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Welcome to the United Nations
* عربي
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* About us
* About us
* Acknowledgements
* Databases
* Case Law Database
* Database of Legislation
* CNA Directory
* Request an Account
* Access CNA Directory
* Download CNA Directory
* Practical Guide for Requesting Electronic Evidence Across Borders
* Update Forms
* Bibliography Database
* Legislative Guide
* Treaties Database
* Strategies Database
* Education for Universities
* Tertiary
* Organized Crime
* Module 1: Definitions of Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Defining Organized Crime
* Definition in Convention
* Similarities & Differences
* Activities, Organization, Composition
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 1
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 2: Organizing the Commission of Crimes
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Legal Definitions of Organized Crimes
* Conspiracy
* Criminal Association
* Definitions in the Organized Crime Convention
*
* Criminal Organizations and Enterprise Laws
* Enabling Offence: Obstruction of Justice
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 2
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 3: Organized Crime Markets
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Drug Trafficking
* Firearms Trafficking
* Wildlife & Forest Crime
* Counterfeit Products Trafficking
* Falsified Medical Products
* Trafficking in Cultural Property
* Trafficking in Persons
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies & Exercises
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
*
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 3
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 4: Infiltration in Business & Government
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Extortion
* Extortion Racketeering
* Loansharking
* Links to Corruption
* Bribery versus Extortion
* Money-Laundering
* Liability of Legal Persons
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies & Exercises
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 4
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 5: Measuring Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* How much Organized Crime is there?
* Alternative Ways for Measuring
* Measuring Product Markets
* Risk Assessment
* Key Concepts of Risk Assessment
* Risk Assessment of Organized Crime Groups
* Risk Assessment of Product Markets
* Risk Assessment in Practice
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 5
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 6: Causes and Facilitating Factors
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Positivism: Environmental Influences
* Classical: Pain-Pleasure Decisions
* Structural Factors
* Ethical Perspective
* Crime Causes & Facilitating Factors
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 6
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 7: Models of Organized Criminal Groups
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Models and Structure
* Hierarchical Model
* Local, Cultural Model
* Enterprise or Business Model
* Groups vs Activities
* Networked Structure
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 7
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 8: Law Enforcement Tools
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Jurisdiction
* Investigators of Organized Crime
* Special Investigative Techniques
* Controlled Deliveries
* Physical & Electronic Surveillance
* Undercover Operations
* Financial Analysis
* Use of Informants
* Rights of Victims & Witnesses
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies & Exercises
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 8
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 9: Prosecution Strategies
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Role of Prosecutors
* Adversarial vs Inquisitorial Legal Systems
* Mitigating Punishment
* Granting Immunity from Prosecution
* Witness Protection
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 9
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 10: Sentencing and Confiscation
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Aggravating & Mitigating Factors
* Sentencing Options
* Alternatives to Imprisonment
* Death Penalty & Organized Crime
* Backgrounds of Convicted Offenders
* Confiscation
* Confiscation in Practice
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies & Exercises
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Role Play
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 10
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 11: International Cooperation
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA)
* Extradition
* Transfer of Criminal Proceedings
* Transfer of Sentenced Persons
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Thinking Critically Through Fiction
* Excerpts of Legislation
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 11
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 12: Crime Prevention Typologies and Organized Crime Approaches
* Introduction and Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Definition of Crime Prevention and Terminology
* Key Crime Prevention Typologies
* Crime Problem-solving approaches
* What works
* Organized Crime Approaches
* Beyond the three non-traditional approaches
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review and Assessment Questions
* Quiz 12
* Research and Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 13: Cyber Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Cyber Organized Crime: What is it?
