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Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and
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INTERNATIONAL POLICIES

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 * Bilateral cooperation
 * Transboundary EIA/SEA
 * G7 Nuclear Safety and Security Group (G7 NSSG)
 * International Nuclear Regulators Association (INRA)
 * OECD/NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency)
 * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
 * International conventions
 * IRRS mission to Germany
 * ARTEMIS missions 2019 and 2022 to Germany


BILATERAL COOPERATION

Germany has entered into bilateral agreements with eight neighbouring countries
(Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Switzerland and the
Czech Republic) on the exchange of information regarding nuclear installations
located in border regions. Regular and extensive contacts are cultivated between
Germany and Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech
Republic. Joint commissions and nuclear expert groups have been set up with
these countries. Annual consultations are held to discuss issues of nuclear
safety, emergency preparedness and radiation protection. Additional working
groups on nuclear safety and radiation protection respectively have been set up
in the context of cooperation with France, the Netherlands and Switzerland. In
these working groups, information on nuclear installations close to borders is
exchanged with a particular focus on the following subjects:

 * changes relevant for permits or technical changes to nuclear installations
   near borders
 * operating experience, especially concerning reportable events
 * regulatory development of safety requirements, especially regarding emergency
   preparedness measures in case of major incidents
 * General developments in nuclear safety, radiological protection, emergency
   preparedness and management of nuclear waste.

In addition to the cooperation with neighbouring countries, more than 50
agreements exist with other states. However, the establishment of a commission
is not necessarily required. Bilateral memoranda of understanding on the
exchange of information were, for example, arranged with Japan and Korea, and an
agreement on the exchange of information exists with China.

 * Bilateral nuclear safety cooperation topic


TRANSBOUNDARY EIA/SEA

Special instruments for international cooperation on environmental precautions
are the transboundary strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and the
transboundary environmental impact assessment (EIA). The EIA was established
under the Espoo Convention, the SEA is rooted in the UNECE Protocol on Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA Protocol) which was adopted later. These two
international treaties have been transposed into German national law by the
Environmental Impact Assessment Act (UVPG).

 * Aarhus Convention topic (in German)
 * RSS newsfeed transboundary environmental impact assessment external link
   overview (in German)

If a project may have a considerable environmental impacts on other countries,
the competent authority of the "state of origin" sends an early notification to
its counterparts in the other countries. If the competent authorities there are
not known, the notification is sent to the Espoo contacts of the countries in
question in order to inform them about the transboundary participation in EIA
processes. In Germany, pursuant to the UVPG, the competent authority for the
transboundary EIA or SEA is the same authority that would be responsible for a
similar procedure at national level. For example, the bodies responsible for
authorising a nuclear power plant are the competent Länder authorities.

To provide extensive information, the Federal Environment Ministry (BMUV)
website offers an overview of the EIA and SEA processes for transboundary
assessments for nuclear installations that involve German public participation.
For more information on the processes and details on public participation, click
on the linked pages of the competent authorities.

 * Public participation on nuclear installations and EIA/SEA procedures overview
   (in German)


G7 NUCLEAR SAFETY AND SECURITY GROUP (G7 NSSG)

In 1975, the main industrialised countries at the time created the Group of 7
(G7) to discuss issues of the global economy. The G7 comprises Germany, France,
the UK, Italy, Japan, Canada and the US. The Nuclear Safety and Security Group
(NSSG) is a permanent body of the G7 dealing with questions of nuclear safety.
The NSSG developed from the Nuclear Safety Working Group, established in 1992,
which mainly dealt with the safety of Eastern European nuclear reactors of
Russian design. In addition to the G7 countries, the European Commission, the
OECD/NEA, the IAEA and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development have
observer status in the NSSG. Due to Russia’s annexation of the Crimea in 2014,
Russia's previous participation in the G8 has been suspended.

 * The G7 Group topic


INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR REGULATORS ASSOCIATION (INRA)

The International Nuclear Regulators Association (INRA) was established in 1997.
INRA is comprised of representatives of the supreme regulatory authorities of
Germany, France, Japan, Canada, Spain, Sweden, the US, the UK and South Korea.
The chair rotates every year. INRA addresses issues of mutual interest and makes
recommendations with a view to further strengthening nuclear regulatory
authorities worldwide.


OECD/NEA (NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY)

The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is based in Paris and is a semi-autonomous
organisation within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD). The Federal Republic of Germany is a founding member of the OECD and
joined the NEA in 1958.

 * Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) topic


INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA)

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded in 1957 as an
autonomous intergovernmental organisation. It reports regularly to the United
Nations General Assembly and is required to directly contact the United Nations
Security Council if a threat to international safety is ascertained. Germany has
been a member of the IAEA since the organisation was founded in 1957.

 * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) topic


INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

The international community has established a range of multilateral conventions
in the fields of nuclear safety and nuclear security with a view to
strengthening international cooperation and setting international minimum
standards. These conventions regulate areas such as the protection of
international transports of nuclear material, liability, early notification and
mutual assistance in the event of nuclear accidents, nuclear safety requirements
and safety requirements for the treatment of spent fuel elements and radioactive
waste.

 * International Conventions overview


IRRS MISSION TO GERMANY

As part of its Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS), the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducts reviews of national nuclear regulatory
authorities. The IRRS should be regarded as an instrument of mutual learning for
national regulatory bodies throughout the world, with the aim of strengthening
nuclear regulatory infrastructure as a whole, thereby enhancing nuclear safety.
In the EU, such reviews must be carried out every ten years (Directive
2009/71/Euratom as amended by Directive 2014/87/Euratom). The first review of
the Federal Environment Ministry as the competent regulatory authority in
Germany took place in 2008 with a follow-up mission in 2011. A further review
took place in 2019 with a follow-up mission in 2023.

 * IRRS mission of the IAEA topic


ARTEMIS MISSIONS 2019 AND 2022 TO GERMANY

From 22 September 2019 to 4 October 2019, the first Integrated Review Service
for Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management, Decommissioning and Remediation
(ARTEMIS) took place in Germany at the request of the German government, in
particular the BMUV. The aim of the mission was an independent international
review of the National Waste Management Programme for the responsible and safe
disposal of radioactive waste. Germany has thus fulfilled its obligation under
Article 14 (3) of the Directive 2011/70/Euratom. The advice and recommendations
issued by the IAEA in 2019 were acted on and presented during the world’s first
ARTEMIS follow-up mission from 6 to 12 November 2022. The ARTEMIS team confirmed
that Germany has a mature legal and regulatory framework for the responsible and
safe management of radioactive waste and spent fuel elements, and in particular
highlighted how quickly Germany underwent the ARTEMIS follow-up mission, as the
first country in the world to do so.

Germany will invite the IAEA to conduct the next ARTEMIS mission in 2029.

 * Peer Review and Advisory Services Calendar | IAEA external website

Last updated: 04.01.2024


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