister
demanding to have his say.

From Trump, we should expect not just a continued Twitter barrage, but also the
use of TV, including talk shows, and other channels to speak directly to the
people. Trump’s decision to release a two-and-a-half-minute YouTube video laying
out his priorities, in lieu of a press conference, reinforces this reading.
While the approach may not seem very presidential, it works, at least when
carried out by a master marketer who plays fast and loose with the facts.


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The third lesson from Berlusconi’s success is that even a very wealthy and
powerful person can wield the victim narrative effectively. Indeed, even while
in office, Berlusconi consistently claimed that he was being attacked by the
judiciary, by rival businessmen, by “communists,” by the political
establishment.

When the chips are down, expect Trump to do the same. Never mind that he is a
billionaire, born to a wealthy family, or that, in the next election, he will be
the incumbent. He will consistently portray himself as besieged by self-serving
enemies.

The fourth lesson is that mudslinging is bound to happen. Berlusconi’s used his
TV stations and newspapers so liberally to smear his opponents that the writer
Roberto Saviano called them his macchina del fango or “mud machine.”

Trump’s attacks on the media, often carried out via Twitter, are a precursor to
this, as are his campaign vows to “open up” libel laws. His chief mud-slinger is
likely to be his newly appointed chief strategist, Stephen Bannon, the former
chair of the ultra right-wing Breitbart News.

The fifth lesson is that Trump will probably continue to prize loyalty above all
else in his administration, just as Berlusconi has. Already, Trump has made his
three oldest children – who are supposed to run his business during his
presidency – key players in his campaign and transition.

Federal law may prohibit Trump from appointing his children to government posts,
but they will surely remain at the center of his decision-making. Already, his
daughter Ivanka Trump and her husband Jared Kushner attended Trump’s first
meeting with a head of government, Japan’s Shinzo Abe. Even Trump’s non-family
appointments – often controversial or radical figures who would not have a place
in any administration except Trump’s – reflect an emphasis on personal loyalty.

The final lesson of Berlusconi is that expressions of admiration for strongmen
like Russian President Vladimir Putin should be taken seriously. Narcissistic
lone rangers like Berlusconi and Trump are used to making personal deals, and
prefer other strongmen as their interlocutors. Berlusconi’s favorite overseas
visits while in office were to Putin’s dacha and former Libyan dictator Colonel
Muammar el-Qaddafi’s tent, not to boring European Council meetings or G20
summits.

In the end, however, there is one key difference between Silvio Berlusconi and
Donald Trump. Berlusconi had no real agenda while in office, except to further
his business and personal interests and nurture his own power by providing
resources and favors to his supporters. His greatest disservice to Italians was
his inaction in the face of economic stagnation, but at least he didn’t make it
worse. Trump, by contrast, does have an agenda, however hard to read. Whether it
will make things better or worse remains to be seen.

 

Bill Emmott is a former editor-in-chief of The Economist.

 

Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2016.
www.project-syndicate.org

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