* Conceptualizing Organized Crime & Defining Actors Involved
* Criminal Groups Engaging in Cyber Organized Crime
* Cyber Organized Crime Activities
* Preventing & Countering Cyber Organized Crime
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 14: Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Adoption of Organized Crime Convention
* Historical Context
* Features of the Convention
* Protocols
* Related international instruments
* UNODC
* Conference of the Parties
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Case Studies & Exercises
* MUN Simulation
* Format
* Roles of Participants
* Structure and Flow
* Recommended Topics
* Background Materials
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review & Assessment Questions
* Quiz 14
* Research & Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 15: Gender and Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* What is Sex / Gender / Intersectionality?
* Knowledge about Gender in Organized Crime
* Gender and Organized Crime
* Gender and Different Types of Organized Crime
* Summary
* References
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 16: Linkages between Organized Crime and Terrorism
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Definitions and Terminology
* Organized crime and Terrorism - International Legal Framework
* International Terrorism-related Conventions
* UNSC Resolutions on Terrorism
* Organized Crime Convention and its Protocols
* Theoretical Frameworks on Linkages between Organized Crime and
Terrorism
* Typologies of Criminal Behaviour Associated with Terrorism
* Terrorism and Drug Trafficking
* Terrorism and Trafficking in Weapons
* Terrorism, Crime and Trafficking in Cultural Property
* Trafficking in Persons and Terrorism
* Intellectual Property Crime and Terrorism
* Kidnapping for Ransom and Terrorism
* Exploitation of Natural Resources and Terrorism
* Summary
* References
* Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Review and Assessment Questions
* Quiz 16
* Research and Independent Study Questions
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Trafficking in Persons & Smuggling of Migrants
* Teaching Guide
* Module 1: Migrant Smuggling as a Specific Crime Type
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Criminalization of Smuggling of Migrants
* UNTOC & the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants
* Offences under the Protocol
* Financial & Other Material Benefits
* Aggravating Circumstances
* Criminal Liability
* Non-Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants
* Scope of the Protocol
* Humanitarian Exemption
* Jurisdiction
* Migrant Smuggling v. Irregular Migration
* Migrant Smuggling vis-a-vis Other Crime Types
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 2: Protection of Rights of Smuggled Migrants
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Assistance and Protection in the Protocol
* International Human Rights and Refugee Law
* Vulnerable groups
* Positive and Negative Obligations of the State
* Identification of Smuggled Migrants
* Participation in Legal Proceedings
* Role of Non-Governmental Organizations
* Smuggled Migrants & Other Categories of Migrants
* Short-, Mid- and Long-Term Measures
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 3: Criminal Justice Response to Migrant Smuggling
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Criminal Justice Reponse: Scope
* Investigative & Prosecutorial Approaches
* Different Relevant Actors & Their Roles
* Testimonial Evidence
* Financial Investigations
* Media
* Non-Governmental Organizations
* ‘Outside the Box’ Methodologies
* Intra- and Inter-Agency Coordination
* Admissibility of Evidence
* Sentencing
* International Cooperation
* Exchange of Information
* Training
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 4: Prevention and Non-Criminal Justice Responses to Migrant
Smuggling
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Non-Criminal Law Relevant to Smuggling of Migrants
* Administrative Approach
* Complementary Activities & Role of Non-criminal Justice Actors
* Macro-Perspective in Addressing Smuggling of Migrants
* Human Security
* International Aid and Cooperation
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 5: Smuggling of Migrants in the Broader Context of Migration
and its Drivers
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Migration & Migrant Smuggling
* Mixed Migration Flows
* Social Politics of Migrant Smuggling
* Vulnerability
* Profile of Smugglers
* Role of Organized Criminal Groups
* Humanitarianism, Security and Migrant Smuggling
* Exercises
* Additional Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 6: Defining the Concept of Trafficking in Persons
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Crime of Trafficking in Persons
* International Legal Framework
* The Issue of Consent
* The Purpose of Exploitation
* The abuse of a position of vulnerability
* Indicators of Trafficking in Persons
* Distinction between Trafficking in Persons and Other Crimes
