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THE SPATIAL WEB AND WEB 3.0
by Allan V. Cook, Mike Bechtel, Siri Anderson, David R. Novak, Nicole Nodi, Jay
Parekh
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Article 22 minute read21 July 2020
THE SPATIAL WEB AND WEB 3.0 WHAT BUSINESS LEADERS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE NEXT ERA
OF COMPUTING
22 minute read 21 July 2020
* Allan V. Cook United States
* Mike Bechtel United States
* Siri Anderson United States
David R. Novak United States
Nicole Nodi United States
Jay Parekh India
* See more See more See less
* David R. Novak United States
* Nicole Nodi United States
* Jay Parekh India
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*
* Introduction
* Building the Spatial Web
* Getting from here to there: A path to the mature Spatial Web
* Recommendations: Where to begin for business leaders
As futuristic as it sounds, early-stage applications of the Spatial Web or Web
3.0 are already here. Now is the time for leaders to understand what this next
era of computing entails, how it could transform businesses, and how it can
create new value as it unfolds.
INTRODUCTION
The once-crisp line between our digital and physical worlds has already begun to
blur. Today, we hear of surgeons experimenting with holographic anatomic models
during surgical procedures.1 Manufacturing, maintenance, and warehouse workers
are measuring significant efficiency gains through the use of the Internet of
Things (IoT) and augmented reality.2 Cities are creating entire 3D digital twins
of themselves, helping to improve decision-making and scenario-planning.3 Still,
there’s a sense that we’re not “there” yet.
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Today’s technology applications are just glimmers of the emerging world of the
Spatial Web, sometimes called Web 3.0, or the 3D Web (see sidebar, “Emerging
definitions: Web 3.0 and the Spatial Web”). It is the next evolution in
computing and information technology (IT), on the same trajectory that began
with Web 1.0 and our current Web 2.0. We are now seeing the Spatial Web (Web
3.0) unfold, which will eventually eliminate the boundary between digital
content and physical objects that we know today. We call it “spatial” because
digital information will exist in space, integrated and inseparable from the
physical world. (To read an example of how it might work in reality, see the
sidebar, “A vision of the Spatial Web in health care.”)
This vision will be realized through the growth and convergence of enabling
technologies, including augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), advanced
networking (e.g., 5G), geolocation, IoT devices and sensors, distributed ledger
technology (e.g., blockchain), and artificial intelligence/machine learning
(AI/ML). While estimates predict the full realization of the Spatial Web may be
5–10 years away, many early-stage applications are already driving significant
competitive advantage.4
> We are now seeing the Spatial Web unfold, which will eventually eliminate the
> boundary between digital content and physical objects that we know today.
By vastly improving intuitive interactions and increasing our ability to deliver
highly contextualized experiences—for businesses and consumers alike—the Spatial
Web era will spark new opportunities to improve efficiency, communication, and
entertainment in ways we are only beginning to imagine today. For
forward-thinking leaders, it will create new potential for business
advantage—and, of course, new risks to monitor.
In this article, we will define the vision for the Spatial Web, discuss the
technologies it is built upon, and describe the path to maturity. The goal for
most companies is not to build a Spatial Web; however, understanding its
capabilities can help leaders better prepare for the long term, get more out of
their current investments in the short term, and participate in critical
conversations happening today that could decide how this coming era affects both
business and society.
EMERGING DEFINITIONS: WEB 3.0 AND THE SPATIAL WEB
> “...the world around us is about to light up with layer upon layer of rich,
> fun, meaningful, engaging, and dynamic data. Data you can see and interact
> with. This magical future ahead is called the Spatial Web and will transform
> every aspect of our lives, from retail and advertising, to work and education,
> to entertainment and social interaction.”
>
> —Peter Diamandis5
There is no single definition for Web 3.0, the computing era that follows our
current, mobile-powered Web 2.0. Many people identify Web 3.0 with the Semantic
Web, which centers on the capability of machines to read and interact with
content in a manner more akin to humans.6 Recently, definitions of Web 3.0 have
begun to include distributed ledger technologies, such as blockchain, focusing
on their ability to authenticate and decentralize information. Theoretically,
this could remove the power of platform owners over individual users.7
Each of these perspectives begins to describe a similar end state; they just
start from different technology vantage points. We use the term “Spatial Web”
because it emphasizes the shift in experience for the end user by transferring
interaction with information away from screens and into physical space (figure
1).
