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Стр.
... ADB and the World Bank 8. The ADB and Other Development Institutions 9. The
ADB's Evaluation Process 10. Politics in the Multilateral Development Banks
Works Cited Index Tables and Figure 1. Selected Growth Indicators, African
Development ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. Tables. and. Figure. 1. Selected Growth Indicators, African
Development Bank Group, 1974-86 2. Selected Growth Indicators, African
Development Fund 3. Basic Salary Scales of ADB Secretariat as of October 1984 4.
African ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. Acknowledgments. The idea of a project on the African
Development Bank (ADB) emerged from a paper I wrote comparing American influence
in the regional development banks; I discovered in that research virtually
no ...
Стр.
... Africa in northern Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso. Kim Hayden of the
Department of Political Science at the University of Kentucky expertly typed and
revised too many ... ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development Fund
AID.
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. Glossary. ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development
Fund AID (USAID) Agency for International Development (United States) APPER
Africa's Priority Program for Economic Recovery CEAO West African Economic ...
Стр.
... African Development Bank group. This bank, comparable to other multilateral
development banks, lends money based on “sound banking practices” for projects
that are “technically, financially and economically viable” (Gardiner and ...
Стр.
... African Development Fund (ADF), focusing on how the law applicable to loan
accords of the Fund are applied. Unfortunately, little is proffered about the
critical question of the effects of extraregional membership in the Bank or
the ...
Стр.
... development institutions in Africa in the fulfillment of these objectives.
[African Development Bank 1981a] Changes have occurred, however, in the economic
and political resources of the Bank, as well as in the types of salient ...
Стр.
... African Develpment Bank Planning and Research Department. Compendium of
Statistics, (1984, 1987). Table 1 shows selected growth indicators of economic
... African Development Fund, established in 1972, with the Bank and twenty.
Стр.
... African Development Bank Planning and Research Department, Compendium of
Statistics (1984, 1987). over Prior to 1982 the major problem of the Bank was
the scarcity of economic resources for a continent with unlimited economic
needs ...
Стр.
... ADB at its founding was established as an exclusively African institution.
Non-African members explicitly rejected from participation, the founders
extolling the virtues of “going it alone.” Not only was all Bank management
African ...
Стр.
... ADB was recognized as the “best” African international organization quite
early. Using data collected for the years between 1964 and 1970, John F. Clark
(1979:343) found that the ADB received the highest rating by the African
states ...
Стр.
... development banks. At the establishment of the Bank, votes were allocated to
African states according to a formula that tended to equalize influence. For
example, basic votes, those allocated equally to each member whether a Nigeria
or ...
Стр.
... Bank (representing the less-developed regional members) nor the
extraregional members can independently block action. Although this arrangement
was ... African Development Bank group provide a critical foundation for
understanding the.
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. Development Bank group provide a critical foundation for
understanding the patterns of intraorganizational politics (chapter 2). The ...
Development Bank. CHAPTER 2 Decision Making within the African Development Bank
At.
Стр.
... modern legitimacy (Jackson and Rosberg 1982). Leadership within the African
Development Bank, centered in the president, is no exception. While the
president is elected by the board of Decision Making within the African
Development Bank.
Стр.
... Bank” (Art. 36). And according to Article 7, it is the president who shall
be for a five-year period chairman of the ... development banks which have both
constitutionally mandated stipulations or strong precedents that the ...
Стр.
... ADB secretariat personnel are seen as an “over-paid, privileged and
frequently spoiled lot.” Frequent abuse of Bank privileges, exemption from local
taxes, and ration cards for cheap gasoline exacerbate the poor image and are
routinely ...
Стр.
... African case, linguistic preference. The extraregional groupings represent a
haphazard agglomeration of states put ... Development (USAID). This group
assesses all loans proposed in all the multilateral development banks on the ...
Стр.
... ADB loans, it has been through the executive director. Compared to the
American position in the other development banks such as the World Bank and
Inter-American Dvelopment Bank, the United States has not consistently acted to
tie up or ...
Стр.
... ADB, being instrumental in the establishment of the African Development Fund
and convincing France to participate in the whole undertaking. For the other
extraregional groups, the executive directorship is rotated every three
years ...
Стр.
... African Development Bank. In fact, the ADB group consists of several units.
In 1964 the African Development Bank was established with only African members.
In 1972, in accord with Article 8 of the Bank's charter, the African ...
Стр.
... Bank. The Directors hold office for a period of three years and serve
without payment from the Fund. The President of the African Development Bank is
ultimately responsible for the Fund's operations, including the preparation of
an ...