* Misconceptions Regarding Trafficking in Persons
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 7: Prevention of Trafficking in Persons
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Root Causes
* Supply Side Prevention Strategies
* Demand Side Prevention Strategies
* Role of the Media
* Safe Migration Channels
* Crime Prevention Strategies
* Monitoring, Evaluating & Reporting on Effectiveness of Prevention
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 8: Human Rights-Based Approach to Trafficking in Persons
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Trafficked Persons as Victims
* Protection under the Protocol against Trafficking in Persons
* Broader International Framework
* State Responsibility for Trafficking in Persons
* Identification of Victims
* Principle of Non-Criminalization of Victims
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 9: Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in Persons
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Criminal Justice Duties Imposed on States
* Role of the Criminal Justice System
* Current Low Levels of Prosecutions and Convictions
* Challenges to an Effective Criminal Justice Response
* Rights of Victims to Justice and Protection
* Potential Strategies to “Turn the Tide”
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 10: Role of Civil Society and the Private Sector in Countering
Trafficking in Persons
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* State Cooperation with Civil Society
* Civil Society Actors
* The Private Sector
* The Public
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 11: SOM & TIP - Differences and Commonalities
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Comparing SOM and TIP
* Differences and Commonalities
* Vulnerability and Continuum between SOM & TIP
* When Theory Meets Practice: SOM or TIP?
* Labour Exploitation
* Forced Marriage
* Other Examples
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 12: Children as Smuggled Migrants & Victims of Trafficking
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Children on the Move
* Protecting Smuggled and Trafficked Children
* Protection in Practice
* Children Alleged as Having Committed Smuggling or Trafficking
Offences
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 13: Gender Dimensions of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling
of Migrants
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Basic Terms - Gender and Gender Stereotypes
* International Legal Frameworks and Definitions of TIP and SOM
* Global Overview on TIP and SOM
* Gender and Migration
* Key Debates in the Scholarship on TIP and SOM
* Gender and TIP and SOM Offenders
* Responses to TIP and SOM
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 14: Links between Cybercrime, Trafficking in Persons and
Smuggling of Migrants
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Use of Technology to Facilitate TIP and SOM
* Technology Facilitating Trafficking in Persons
* Technology in Smuggling of Migrants
* Using Technology to Prevent and Combat TIP and SOM
* Privacy and Data Concerns
* Emerging Trends
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Other Resources
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Firearms
* Module 1: Introduction to Firearms
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Framing the Issue of Firearms
* Direct Impact of Firearms
* Indirect Impacts of Firearms on States or Communities
* International and National Responses
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 2: Basics on Firearms and Ammunition
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Typology and Classification of Firearms
* Common Firearms Types
* Other Types of Firearms
* Parts and Components
* Ammunition
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 3: Legal Market in Firearms
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* History of the Legitimate Arms Market
* Need for a Legitimate Market
* Key Actors in the Legitimate Market
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 4: Illicit Market in Firearms
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Authorized & Unauthorized Arms Transfers
* Illegal Firearms in Social, Cultural & Political Context
* Supply, Demand & Criminal Motivations
* Larger Scale Firearms Trafficking Activities
* Smaller Scale Trafficking Activities
* Sources of Illicit Firearms
* Consequences of Illicit Markets
* Summary
* References
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 5: International Legal Framework on Firearms
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International Public Law & Transnational Law
* International Instruments with Global Outreach
* Commonalities, Differences & Complementarity between Global
Instruments
* Tools to Support Implementation of Global Instruments
* Other United Nations Processes
* The Sustainable Development Goals
* Multilateral & Regional Instruments
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 6: National Regulations on Firearms