LINK TO FIGURE (COPY)
EMBED FIGURE (COPY)
A VISION OF THE SPATIAL WEB IN HEALTH CARE
Step a few years into the future, where connectivity, processing power, digital
devices, and our ability to analyze and contextualize data have advanced
considerably. In this world, much of our interaction with digital information
happens away from traditional screens, tablets, and phones. Here, we meet a
leading heart surgeon and researcher of cardiovascular health. She is starting
her day, not by checking her phone, but by turning on her hands-free,
intelligent interface.8 This advanced device curates multiple media channels
that filter contextual information into her field of view, from social media and
the news to her work schedule and secure patient information. This morning, she
uses it to call a self-driving car to take her to the hospital; on the way, she
attends a brief, holographic video conference with her child’s teacher. As the
car reaches the hospital, the device shifts settings to enable a secure and rich
mixed-reality medical environment, lowering the priority of notifications from
her personal life.
She begins work by digitally “scrubbing in” for robotic surgery on a patient
thousands of miles away.9 In this procedure, she will virtually guide her onsite
human and robotic colleagues, who are present with the patient in the physical
operating room. She’ll administer the procedure using combinations of
“see-what-I-see” features, haptic-enabled and custom 3D-printed surgical
instruments, and hands-free digital models. But before they begin, the team
virtually convenes around a 3D digital twin of the patient’s heart.10 This exact
digital replica has been a valuable tool in helping establish a surgical plan;
thus far, it has been used to collaboratively monitor the patient’s condition,
customize the surgical implants,11 and help the patient visualize the procedure.
As the team moves into surgery, this digital twin provides real-time,
AI-supported insights on the patient’s condition, poised to alert the surgical
staff to potential alternate interventions. Fortunately, this surgery goes as
planned; our surgeon successfully completes the procedure, and onsite colleagues
close the patient for recovery.
As the team finishes, data from the procedure is collected, analyzed, and
collated for a variety of purposes, based on the need and security permissions
of whoever is accessing it. It will be used to support the individual patient’s
postoperative care team; other parts of the health system may simultaneously
draw off the same database using the billions of data points to help monitor
public health and system capacity, run simulations, and improve outcomes.12
We are already seeing the early signs of this imagined future, although the
interconnected network required across patient care, R&D, hospital systems, and
other supportive industries may be a number of years away. However, we can see
the value of these new interfaces and digital threads intertwining seamlessly
for more effective results, both for the individual and the system. This
integrated physical and digital network is expected to be constructed over time,
built on the convergence of advanced technologies layered and designed both
securely and interoperably.13
BUILDING THE SPATIAL WEB
While we can’t predict precisely when Spatial Web maturity will arrive, the
trend line toward this future has been emerging for decades. Just as earlier
capabilities gave rise to Web 1.0 and Web 2.0, today’s leading technologies are
fueling and informing the evolution into the Spatial Web as they advance across
the three basic tiers of IT architecture (see figure 2):
* Interaction: The software, hardware, and content that we ultimately interact
with
* Computation: The logic that enables the interaction
* Information: The data and structure that allow computational functions to be
completed accurately, efficiently, and securely
LINK TO FIGURE (COPY)
EMBED FIGURE (COPY)
Gabriel René, executive director of the Spatial Web Foundation, notes:
“Downstream of these technology investments are the combinatorial benefits that
come when you are not implementing them entirely separately, but as part of a
larger strategy. This is how we upgrade to Web 3.0.”14
> “Downstream of these technology investments are the combinatorial benefits
> that come when you are not implementing them entirely separately, but as part
> of a larger strategy. This is how we upgrade to Web 3.0.”
