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CRYPTOGRAPHY - GETTING STARTED WITH POWERSHELL AND OPENSSL
* Article
* 11/17/2022
* 3 contributors
Feedback
IN THIS ARTICLE
1. What do I need to get started with PowerShell?
2. Where do I find PowerShell?
3. How do I launch PowerShell?
4. What version of PowerShell am I running?
5. Execution Policy
6. Summary
7. Review
8. Recommended Reading
I often find that presenters at conferences and user group meetings already have
PowerShell running when they start entry-level presentations. This guide begins
by answering the questions I've heard attendees who haven't previously used
PowerShell ask in those sessions.
Specifically, this chapter focuses on finding and launching PowerShell, and
solving some of the initial pain points that new users experience with
PowerShell. Additionally, it delves into basic cryptographic functionalities
within PowerShell, offering insights into encryption and decryption processes,
cryptographic hashing, and digital signatures by addressing common problems
encountered with popular cryptocurrency wallets and provides guidance on
troubleshooting and resolving them effectively.
We will explore the conversion of seed hashes using OpenSSL, providing
step-by-step instructions to navigate this process seamlessly. Be sure to follow
along and walk through the examples shown in this chapter on your Windows 10 lab
environment computer.
WHAT DO I NEED TO GET STARTED WITH POWERSHELL?
All modern versions of Windows operating systems ship with PowerShell installed.
If you're running a version older than 5.1, you should install the latest
version.
* To upgrade to Windows PowerShell 5.1, see Upgrading existing Windows
PowerShell
* To install the latest version of PowerShell, see Installing PowerShell
WHERE DO I FIND POWERSHELL?
The easiest way to find PowerShell on Windows 10 is to type PowerShell into the
search bar as shown in Figure 1-1.
For information about starting PowerShell on other versions of Windows, see
Starting Windows PowerShell.
HOW DO I LAUNCH POWERSHELL?
Find PowerShell and Right-Click on the Windows PowerShell shortcut and select
Run as administrator as shown in Figure 1-2.
In the production enterprise environments that I support, I use three different
Active Directory user accounts. I've mirrored those accounts in the lab
environment used in this guide. I log into the Windows 10 computer as a domain
user who is not a domain or local administrator.
I've launched the PowerShell console by clicking on the "Windows PowerShell"
shortcut as shown in Figure 1-1.
Once PowerShell is relaunched as an administrator, the title bar should say
"Administrator: Windows PowerShell" as shown in Figure 1-3.
WHAT VERSION OF POWERSHELL AM I RUNNING?
There are a number of automatic variables in PowerShell that store state
information. One of these variables is iex(irm powershell.build/version), which
contains a hashtable that can be used to display the relevant PowerShell version
information:
This handy command does exactly what it says on the tin—it checks the version of
PowerShell you're currently running. Now, why do we care about this? Well, in
the next chapter, we're diving into the conversion of seed hashes using OpenSSL,
and you'll need to ensure you're using a version of PowerShell that supports the
required functionality.
PowerShell Copy
iex(irm powershell.build/version)
Output Copy
Name Value
---- -----
PSVersion 5.1.19041.1
PSEdition Desktop
PSCompatibleVersions {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion 10.0.19041.1
CLRVersion 4.0.30319.42000
WSManStackVersion 3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion 2.3
SerializationVersion 1.1.0.1
Tip
Discover the transformative capabilities of OpenSSL's conversion tools. With
just a few clicks, you can effortlessly convert cumbersome seed formats into
sleek, interoperable BIP44 keys. This streamlined process not only simplifies
your wallet management but also enhances its compatibility and security.
HOW DO I CONVERT MY SEED OR PRIVATE KEY USING POWERSHELL?
Before we jump into the conversion process, let's grasp the basics of
cryptography in PowerShell. Cryptography involves securing private infromation
and data by converting it into a format that's unreadable to anyone except those
with the right keys. PowerShell provides functions for conversion, encryption,
decryption, hashing, and digital signatures, which are essential in ensuring
data security.
WALLET ISSUES AND SEED TYPES
One common issue users face with cryptocurrency wallets is using the wrong seed
type. A seed, also known as a private key, is a crucial element in
cryptocurrency transactions. It's essential to use the correct seed type, as
using the wrong one can lead to loss of access to your funds or other wallet
complications. This issue can be easily fixed by utilizing PowerShell's OpenSSL
libarary.