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Scope of National Firearms Regulations
* National Firearms Strategies & Action Plans
* Harmonization of National Legislation with International Firearms
Instruments
* Assistance for Development of National Firearms Legislation
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 7: Firearms, Terrorism and Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Firearms Trafficking as a Cross-Cutting Element
* Organized Crime and Organized Criminal Groups
* Criminal Gangs
* Terrorist Groups
* Interconnections between Organized Criminal Groups & Terrorist
Groups
* Gangs - Organized Crime & Terrorism: An Evolving Continuum
* International Response
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 8: Criminal Justice Response
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International and National Legal Framework
* Firearms Related Offences
* Role of Law Enforcement
* Firearms as Evidence
* Use of Special Investigative Techniques
* International Cooperation and Information Exchange
* Prosecution and Adjudication of Firearms Trafficking
* Summary
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Cybercrime
* Teaching Guide
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* Module 1: Introduction to Cybercrime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Basics of Computing
* Global Connectivity and Technology Usage Trends
* Cybercrime in Brief
* Cybercrime Trends
* Cybercrime Prevention
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 2: General Types of Cybercrime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Offences against computer data and systems
* Computer-related offences
* Content-related offences
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 3: Legal Frameworks and Human Rights
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* The Role of Cybercrime Law
* Harmonization of Laws
* International and Regional Instruments
* International Human Rights and Cybercrime Law
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 4: Introduction to Digital Forensics
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Digital Evidence
* Digital Forensics
* Standards and Best Practices for Digital Forensics
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 5: Cybercrime Investigation
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Reporting Cybercrime
* Who Conducts Cybercrime Investigations?
* Obstacles to Cybercrime Investigations
* Knowledge Management
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 6: Practical Aspects of Cybercrime Investigations & Digital
Forensics
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Legal and Ethical Obligations
* Handling of Digital Evidence
* Digital Evidence Admissibility
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 7: International Cooperation against Cybercrime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Sovereignty and Jurisdiction
* Formal International Cooperation Mechanisms
* Informal International Cooperation Mechanisms
* Data Retention, Preservation and Access
* Challenges Relating to Extraterritorial Evidence
* National Capacity and International Cooperation
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 8: Cybersecurity & Cybercrime Prevention - Strategies,
Policies & Programmes
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Internet Governance
* Cybersecurity Strategies: Basic Features
* National Cybersecurity Strategies
* International Cooperation on Cybersecurity Matters
* Cybersecurity Posture
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 9: Cybersecurity & Cybercrime Prevention - Practical
Applications & Measures
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Assets, Vulnerabilities and Threats
* Risk
* Vulnerability Disclosure
* Cybersecurity Measures and Usability
* Situational Crime Prevention
* Incident Detection, Response, Recovery & Preparedness
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 10: Privacy and Data Protection
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Privacy: What it is and Why it is Important
* Privacy and Security
* Cybercrime that Compromises Privacy
* Data Protection Legislation
* Data Breach Notification Laws
* Enforcement of Privacy and Data Protection Laws
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 11: Cyber-Enabled Intellectual Property Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Intellectual Property: What it is
* Types of Intellectual Property
* Causes for Cyber-Enabled Copyright & Trademark Offences
* Protection & Prevention Efforts
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 12: Interpersonal Cybercrime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
* Cyberstalking and Cyberharassment
* Cyberbullying
* Gender-Based Interpersonal Cybercrime
* Interpersonal Cybercrime Prevention
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 13: Cyber Organized Crime
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Cyber Organized Crime: What is it?