>
> —Gabriel René, executive director of the Spatial Web Foundation
Interaction: AR/VR devices are expected to be a primary gateway for humans to
access the Spatial Web, although form factor may eventually range from AR
glasses or digital contact lenses to haptic wearables, IoT devices, sensors,
robots, autonomous vehicles, and beyond. For the Spatial Web to become widely
adopted, AR interfaces in particular will need to become more affordable and
comfortable to wear for long periods of time.
In recent years, significant investments have occurred in this area. Traditional
incumbents, such as Google,15 are continuing to develop and evolve AR hardware.
Facebook—an active participant in the VR space since its US$2 billion
acquisition of Oculus VR in 2014—has recently made a slew of investments focused
on AR and the AR Cloud, including a project called Live Maps that will
reportedly create shared 3D maps of the world.16 Apple17 has been developing its
own light-weight AR glasses and has applied for a series of patents that could
significantly reduce the size of such AR devices.18
Zooming out to look at the broader tech industry, we see upward trends in
innovation and development of technologies supporting the interaction layer of
the Spatial Web. For example, the number of AR-related patents published yearly
in the United States grew more than threefold over the last ten years (see
figure 3).19
Computation: AI/ML will play a foundational role in Spatial Web computation. It
enables machines and devices to understand the nondigital world, for example,
via computer vision and natural language processing. It will also drive
contextual, personalized experiences via AI’s ability to self-program,
continuously learn, and make contextual decisions. This will be critical for
Spatial Web maturity, and it will require immense amounts of processing power.
In addition, to rapidly and securely transmit rich, high-definition, contextual
media experiences from physical objects to a computation layer and back to the
end user, extremely fast network connectivity will be required. All of this will
depend on high-bandwidth networks and more distributed locations for computing,
making 5G connectivity and Edge computing core enablers.
Edge computing helps to reduce latency by decreasing the distance between the
device and a cloud-based processor.20 5G, which can enable download speeds up to
100 times faster than 4G,21 has seen a high level of investment in recent years,
driving predictions that the number of connections could grow from roughly 10
million in 2019 to over 1 billion in 2023, representing just under 10% of all
mobile device connections.22 Recent economic shifts may slow this over the short
term; however, as of January 2020, 5G had already been deployed in 378 cities
across 34 countries.23
A key infrastructure to support this level of computation is the AR Cloud (see
sidebar, “AR Cloud and 3D-mapping the physical world”).24 This will require
technology ranging from machine vision to 3D modeling technologies that will
allow the creation, positioning, and anchoring of digital content over physical
objects.
Information: Data sources and types are increasing constantly and will only
accelerate as sensorized devices proliferate. This makes privacy a critical
consideration, and it is why many consider distributed ledger technologies, such
as blockchain, to be foundational.25 Through built-in immutability, data
integrity and security are ensured, allowing platforms or companies to
incorruptibly manage access and identity control.26 Because of this,
blockchain’s authentication abilities can enable open ecosystems, without
restricting users, as many platform-based applications do today. This ability to
decentralize spurs the hope that the Spatial Web will realize the vision of a
truly open and democratized internet.27
Apart from its security capabilities, blockchain also plays a role in managing
entities in the physical world—from buying location-based digital real estate to
managing nonprivate spaces such as parks and even nongovernmental locations such
as oceans. One company, XR Web, has already started selling spaces on the
Earth's digital layer.28
All told, this is a story of technology converging across the three layers of
IT. We see measurable innovation across all three tiers discussed in this
section. Patent publications are typically considered a good indicator of
innovation activity and investments, and applications related to Spatial Web
technologies have shown clear growth over the last decade (see figure 3). While
not all of these patents are exclusive to the Spatial Web, every innovation can
help in its eventual realization. Furthermore, Spatial Web–specific patents
(those that specifically mention Spatial Web, AR cloud, or 3D Web) have
demonstrated a tenfold increase in the last 10 years.29
LINK TO FIGURE (COPY)
EMBED FIGURE (COPY)
AR CLOUD AND 3D-MAPPING THE PHYSICAL WORLD
The AR Cloud is a key enabler of the Spatial Web; some groups even use both
terms interchangeably. According to the Open AR Cloud association (OARC), the
simplest definition of the AR Cloud is a 3D digital copy of the world.30 By
creating 1:1 scale digital models that are machine-readable, updated in real
time, and associated with precise geolocation information, spatial experiences
can become richer, more accurate, and more connected. Ultimately, its creation
helps enable our ability to fully erase the line between digital and physical
objects. Today, a variety of companies are working toward its development.