Стр.
... ADB personnel were sent to the World Bank as well as to the other regional
banks to compare procedures and processes ... Bank this institutionalization of
procedures and process as a positive development. Even though procedures are ...
Стр.
... development bank as “autonomous receiver” of projects, while compatible with
a view of the MDBs as economically ... ADB (and other cofinancing institutions)
and member governments before they appear at headquarters. And many ...
Стр.
... development bank (ADB, Rapport devaluation Deuzième Ligne de Crédit à la
Banque de Dévellopement de Zambie, 1980) or because the project was aimed at
improving the performance of a whole sector (ADB, Appraisal Report Strengthening
of ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. CHAPTER. 4. Policy. Debates. African Development Bank members,
like members in all economic organizations charged with operational tasks, must
confront a number of procedural and substantive policy choices that are apt
to ...
Стр.
... ADB, there was virtual consensus that the Bank would be composed of African
states only. Among those who, like President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt,
envisioned an African institution, some were willing to contribute sizeable
financing ...
Стр.
... ADB should not result in decreased funding for the concessional African
Development Fund. Indeed, many regionals felt that appropriate contributions to
the Fund should be a prerequisite for participation quotas in the Bank. E ...
Стр.
... Bank as an institution? On the amount and direction of Bank lending? On
economic development policy followed? Immediate financial resources augmented by
extraregional contributions as shown in table 4. Although ADB officials had
begun ...
Стр.
... Bank and the ADB with respect to agriculture permits us to examine the
differences. In the World Bank's Accelerated Development in SubSaharan Africa:
An Agenda for Action (1981a), agricultural deterioration is attributed to
domestic ...
Стр.
... development agencies for viable agricultural projects (see chapters 7 and
8). The ADB's commitment to agriculture also reflects governmental priorities.
Some ... African Development Bank Planning and Research Department. Compendium
of.
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. Source: African Development Bank Planning and Research
Department. Compendium of Statistics (1984, 1987). Relatively modest amounts of
funding committed to agriculture also reflect the realization that these
projects are ...
Стр.
... African Development Fund. The position of the extraregionals supporting
agricultural sector over other sectors has been well articulated in the ADF. Not
only has the ADB given priority to agriculture in terms of loan allocations, and
to ...
Стр.
... ADB group support. The share to transport has declined from 56% in 1974 to
26% in 1986, but that percentage is still high. The combined percentage of
funding going to industry and development banks supporting industry has
increased ...
Стр.
... development banks like the African Development Bank are charged with
initiating and managing projects. For many projects to be successful,
governmental policies must be changed. In other words, development finance
institutions must ...
Стр.
... development banks affect national policy? What techniques of influence do
they have at their disposal? How potent are these techniques? As David Baldwin
argues, “neither policy analysts nor power analysts have given much attention
to ...
Стр.
... Bank has played an important role in the international marketplace of ideas,
largely as a consciousness raiser about development. During the first two
decades, the ADB was insufficiently strong economically and politically to be
a ...
Стр.
... Africa entrepreneurs (U.S. House of Representatives, 1986). The ADB was not
the originator of the private enterprise approach to economic development, nor
are many Bank officials confirmed advocates of the approach. But the ADB has
been ...
Стр.
... Bank officials and recipient countries increases. The ADB has traditionally
shied away from imposing explicit conditionality as identified with the
International Monetary Fund and to a lesser extent the World Bank. In the words
of one ...
Стр.
... ADB directives or suggestions are lax. This weakness can be explained by the
fundamental disagreement found within ... Bank. This “temporary” institutional
limitation is self-imposed, as officials have acknowledged that they do not ...
Стр.
... development plans. As one interviewee described, some countries just submit
lists of things needed to help them alleviate balance of payment difficulties;
the ADB staff then struggles to devise a coherent fundable package, often ...
Стр.
... Bank policy that begins cutting new funds to states seventy-five days in
arrears. Three months later, if still in arrears, the ADB suspends disbursements
for ... African Development Bank, Planning and Research Department. Compendium
of.
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. The ADB possesses four potentially potent techniques of
influence. The most general is that the ADB is a conveyor of economic ideas to
member states; through ideas, the IGO influences state members. This technique
of ADB ...
Стр.
... Bank's African character, the likelihood that its recommendations will be
taken seriously by African policymakers is enhanced” (1986:11). One of the
potential liabilities for the ADB of imposing stricter loan preconditions,
tightening ...
Стр.