* Conceptualizing Organized Crime & Defining Actors Involved
* Criminal Groups Engaging in Cyber Organized Crime
* Cyber Organized Crime Activities
* Preventing & Countering Cyber Organized Crime
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 14: Hacktivism, Terrorism, Espionage, Disinformation Campaigns
& Warfare in Cyberspace
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Hacktivism
* Cyberespionage
* Cyberterrorism
* Cyberwarfare
* Information Warfare, Disinformation & Electoral Fraud
* Responses to Cyberinterventions
* Conclusion
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Wildlife Crime
* Module 1: Illicit Markets for Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries Products
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Demand and Consumption
* Data
* Supply and Demand
* Implications of Wildlife Trafficking
* Legal and Illegal Markets
* Perpetrators and their Networks
* Locations and Activities relating to Wildlife Trafficking
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 2: International Frameworks for Combating Wildlife Trafficking
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Environmental Protection & Conservation
* CITES & the International Trade in Endangered Species
* Organized Crime & Corruption
* Animal Welfare
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 3: Criminal Justice Responses to Wildlife Trafficking
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Criminal Justice Actors and Agencies
* Criminalization of Wildlife Trafficking
* Challenges for Law Enforcement
* Investigation Measures and Detection Methods
* DNA
* Prosecution and Judiciary
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 4: Illegal Exploitation of Wild Flora
* Introduction and Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Wild Flora as the Target of Illegal Trafficking
* Purposes for which Wild Flora is Illegally Targeted
* How is it Done and Who is Involved?
* Consequences of Harms to Wild Flora
* Criminal Justice Responses
* References
* Exercises
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Module 5: Sustainable Livelihoods and Community Engagement
* Introduction and Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Terminology
* Background: Communities and conservation: A history of
disenfranchisement
* Incentives for communities to get involved in illegal wildlife
trafficking: the cost of conservation
* Incentives to participate in illegal wildlife, logging and
fishing economies
* International and regional responses that fight wildlife
trafficking while supporting IPLCs
* Mechanisms for incentivizing community conservation and reducing
wildlife trafficking
* Critiques of community engagement
* Other challenges posed by wildlife trafficking that affect local
populations
* References
* Exercises
* Possible Class Structure
* Additional Teaching Tools
* Counter-Terrorism
* Teaching Guide
* Module 1: Introduction to International Terrorism
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Brief History of Terrorism
* 19th Century Terrorism
* League of Nations & Terrorism
* United Nations & Terrorism
* Terrorist Victimization
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 2: Conditions Conducive to Spread of Terrorism
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Radicalization & Violent Extremism
* Preventing & Countering Violent Extremism
* Drivers of Violent Extremism
* International Approaches to PVE &CVE
* Regional & Multilateral Approaches
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 3: International Counter-Terrorism Legal Framework
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Defining Rule of Law
* UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
* International Cooperation & UN CT Strategy
* Legal Sources & UN CT Strategy
* Regional & National Approaches
* International Legal Frameworks
* International Human Rights Law
* International Humanitarian Law
* International Refugee Law
* Current Challenges to International Legal Framework
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 4: Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Defining Terrorism
* Criminal Justice Responses
* Treaty-based Crimes of Terrorism
* Core International Crimes
* International Courts and Tribunals
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 5: Regional Counter-Terrorism Approaches
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* African Region
* Inter-American Region
* Asian Region
* European Region
* Middle East & Gulf Regions
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 6: Military / Armed Conflict Approaches
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Core Principles of IHL
* Categorization of Armed Conflict
* Classification of Persons
* IHL, Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism
* Relationship between IHL & intern. human rights law
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 7: Counter-Terrorism & Situations of Public Emergency
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Limitations Permitted by Human Rights Law
* Derogation during Public Emergency
* Examples of States of Emergency & Derogations
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 8: Right to Life
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International Human Rights Instruments
* Regional Human Rights Instruments
* International Humanitarian Law
* Extra-territorial Application of Right to Life
* Arbitrary Deprivation of Life
* Death Penalty
* Enforced Disappearances
* Armed Conflict Context
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 9: Prohibition against Torture et al.
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
* Convention against Torture et al.
