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3. Malpractice
MALPRACTICE
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CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH MALPRACTICE PROCEDURE (FOR CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH QUALIFICATIONS)
Cambridge English has a responsibility to candidates, test centres and other
stakeholders to ensure the integrity of our examinations. This is done by
putting in place robust measures to identify and deal with instances of
candidate or test centre malpractice, including the use of statistical checks
based on sound research.
The Cambridge English Malpractice Procedure deals with cases of suspected
irregular conduct. Irregular conduct is any action which gives or aims to give
unfair advantage to a candidate or causes disadvantage to other candidates.
Cambridge English warns centres and candidates of the potential consequences of
malpractice through the following:
Centres Information on Cambridge English Support Site
Handbook for Centres
Exam Day Booklet
CEM training modules
Malpractice Form Candidates Notice to Candidates (displayed outside all
examination rooms)
Summary Regulations (provided to all candidates by their centre)
Examples of malpractice include, but are not limited to:
* obtaining or allowing unauthorised access to examination material
* using or trying to use unauthorised material, e.g. notes, study guides,
mobile phones
* copying/collusion or attempted copying/collusion
* disruptive behaviour or not following the instructions of an invigilator,
supervisor or Centre Exams Manager, e.g. use of mobile phones or other
electronic devices
* impersonation (pretending to be someone else)
* altering any results document, including certificates
* any other form of cheating or gaining of an unfair advantage.
Cases of suspected malpractice may be reported in the following ways:
* by a member of centre staff, e.g. a report from an invigilator, supervisor,
CEM, Speaking examiner
* by an examiner, e.g. unusual incorrect answers, shared by candidates who were
sitting next to each other
* by statistical analysis of candidates' answer sheets (see below).
Once reported, potential malpractice cases follow a process of investigation by
Cambridge English staff, which may lead to results being permanently withheld.
TIME FRAME
The malpractice procedure can start at any point between the exam day and
results release. In instances where new evidence of malpractice is discovered,
or for computer-based testing where results windows are shorter, or where
evidence is not provided on time, the malpractice procedure may run after
results release
POST-TEST STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
In line with best practice, we investigate potential malpractice by carrying out
a range of statistical analyses on individual candidate results, pairs and
groups of candidates in test venues and the overall results of all the
candidates from one test sitting or across sittings.
These analyses may include, but are not limited to:
* comparing the similarity of response patterns, or marks, between two or more
candidates
* comparing the performance of a candidate on one test paper to their
performance on the other papers
* comparing the performance of a candidate on one test date to their
performance on a previous test date
* assessing the likelihood of certain responses and scores given the overall
ability of a candidatev
* checking unusual activity on systems for digital tests
In each case the analysis assesses the likelihood of any given pattern of
results or scores being found by chance, given the typical pattern observed in
the rest of the test population (based on historical candidate data).
Any cases which are identified as being unusual may then be further scrutinised
by the malpractice team. All available evidence is checked by staff before a
decision is made on whether to withhold results.
If we have reasonable grounds to suspect that a result is not a reliable
indicator of a candidate’s ability, or if we have reasonable grounds to suspect
that exam regulations have not been complied with, then we believe it is in the
interests of all candidates that we withhold it. It is important to understand
that decisions are made using the evidence available, and that decisions are
made based on levels of confidence in a result and/or compliance with
regulations; it is not about proving malpractice has happened, instead it is
about ensuring that only results we are confident in are released.
MALPRACTICE DECISION MAKING
Cambridge English has trained malpractice team which looks at cases, assessing
all relevant information. After carefully considering the case, the team will
decide whether the candidate's result should be released or permanently
withheld. The centre is then asked to inform the candidate.
If it is decided that a candidate's results can be released, the original
results will be issued, unchanged. If it is concluded that the results should be
permanently withheld, the candidate will not receive a result.
This procedure is designed to ensure that all decisions are consistent, fair and
based on the fullest information available.
There is an appeals procedure for candidates who wish to appeal against a
decision to permanently withhold their result. Information about the appeals
procedure can be found on the enquiries and appeals page.
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH QUALIFICATIONS: MALPRACTICE PROCEDURE STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
RESULTS
As stated in section 3.4 of the Cambridge English Regulations, the malpractice
procedure may dictate that affected candidates do not receive results, or their
result may be cancelled after it is issued.
* You might get your result later than others in your group
* Your result might be cancelled before it is released
* Your result might be cancelled after it is released if concerns are raised
after the release date
We may cancel or withhold results for an entire exam session where there is
evidence an exam session has not been securely administered.
We may share malpractice information with recognising institutions/government
organisations and with organisations/government organisations who receive
candidate results for various purposes.
STEP 1 – SUSPECTED MALPRACTICE IS IDENTIFIED
A candidate is identified for suspected malpractice by sources such as (but not
limited to):
* the centre
* an examiner
* statistical analysis of their responses
* a Cambridge English investigation (such as an inspection)
STEP 2 – MALPRACTICE CASE IS CREATED
We create a case for each candidate and take the following action:
* temporarily withhold the candidate’s result (if not yet released) or
* withdraw the candidate’s result (if already released)
* contact the centre and request any supporting information that may be
relevant to the malpractice case e.g. the venue’s room plan, invigilator
records, etc.
STEP 3 – MALPRACTICE SIFT
Cambridge English analyses the malpractice case using our established criteria
to decide whether the case should be submitted for further investigation by the
malpractice team. These criteria are designed to filter out cases that do not
merit further review.
* If the case does not meet the criteria, we resolve the case and release the
result.
* If the case needs further review and investigation it will advance to Step 4.
STEP 4 – PRELIMINARY REVIEW AND INVESTIGATION
We review and investigate the case. We will release the result if there is not
sufficient cause for concern, or we will contact the centre to request a
statement from each candidate involved. The statement gives the candidate a
chance to represent their view of events. The candidate provides the centre with
a statement, which the centre then sends to Cambridge English. Candidates under
18 can be represented by their parent or guardian if they wish. The candidate’s
statement should include:
* their personal response to the suspected malpractice concern e.g. acceptance
or denial of the suspicion.
* any mitigating circumstances the candidate feels that Cambridge should
consider.
STEP 5 – MALPRACTICE REVIEW
If we do not receive the candidate’s statement, within two weeks of our request,
we will proceed with the malpractice review without it. Once we receive the
candidate’s statement, all available evidence for the case is reviewed by our
trained staff.
The candidate can provide a statement at any later appeal stage. The malpractice
team reviews the case and decides to permanently withhold or to release the
candidate’s result.
STEP 6 – OUTCOME
We provide a confirmation of the final decision to the centre.
If the decision is to release the result, the candidate will receive their
result via the normal channel.
If the decision is to permanently withhold the result, the candidate will not
receive a result.
A candidate can appeal against a final malpractice decision by requesting a
Stage 1 Appeal via their centre. Centres can access detailed information via the
Cambridge English Appeals Procedure on the Cambridge English Support Site.
Additional information:
* The processes described in Steps 1–6 above are designed to allow for robust
protections of our qualifications.
* All decisions are made on the information that is supplied to the Malpractice
Review Panel within the timeframe set out above.
* The Malpractice Review Panel will seek to make a reasonable assessment on the
facts presented.
* The candidate is deemed to have accepted and understood the regulations by
sitting the exam and it will be for the candidate to prove that
* any discretion sought is appropriate, or;
* that a decision made via the above process is not in itself a reasonable
outcome for the Malpractice Review Panel to have reached.
FURTHER INFORMATION
For further information or advice please contact the Cambridge English Helpdesk
team.
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