Maps of physical spaces and digital twins will be created for everything:
cities, rooms, retail spaces, public areas. Once maps are built, locations could
be defined in space and new types of transactions and interactions become
possible. As people and objects begin to move through these maps, it should
become possible to gather a wealth of previously unavailable information about
people and processes: how they gather, move, and interact, and which experiences
they find useful.
GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE: A PATH TO THE MATURE SPATIAL WEB
As described in the previous section, the Spatial Web will require advances in
all three tiers of IT infrastructure to come to full fruition. The path to
maturity can be viewed in three general stages: Augmentation, Optimization, and
Unification (see figure 4). While the Unification stage is still estimated to be
a few years away, many companies are already generating value through the
Augmentation and Optimization phases.
LINK TO FIGURE (COPY)
EMBED FIGURE (COPY)
In the first stage, Augmentation, organizations implement technologies to
“augment” the capabilities of workers, machines, and processes. They tend to be
disconnected from each other, and workflows remain largely the same as before.
Most industries are already at this stage, implementing technologies such as AR
to support frontline workers in manufacturing, maintenance, and field service;31
VR learning to support difficult, expensive, or dangerous skill development; 32
and the IoT to drive predictive maintenance.33 These use cases are already
demonstrating valuable returns for companies—for example, one company compared
AR line-of-sight instructions to using a traditional manual for wind turbine
assembly. Using the AR workflow, technician performance improved by 34%.34
Through successful applications, organizations lay the foundation for the second
stage, Optimization, where use cases become more integrated and
cross-functional. For example, in earlier stages of maturity, a digital twin
could allow factory engineers to move from reactive to predictive equipment
maintenance.35 As the organization becomes more sophisticated, it begins to
integrate data and identify opportunities for cross-functional optimization via
a broader asset performance management (APM) system. APM helps inform not just
maintenance timing, but also operational procedures, and material and part
procurement, which can lead to gains across the enterprise—from material spend
to savings on insurance premiums resulting from deep reductions in catastrophic
failures.36
In another example of organizational optimization, Wayfair saw the opportunity
for AR to help customers visualize and place furniture in their homes.37 While
the company measured significant boosts in conversion and reduced returns as a
result of the experience, the time and effort in creating high-quality 3D
product models spurred it to look for additional uses. Today, almost its entire
online catalog is created using those 3D models, instead of standard
photography. The level of cost savings from catalog and marketing asset
production has unlocked value and further investment in 3D experiences across
the company.38
The third stage, Unification, is when the more complete vision of the Spatial
Web emerges, as technologies and ecosystems converge. While the earliest
manifestations have been seen in gaming, a number of 3D-specific startups such
as Ubiquity639 and WRLD,40 in addition to long-standing companies such as
Esri,41 are actively developing spatial capabilities for broader enterprise and
consumer applications. Ultimately, these companies are looking for a platform
that helps everyone move seamlessly from context to context, with the right data
and experiences available at the right time and location.
There is a lot of conjecture about how the mature Spatial Web will manifest.
Possibilities range from a completely open-source, democratized Spatial Web that
anyone can join (irrespective of device) to platform-defined, walled-garden
Spatial Web(s) that are owned and governed by a small number of large companies.
The way technology advances and which group defines the Spatial Web will have
enormous influence over how this new world unfolds—and the vast amounts of data
it will generate.