... ADB techniques to influence borrowers' policies and the effectiveness of the
technique selected. All African international organizations including the
African Development Bank are constrained by a suite of environmental problems.
First ...
Стр.
... African governments suggests that ADB's interactions with specific regimes
may be short lived, and hence ADB's ... Development Program (UNDP) in Africa,
“the unstable situation also tended to endanger past accomplishments and ...
Стр.
... ADB is no exception. Fourth, economic weaknesses and administrative poor
management within the African countries present another set of environmental
constraints. The most glaring obstacle until recently has been lack of funds.
The ADB ...
Стр.
... ADB is the most closely scrutinized by the international financial community
of the multilateral development banks. Even if the funds are available, the ADB
lacks economic expertise in some areas of non-project lending/sectoral loans ...
Стр.
... ADB's weaknesses is its lack of a clearly enunciated theory of economic
development. Officials, although largely trained in the tradition, have eschewed
becoming too closely identified with the liberal economic approach, a
development ...
Стр.
... ADB also tries to be sensitive to regional differences. Table 8 shows the
regional distribution of loans between ... African Development Bank Group,
Effective Loans by Country, 1974-86 Total $ ' 000 21,166 52,135 102,926
158,737 ...
Стр.
... a geographically large and diverse constituency has not yet. 1This category
was created in 1976. Source: ADB Planning and Research Department. Compendium of
Statistics (1984). Source: African Development Bank Planning and Research.
Стр.
... African Development Bank. Of primary concern to the donors is procurement.
According to most of the extraregional executive directors, a major motivation
for their participation in the ADB is to try to increase that country's share
of ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. CHAPTER. 7. The. ADB. and. the. World. Bank. To promote
economic development in member states, the African Development Bank has worked
with numerous development organizations in Africa. These other organizations,
both ...
Стр.
... Bank and ADB is explored. What factors have propelled the WB and ADB into
interdependency? How has the ADB tried to lessen its dependency on the WB since
the 1980s? How has this affected interorganizational politics? Cofinancing ...
Стр.
... development, especially population growth. Thus although the two WB
statements contained some different provisions, they did provide an explicit
theory of African development and gave national decision makers a clear picture
of policies ...
Стр.
... ADB loan projects and policies advocated under implicit conditionality
(chapter 5) suggest that these conditions are remarkably compatible with World
Bank policies enunciated in Accelerated Development (World Bank, 1981a). The
funding ...
Стр.
... development. But many, based on their prior experience in national
government service, have become somewhat disillusioned with these precepts and
more sensitive to a variety of national, “uniquely African” approaches to
development ...
Стр.
... banks) that the ADB officials have at their disposal are vastly inferior to
the facilities at the World Bank. What these inadequacies mean is that ADB
“experts,” while they may have considerable practical experience, need to rely
on ...
Стр.
... development in Africa, the ADB has found it useful to cooperate with the
more experienced World Bank. As both the World Bank and ADB innovate outside of
project lending, the ADB, because of its legitimacy on the continent, serves as
a ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. CHAPTER. 8. The. ADB. and. Other. Development. Institutions.
African Development Bank's interactions with the World Bank have been most
frequent for the reasons elaborated in chapter 7. Table 12 reports ADB's
cofinancing ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. Reconstruction and Development (World Bank); IDA—International
Development Association; ISDB—Islamic Development Bank (Saudi Arabia);
IFAD—International Fund for Agricultural Development; IFC—International
Finance ...
Стр.
... Bank has a stated policy not to be identified with cross-conditionality;
assistance from institution should not be contingent on a country's meeting the
conditionality of ... African Development Bank is not yet an “equal partner”
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. The African Development Bank is not yet an “equal partner” with
the World Bank. For example, at the Seoul meeting of the World Bank in October
1985, the Baker Plan singled out the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB) ...
Стр.
... ADB secretary general has stated, he does not want the Bank to become “an
offshoot of the IMF and World Bank” (Brooke, 1987:14). Second, as the three
institutions (and other development organizations too) coordinate
interventionist ...
Стр.
... ADB another, with very little actual coordination between the two donors.
ADB's contacts with UN Development Program (UNDP), Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
are ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. ADB and the UN system agencies. At the UN Special Session on
Africa in May 1986, delegates adopted the UN Programme of Action for Africa's
Economic Recovery and Development (UN-PAAERD). The document produced at the ...
Стр.
... ADB's President N'Diaye presented his dramatic proposal for debt repayment
referred to earlier. But few African members attended; proposals were made,
decisions not forthcoming. These collaborations among the three institutions
have ...