* Regional Human Rights Instruments
* International Humanitarian Law
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 10: Arrest & Detention
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International Legal Framework
* International Human Rights Instruments
* Regional Human Rights Instruments
* Key Contemporary Issues
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 11: Right to a Fair Trial
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International Legal Framework
* Regional Human Rights Instruments
* Key Contemporary Issues
* Investigative Phase
* Trial & Sentencing Phase
* Armed Conflict
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Exercises
* Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 12: Privacy, Investigative Techniques & Intelligence Gathering
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* International Legal Framework
* Regional & National Approaches
* Key Contemporary Issues
* Special Investigative Techniques
* Surveillance & Interception of Communications
* Privacy & Intelligence Gathering in Armed Conflict
* Accountability & Oversight of Intelligence Gathering
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 13: Non-Discrimination & Fundamental Freedoms
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Principle of Non-Discrimination
* Freedom of Religion
* Freedom of Expression
* Freedom of Assembly
* Freedom of Association
* Fundamental Freedoms
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 14: Victims of Terrorism
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Definition of 'Victim'
* Effects of Terrorism
* Access to Justice
* Recognition of the Victim
* Legal Framework
* Human Rights Instruments
* International Human Rights Law
* Regional Human Rights Instruments
* Criminal Justice Mechanisms
* Instruments for Victims of Terrorism
* National Approaches
* Key Challenges in Securing Reparation
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Module 16: Linkages between Organized Crime and Terrorism
* Module 15: Contemporary Issues of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism
* Introduction & Learning Outcomes
* Key Issues
* Topic 1. Contemporary issues relating to conditions conducive
both to the spread of terrorism and the rule of law
* Topic 2. Contemporary issues relating to the right to life
* Topic 3. Contemporary issues relating to foreign terrorist
fighters
* Topic 4. Contemporary issues relating to non-discrimination and
fundamental freedoms
* Exercises & Case Studies
* Possible Class Structure
* Core Reading
* Advanced Reading
* Student Assessment
* Additional Teaching Tools
* References
* Tools & Resources
* Related resources
* Electronic Evidence Hub
* Newsletter archive
* Organized Crime Strategy Toolkit
* Contribute
* Contact us
* Contact us
* Feedback survey
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ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE HUB
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THE SHERLOC PORTAL IS AN INITIATIVE TO FACILITATE THE DISSEMINATION OF
INFORMATION REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION
AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME, THE THREE PROTOCOLS THERETO AND THE
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK AGAINST TERRORISM.
LEGISLATION DATABASE
Legislation implementing the Organized Crime Convention, the Protocols thereto
and the international legal framework against terrorism and addressing specific
forms of organized crime and relevant "cross cutting" issues
/cld/v3/sherloc/legdb/index.html?lng=en
CASE LAW DATABASE
Case summaries of judicial decisions relating to organized crime and terrorism
/cld/v3/sherloc/cldb/index.html?lng=en
CNA DIRECTORY
Directory of central and competent national authorities designated for
international cooperation in criminal matters
/cld/en/v3/sherloc/cnadir/index.html
TREATIES DATABASE
Bilateral and multilateral treaties concerning organized crime and terrorism,
including information on the adherence status of each instrument
/cld/v3/sherloc/treaties/index.html?lng=en#?mv=signatures&v=results
STRATEGIES DATABASE
National and regional strategies to prevent and combat organized crime and
terrorism
/cld/v3/sherloc/strategies/index.html?lng=en
REVMOD
Access to the secure module used for the Mechanism for the Review of the
Implementation of the Organized Crime Convention and the Protocols thereto
https://revmod.unodc.org
BIBLIOGRAPHY DATABASE
Bibliographic data of publications relating to organized crime and terrorism
/cld/v3/sherloc/bibdb/index.html?lng=en
LEGISLATIVE GUIDE
A web version of UNODC’s Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the United
Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2017)
/cld/v3/sherloc/legislative-guide/index.html?lng=en
EDUCATION FOR UNIVERSITIES (EDU4U)
A series of education materials to support lecturers in teaching on crime
related thematic areas.
/cld/en/education/index.html
NEWSLETTER
ACCESS THE ARCHIVE
/cld/en/st/newsletter-archive.html
SUBSCRIBE TO SHERLOC NEWSLETTER
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SHERLOC is made possible through the generous support of the governments of
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Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and the United States of America.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
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