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October 31 2021


ADD A WEBSOCKET ROUTE TO YOUR FLASK 2.X APPLICATION

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Flask, Programming, Python.

The WebSocket protocol was standardized 10 years ago (in 2011, can you believe
it?) so I'm sure for many of it you does not need an introduction. But in case
you are not familiar with it, WebSocket is an extension to the HTTP protocol
that provides a permanent, bi-directional communication channel between a client
and the server, where both sides can send and receive data in real time, free of
the constraints of the request/response cycle of HTTP.

Flask, being a minimalist web framework, does not have WebSocket support
built-in. The old Flask-Sockets extension, which has not been maintained in the
last few years, provided support for this protocol. My own Flask-SocketIO
extension has also been a favorite, but this is Socket.IO, which is a more
complex protocol that combines WebSocket and HTTP.

The good news is that if you are using Flask 2 you now have a new extension
(also created by myself) called Flask-Sock, which provides modern WebSocket
support for your application. In this article I'm going to show you how to work
with this extension.

This article was voted by my supporters on Patreon. Would you like to support my
work, and as a thank you be able to vote on my future articles and also have
access to a chat room where I hang out? Become a Patron!

2 COMMENTS

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October 3 2021


ACCEPT CREDIT CARD PAYMENTS IN FLASK WITH STRIPE CHECKOUT

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Programming, Flask, Python.

In this article I'm going to show you how to implement an order page for your
Flask application that you can use to sell products or services online. The
solution I'm going to present to you uses Stripe Checkout, a secure and easy to
use credit card charging service that integrates nicely with Flask.

This article was voted by my supporters on Patreon. Would you like to support my
work, and as a thank you be able to vote on my future articles and also have
access to a chat room where I hang out and answer questions? Become a Patron!

4 COMMENTS

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September 1 2021


OPTIMIZING SLOW SQL QUERIES

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Database, Programming.

Most database problems go unnoticed during development, because we tend to code
our applications using small datasets. It is when the application has been on
production for some time that database performance issues start to appear,
causing parts of the application to become slower and slower as the database
continues to grow.

How do you debug and identify this type of problems? In this article I'm going
to show you how to fix the most common database performance problems, which are
those that are caused by improper indexing. Examples for Postgres, MySQL and
SQLite are included!

This article was voted by my supporters on Patreon. Would you like to support my
work, and as a thank you be able to vote on my future articles and have access
to a chat room where I hang out and answer questions? Become a Patron!

3 COMMENTS

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July 29 2021


HOW TO WRITE UNIT TESTS IN PYTHON, PART 3: WEB APPLICATIONS

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Programming, Python.

This is the third part in my series about unit testing Python applications. In
this article I'm going to show you some of the techniques I use when I work with
Python web applications. For the examples in this article I will be using the
Flask framework (I know, what a surprise!), but the concepts I'll show you are
universal and can be applied to other frameworks as well.

While this is the first article in the series that covers web applications, I
will be applying many of the ideas and solutions I shared in the first and
second parts, so be sure to check those out first, even if you are only
interested in web applications.

7 COMMENTS

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July 14 2021


FLASK MEGA-TUTORIAL UPDATE: FLASK 2.0 AND MORE!

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Flask, Python, Programming.

I'm excited to share that I've completed a revision of the Flask Mega-Tutorial
to keep it in line with new releases of Flask, Python and third-party
dependencies.





To celebrate this update, you can purchase the paid version of this course with
a $10 USD discount (this offer is valid through the rest of July 2021). If you
are interested in this offer, use the FLASK2 promotional code at checkout, or
click here to go directly to the order page with the coupon added. Thank you!

27 COMMENTS

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June 27 2021


BEAUTIFUL INTERACTIVE TABLES FOR YOUR FLASK TEMPLATES

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Flask, Programming, Python.

Rendering a table with data in a Flask template is a relatively simple task when
the table is short, but can be incredibly hard for larger tables that require
features such as sorting, pagination and searching. In this article I'm going to
show you how to integrate the dataTables.js library in your templates, which
will allow you to create fully featured tables with ease!



33 COMMENTS

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June 13 2021


HOW TO DOCKERIZE A REACT + FLASK PROJECT

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Python, JavaScript, Flask, Programming, Docker,
React.

This is the fourth article in my series about working with a combined Flask and
React project. In this part I'm going to cover how to deploy the application in
Docker containers.



21 COMMENTS

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May 17 2021


DYNAMICALLY UPDATE YOUR FLASK WEB PAGES USING TURBO-FLASK

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Flask, Programming, Python.

How can you update a part of a web page dynamically, without the user having to
hit the refresh button on the browser?

This is a question that is frequently asked on the Internet. If you have some
knowledge of JavaScript this is relatively easy to do, more so if you use a
front end web framework such as React or Vue. But what if you have a standard
web application written in Flask and Jinja templates?

In this article I'm going to introduce you to my Turbo-Flask extension, which
will allow your Flask application to easily push asynchronous page updates to
the browser, without having to write any JavaScript code. In the screenshot
below, note how the CPU load numbers update without the user doing anything.





34 COMMENTS

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April 6 2021


HOW TO WRITE UNIT TESTS IN PYTHON, PART 2: GAME OF LIFE

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Programming, Python.

This is the second part of my series on unit testing Python applications. In
this article I will introduce you to Conway's Game of Life, an interesting
simulation that plays animated patterns on a grid.





My implementation of this game has an engine part, where the data structures and
algorithm of the simulation are implemented, and a graphical user interface
(GUI) part. In this article I will focus on testing the engine (testing GUIs
will be covered in a future article).

Testing this code will present us with a few new challenges. In this article you
will learn about the following topics:

 * Test parametrization
 * Building test matrices
 * Basic mocking
 * Testing Python exceptions

11 COMMENTS

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February 17 2021


HOW TO WRITE UNIT TESTS IN PYTHON, PART 1: FIZZ BUZZ

Posted by Miguel Grinberg under Python, Programming.

Today I'm starting a new series of articles about a topic that does not get a
lot of coverage: how to write Python unit tests. Unlike other testing tutorials,
I'm going to focus on testing techniques more than on the testing tools
themselves. The idea is that in each part of this series I will look at a
particular piece of code and discuss the challenges it presents from a testing
point of view and how to address them.

In this first part I'm going to introduce the testing set up that I use in my
projects, which is based on pytest. Then I will show you how to write unit tests
for an implementation of the popular fizz buzz game that is frequently the
subject of coding interview exercises.

20 COMMENTS

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FLASK WEB DEVELOPMENT, 2ND EDITION

If you want to learn modern web development techniques with Python and Flask,
you may find the second edition of my O'Reilly book useful:






ABOUT MIGUEL

Welcome to my blog!

I'm a software engineer, photographer and filmmaker, currently living in
Drogheda, Ireland.

You can also find me on Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Github and Twitter.

Thank you for visiting!


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