Стр.
... Bank on a permanent basis, bilateral funding will in all likelihood decline.
These contributions represent funds above and beyond the regular contributions
donated by extraregional ADB members. Table 13 shows the total amount of ...
Стр.
... ADB was. Source: USAID, 1985, Project Grant Agreement between the African
Development Bank and the United States of America, AID Project No. 698-0434.
Sources: World Bank Annual Report (1986); Inter-American Development Bank
Annual.
Стр.
... ADB to develop and manage projects. Table 14 reports the subject allocation
of these funds. Three items are of particular interest. First, preinvestment
studies are to be conducted only for agricultural or rural development
projects ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. CHAPTER. 9. The. ADB's. Evaluation. Process. All of the
multilateral development banks including the African Development Bank have
instituted formal procedures of evaluation. These evaluations are designed to
serve multiple ...
Стр.
... Bank process, both post hoc evaluations and longer-term impact assessments
comprise evaluation. The African Development Bank initiated evaluation
procedures in 1977; in 1980 an evaluation division was formally created in the
Planning ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. USAID evaluation reads like a litany of errors in development
financing (ADB/USAID, 1980). As a result of the joint ADB/USAID evaluation, ADB
officials realized that their own performance was seriously deficient ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. In contrast, agriculture, water, and national development bank
projects have been among the least successful for the ADB. In fact prior to the
reemphasis on food crops in the mid-1980s, agricultural projects had the ...
Стр.
... African Development Fund and by its technical assistance contracts with
USAID, the ADB established evaluation machinery comparable in structures and
purposes to the other multilateral development banks. But contrary to stated ...
Стр.
Karen A. Mingst. CHAPTER. 10. Politics. in. the. Multilateral. Development.
Banks. In the first nine chapters, the African Development Bank is viewed as a
political institution in three arenas—relations within the ADB,
interorganizational ...
Стр.
... bank's three vice presidents, a German, aptly summarizes, “The one who has
the money calls the tunes. That's what ... African Development Bank is easily
explained by the low level of contributions and hence voting power. In the ...
Стр.
... Bank. Annual Report (1986); Asian Development Bank. Quarterly Procurement
Statistics (1987); ADB Planning and Research Department. Compendium of
Statistics (1987). Comparing Political Arenas in the Multilateral Development
Banks.
Стр.
... Development Bank procedures. Loans were given to Nepal, although the
borrower was known to be “technically bankrupt” (Clad, 1986b:60-61). Internal
investigations of these allegations have ... African Development Bank
evaluations.
Стр.
... development finance institutions—interorganizational politics may be
relatively less salient. Political controversy emanating from
intraorganizational sources has been relatively insignificant in the
Inter-American Development Bank at ...
Стр.
... Bank and the African Development Bank for supporting the best “most doable”
projects has forced the ADB to expand donor-funded preinvestment surveys, to
become more involved in shaping individual project proposals, and to submit ...
Стр.
... African Development Bank. London. 14 February. _____. 1979b. Report on
Consultations Held between the African Development Bank and Non-Regional States
Concerning Their Possible Membership in the Bank. Abidjan. February. _____.
1981a ...
Стр.
... Development Bank du Kenya et Tanzania Investment Bank (ADB/PLR/82/02).
_____. 1983. Energy Policy and Planning in ... African Development Bank in
Promoting Economic Development and Social Progress in Africa, by M.V. Mwamufiya.
May ...
Стр.
... Africa: Here's the Answer—Is It Relevant to the Question?” In Strategies for
African Development, ed. R.J. Berg and J. Whitaker, pp. 505-43. Berkeley: Univ.
of California Press. Bird, Kai, and Max Holland. 1985. “Nicaragua: No Friend
at ...
Стр.
... Bank and the African Development Bank.” Review of International Studies 13,
pp. 281-93. Mingst, Karen A., and Daniel Bon. 1980. “French Intervention in
Africa: Dependency or Decolonization.” Africa Today 27 (2): 5-20. Mingst, Karen
A ...
Стр.
... Bank. 1945. Articles of Agreement of the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development. Washington, D.C.: IBRD. _____. 1981a.
Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action. Report No.
3358. August. _____ ...
Стр.
... African Development Bank (ADB): African character of Agreement Establishing
the African Development Bank agricultural policy Arab/Islamic organizations,
relations with bilateral aid agencies, relations with board of governors ...
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POLITICS AND THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

Авторы: Karen A. Mingst
 

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