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Litigation


STJ AND THE JOINT JUDGMENT OF MOTION FOR CLARIFICATION AND APPEAL


SUPERIOR COURT REAFFIRMS THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF JUDGING A CASE WITH BOTH TYPES OF
APPEALS IN THE SAME SESSION, AS IT RISKS VIOLATING PRINCIPLES OF DUE PROCESS OF
LAW

21 October 2024
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AUTHORS

 * Eduardo Perazza
   Partner / São Paulo
   
   Consumer relations / Technology / Litigation / Crisis management
   +55 11 3150-7000
   epmedeiros@machadomeyer.com.br
 * Débora Chaves Martines Fernandes
   Lawyer / São Paulo
   
   Consumer relations / Restructuring and insolvency / Litigation / Banking /
   insurance and finance
   +55 11 3150-7037
   dchaves@machadomeyer.com.br
 * Henrique Araujo
   Lawyer / São Paulo
   
   Litigation
   +55 11 3150-3315
   hgonzaga@machadomeyer.com.br

The Second Panel of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), unanimously, recognized
the nullity of a judgment rendered by the Federal Court of the 5th Region (TRF
5). The panel of federal appellate judges of the TRF 5 had held a new trial of
the appeal in the same session in which it considered and accepted a motion for
clarification to invalidate the previous judgment of the appeal.

According to the STJ justices, this situation violates the right to be heard and
the principle of full defense of the parties, since the lawyers were not
notified in advance of the new trial nor did they have the opportunity to make
oral arguments.

For STJ’s Second Panel, once the first judgment of the appeal was dismissed,
after the motion for clarification was granted, TRF5 should have included the
appeal again on the agenda for a new trial.

STJ reinforced the need to follow the established legal procedure, which
requires the inclusion of the appeal on the agenda at least five business days
in advance (articles 934 and 935 of the  Brazilian Civil Procedure Code – CPC)
and guarantees the right to oral arguments of the parties (article 937, I, of
the CPC). The failure to comply with these requirements may result in nullity
due to violation of the constitutional right to due process of law (article 5,
LV of the Federal Constitution).

The Superior Court also stressed that the principles of procedural agility,
procedural economy and primacy of the merits’ judgment cannot be applied without
proper consideration. Those principles should not prevail over other
constitutional principles of the civil procedure – especially those that aim to
ensure the right to be heard and full defense of the parties.

It is also important to mention that the current CPC incorporated the so-called
"principle of prohibition of surprise decision" (article 10). This principle
prohibits the judge from deciding on any issue without giving the parties the
right to express themselves in advance, even if it involves, i.e., a matter of
public order.

The decision of the STJ’s Second Panel, rendered in the records of  REsp
2.140.962/SE, reiterates the recent understanding of the Court’s First Panel,
which also recognized, in the records of AREsp 2.381.097/DF, the impossibility
of holding a new appeal trial at the same time as the motion for clarification.

The decisions mentioned do not have binding effect, but they indicate an
important trend of precedent consolidation on this matter in the STJ.

The guidance established by the Superior Court is very important for litigation
performance, as it ensures the principle of full defense and the right to be
heard in the second instance, which guarantees the performance of oral
arguments. As a private act of lawyers, oral arguments are essential for the
parties’ defense at this stage of the process – which is the last opportunity to
discuss the facts and relevant evidence to the dispute resolution.


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