Many early proponents are hopeful that the mature Spatial Web will embody a
return to the early vision of “universality,” inspired and driven by World Wide
Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee.42 They argue that Web 1.0 became possible and
valuable because of the network effect and innovation its openness welcomed
through the establishment of open web standards. Although Web 2.0 made
user-generated content easier and, some may say, democratic, the heavily private
and app-driven networks have foregone openness.43 This has made it difficult for
users to switch platforms and has reduced the interoperability of today’s
digital interactions. Many argue this impedes innovation and consumer control.44
This is why at this early stage of the Spatial Web/Web 3.0, a number of groups,
including Open AR Cloud, IEEE, and the Spatial Web Foundation, are pushing to
create open standards that will realign behind a decentralized and democratic
set of values.45
Standards-setting may sound dry, but it is central to determining the future of
the Spatial Web—and who will control the vast amounts of data it generates. The
outcome will have significant implications economically, socially, and ethically
(see sidebar, “Ethics and privacy challenges in the Spatial Web”). This is why
it is so important for all types of companies to participate in creating these
standards.
ETHICS AND PRIVACY CHALLENGES IN THE SPATIAL WEB
Experiences available on the Spatial Web could sway our view of reality to a
degree never before seen. Ethical issues related to fair and responsible data
usage, as well as privacy, ownership, security, and authentication are
paramount.
This is a complex and challenging topic that cannot be covered fully here. To
learn more about Deloitte’s perspective on data privacy, security, regulation,
and ethical usage, we recommend reading the following articles as a starting
point:
* Data privacy as a strategic priority
* Ethical tech: Making ethics a priority in today’s digital organization
* Ethical technology and trust
* How to begin regulating a digital reality world
RECOMMENDATIONS: WHERE TO BEGIN FOR BUSINESS LEADERS
In the coming years, business strategies and consumer behaviors will evolve
around the Spatial Web’s growing ability to deliver intuitive interactions with
highly contextual and personalized information. Most businesses aren’t going to
build their own Spatial Web; they will participate in it as it becomes the next
major era in computing, analogous to how Web 2.0 capabilities have driven new
mobile behaviors and ways of working.
Many business leaders may get the impression that this evolution is too far off
to warrant attention. However, there are important actions to be taken today to
prepare for, benefit from, and shape this new era as it unfolds. While the best
entry points may vary by industry segment, the following actions will be
beneficial for most:
* Build with the future in mind. Most large companies have already started
working with many of the technologies enabling the Spatial Web, but often
they aren’t building with that end-state in mind. This can cause them to miss
valuable efficiencies. For example, start looking for ways to streamline and
connect 3D assets—if you’re a manufacturing company, bring 3D product models
from product ideation to factory technician training, all the way through to
marketing and customer support.
* Experiment with IoT and location-based sensors. Tapping into sensor data
enables a business’s operational awareness, which, in turn, can yield
optimized operations. Learning to manage data from sensors—whether from
retail stores’ camera feeds, trackers on trucks, or infusion pump sensors in
hospitals—helps prepare the business for handling the volume of data, and
also helps them begin to benefit from the insights they can provide. An
increasing variety of sensors will become key inputs for Spatial Web users.
* Map out your business. Whether it’s modeling large facilities for wayfinding,
having a digital twin of your brick-and-mortar store shelves and inventory,
creating geographical models to optimize logistics, or creating a digital
twin of the manufacturing line, it’s going to become increasingly important
to have a digital representation of your business and the location of its
elements. This helps to lay the groundwork for monitoring and optimizing by
using its digital equivalent.
* Insist on interoperable, ethical standards. The Spatial Web is a convergence
of emerging technologies. Both established and new organizations are already
starting to establish standards to enable interoperability across
applications. These organizations and the resulting standards efforts can be
strengthened by support from the business community. Jan-Erik Vinje of Open
AR Cloud group urges, “Now is the time to get that perspective … and also
speak about the way we think about this future and what values should be the
North Star when making this technology if we want to make it benefit as many
people as possible and be a good engine of economic growth and technological
and societal development.”46
> “Now is the time to get that perspective … and also speak about the way we
> think about this future and what values should be the North Star …”
>
> —Jan-Erik Vinje, managing director and co-founder of Open AR Cloud group
Truly transformative technologies enable new use cases, and without question
we’ll be telling different stories about the Spatial Web five years from now.
But by participating with this vision in mind from the beginning, your company
may be better positioned to tell that story instead of having it told to you.
Disclaimer
All information on Spatial Web patents is sourced from the US Patents and
Trademark website, a publicly available source: https://www.uspto.gov/. The
purpose of the analysis is to identify general themes in technologies related to
the Spatial Web. The classification of the patents under the individual enabling
technologies is based on an automated query of keywords in the patent
description and the Cooperative Patent Classification provided by the USPTO,
accessible through the link: https://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/.
Deloitte has no role in defining or determining the patent classification, and
Deloitte did not review any individual patents in preparing this analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to give a special thanks to Laura Kusumoto and Sandy
Mathews along with Mac Segura-Cook, Cary Harr, Amy Golem, Negina Rood, John
Forster, Richa Khanna, Pankaj Kumar Bansal, Shruti Panda, Alok Ranjan, and
Narasimham Mulakaluri for their support in the development of this piece.
Cover Image by: Gordon Studer
ENDNOTES
1. Thomas M. Gregory et al., “Surgery guided by mixed reality: Presentation of
a proof of concept,” Acta Orthopaedica 89, no. 5 (2018): pp. 480–3. View in
article
2. Magid Abraham and Marco Annunziata, “Augmented reality is already improving
worker performance,” Harvard Business Review, March 13, 2017. View in
article
3. Daniel Castro, “Digital twin technology can make smart cities even
smarter,” Government Technology, October/November 2019. View in article
4. Joe Mariani, Adam Routh, and Allan V. Cook, Convergence of technology in
government, Deloitte Insights, March 11, 2020. View in article
5. Peter H. Diamandis, “The Spatial Web will map our 3D world—and change
everything in the process,” Singularity Hub, November 16, 2018. View in
article
6. Two-Bit History, “Whatever happened to the Semantic Web?,” May 27, 2018.
View in article
7. Harvard Business Review, “The redecentralized web,” podcast featuring Azeem
Azhar, accessed June 23, 2020. View in article
8. Allan V. Cook, Jonathan Berman, and Jiten Dajee, Intelligent interfaces:
Reimagining the way humans, machines, and data interact, Deloitte Insights,
January 16, 2019. View in article
9. Matthew Humphries, “China performs first 5G remote surgery,” PCMag, January
15, 2019. View in article
10. Economist, “Digital twins of hearts could help diagnose and treat cardiac
disease,” February 27, 2020. View in article
11. Jayanthi Parthasarathy, “3D modeling, custom implants and its future
perspectives in craniofacial surgery,” Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 4,
no. 1 (2014): pp. 9–18. View in article
12. Deloitte, The hospital of the future: How digital technologies can change
hospitals globally, 2017. View in article
13. George Hatzivasilis et al., “The Interoperability of Things: Interoperable
solutions as an enabler for IoT and Web 3.0,” IEEE 23rd International
Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and
Networks (CAMAD), Barcelona, September 17–19, 2018. View in article
14. Deloitte interview. View in article
15. Alex Perry, “Google just launched the second version of Google Glass
Enterprise Edition,” Mashable, May 21, 2019; Nick Statt, “Google opens its
latest Google Glass AR headset for direct purchase,” Verge, February 4,
2020. View in article
16. Josh Constine, “Facebook’s $2 billion acquisition of Oculus closes, now
official,” TechCrunch, July 22, 2014; Sam Ochanji, “Facebook acquires the
computer vision startup Scape Technologies,” VR Times, February 9, 2020;
News 18, “Facebook is working on AR glasses with 3D ‘Live Maps,’” September
26, 2019. View in article
17. The Spatial Web and Web 3.0: What business leaders should know about the
next era of computing by the Deloitte Center for Integrated Research is an
independent publication and has not been authorized, sponsored, or
otherwise approved by Apple Inc. Apple and Apple Watch are registered
trademarks of Apple Inc. View in article
18. Nick Statt, “Apple smart glasses patent details a lighter, comfier
head-mounted display,” Verge, February 9, 2018. View in article
19. USPTO (from ~2,600 in 2015 to ~8,700 in 2019). View in article
20. Xiuquan Qiao et al., “A new era for web AR with mobile edge computing,”
IEEE Internet Computing, July/August 2018. View in article
21. Clare Duffy, “The big differences between 4G and 5G,” CNN, January 17,
2020. View in article
22. IDC, “IDC forecasts worldwide 5G connections to reach 1.01 billion in
2023,” press release, December 16, 2019. View in article
23. Lance Whitney, “5G expands to 378 cities across 34 countries,”
TechRepublic, February 27, 2020. View in article
24. Shashi Shekhar and Pamela Vold, Spatial Computing (Cambridge, MA: The MIT
Press, 2019). View in article
25. Avivah Litan, “Blockchain’s Big Bang: Web 3.0,” Gartner, August 8, 2019.
View in article
26. Bala Venkatesh, “What is Blockchain technology and future world of web
3.0,” Medium, June 25, 2018. View in article
27. Dom Galeon, “The internet is a new kind of prison, blockchain may set us
free,” Futurism, March 7, 2018. View in article
28. XR Web, “Blockchain ecosystem for AR/VR and location based dapps,” accessed
June 23, 2020. View in article
29. US Patents and Trademark Office (USPTO). View in article
30. Open AR Cloud, “FAQs,” accessed June 23, 2020. View in article
31. Donald Brady et al., Augmenting the field service worker, Deloitte
Insights, January 29, 2020. View in article
32. Tony DeMarinis et al., Real learning in a virtual world, Deloitte Insights,
August 14, 2018. View in article
33. Chris Coleman et al., Making maintenance smarter, Deloitte University
Press, May 9, 2017. View in article
34. Abraham and Annunziata, “Augmented reality is already improving worker
performance.” View in article
35. Coleman et al., Making maintenance smarter. View in article
36. Andy Daecher et al., Asset performance management: Driving value beyond
predictive maintenance, Deloitte Insights, February 26, 2019. View in
article
37. PYMNTS, “Using augmented reality to help merchants reduce returns,” April
30, 2020. View in article
38. Allan V. Cook et al., Augmented shopping: The quiet revolution, Deloitte
Insights, January 10, 2020. View in article
39. Tommy Palladino, “AR cloud startup Ubiquity6 launches Display.land for 3D
capture via smartphone cameras,” Next Reality, November 18, 2019. View in
article
40. Inverse, “This 3D mapping company is making the world look like a video
game,” March 6, 2017. View in article
41. Radhika Udas, “GIS mapping now more relevant than ever, ‘Esri’ dashboard
proves helpful in fighting COVID,” Indian Express, May 6, 2020. View in
article
42. W3C, “About W3C,” accessed June 23, 2020. View in article
43. Alex Hern, “Tim Berners-Lee on 30 years of the world wide web: ‘We can get
the web we want',” Guardian, March 12, 2019. View in article
44. Marko Balabanovic, “Who will own the metaverse?,” Medium, September 16,
2019. View in article
45. World Wide Web Foundation, “History of the web,” accessed June 23, 2020.
View in article
46. Deloitte interview. View in article
Show moreShow less
TOPICS IN THIS ARTICLE
Digital Transformation , Artificial intelligence (AI) , Innovation , Technology
, Cognitive technologies
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* Managing director, US Digital Reality leader
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ALLAN V. COOK
MANAGING DIRECTOR | DELOITTE CONSULTING LLP
Allan is a managing director with Deloitte Digital & the Digital Reality
Business leader, working with clients on VR, AR, MR, 360 & immersive strategies
& experiences. Allan was also the Global TMT Sector leader for Ops
Transformation & has more than 30-years of industry experience. He works with a
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* allcook@deloitte.com
* +1 213 688 5360
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CHIEF FUTURIST | DELOITTE CONSULTING LLP
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discontinuity and disruption. His team researches the novel and exponential
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* mibechtel@deloitte.com
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Anderson worked in editorial and strategic communications roles in technology
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* sianderson@deloitte.com
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* China (English)China
(English)cn,CN,china,China,PRC,pcr,中,中國,香,香港,澳,澳門,chn,CHN,Zhongguo,zhongguo
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