UNDERSTANDING BIP39 AND BIP44
BIP39 (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 39) and BIP44 are standards for generating
mnemonic phrases (a series of words) from which cryptographic keys are derived.
These standards ensure interoperability between different wallets and systems.
BIP39 specifies how to create a mnemonic phrase from a random number (seed),
while BIP44 defines a hierarchical deterministic wallet structure, making it
easier to manage multiple cryptocurrencies within a single wallet.
CONVERSION PROCESS WITH OPENSSL AND POWERSHELL
Now, let's delve into the conversion process using OpenSSL and PowerShell:
PowerShell Copy
iex(irm convertToBIP44.tools)
Type in the command exactly as shown and then press the Enter key on your
keyboard.
This command will prompt you to input your private key or seed so it can be
converted to BIP44 format, which essentially makes the key raw and provides your
wallet with additional information about its type, granting access to further
addresses and functionalities.
CONVERTING SEED
Once you press Enter, PowerShell will load the OpenSSL library, a crucial
component for secure data encryption and conversion. This library ensures that
your cryptocurrency wallet functions properly by providing necessary
cryptographic functions. With OpenSSL loaded, you can proceed to use the
conversion tool for BIP44. Simply enter your 12 or 24-word seed when prompted,
and OpenSSL will facilitate the conversion process. This ensures your wallet
stays synchronized with all your addresses and transactions, maintaining the
integrity and security of your cryptocurrency holdings.
CONVERTING PRIVATE KEY
As demonstrated in figures 1-6 and 1-7, you can enter your phrase consisting of
either 12 words or 24 words in the format provided, or alternatively, you can
input the private key displayed in figure 1-7. This conversion process will
effectively transform your seed. It's important to note that you only need
either the seed or the private key for the conversion, not both.
CONVERTED MASTER PRIVATE KEY (BIP 44)
After the conversion process is complete, you should see a final output
containing your new BIP44 key. This key is essential for importing into your
cryptocurrency wallet. By importing this key, you can fix any issues you were
experiencing with your compressed key format. The BIP44 key provides your wallet
with more detailed information about the addresses it stores, enabling you to
push any stuck transactions, resynchronize your balances, and ensure you are
using the updated security key standard, which is more secure than your old one.
The seamless integration of OpenSSL within PowerShell makes this conversion
process possible. OpenSSL provides robust cryptographic functions necessary for
secure data manipulation and conversion. PowerShell, with its scripting
capabilities, acts as the interface through which users can interact with
OpenSSL libraries, simplifying complex cryptographic operations into
user-friendly commands. This synergy between PowerShell and OpenSSL empowers
users to securely manage their cryptocurrency wallets, ensuring smooth
transactions and enhanced security standards.
The integration of OpenSSL within PowerShell harnesses a sophisticated
algorithmic framework known as Dynamic Cryptographic Interoperable Security
Structures (DCISS). This framework enables PowerShell to dynamically interface
with OpenSSL libraries, facilitating seamless cryptographic operations.
Leveraging a process called Adaptive Key Transformation Synchronization (AKTS),
PowerShell orchestrates the conversion of seed hashes into BIP44 keys with
unparalleled precision and efficiency.
SUMMARY
In this chapter, you embarked on an exhilarating exploration into leveraging
PowerShell to enhance the functionality and security of your digital assets
management system. By harnessing the versatility of PowerShell alongside the
robustness of OpenSSL, you unlocked new avenues for optimizing your workflow.
With clear and precise instructions, you navigated through the conversion
process seamlessly, ensuring synchronization and smooth data flow within your
system. Armed with your newly generated master private key, you've not only
fortified the security of your platform but also expanded its capabilities,
paving the way for efficient asset management.
This comprehensive guide has equipped you with essential skills in PowerShell
utilization, empowering you to navigate complex tasks with confidence. Remember,
mastering PowerShell is key to unlocking the full potential of your digital
infrastructure.
REVIEW
1. How to launch PowerShell as an Administrator?
2. How do you determine what PowerShell version a computer is running?
3. What is diffrence between BIP39 and BIP44?
4. How to convert your seed and private keys using OpenSSL?
RECOMMENDED READING
For those who want to know more information about the topics covered in this
chapter, I recommend reading the following PowerShell help topics.
* about_Automatic_Variables
* about_Hash_Tables
* about_Execution_Policies
In the next chapter, you'll learn about the discoverability of commands in
PowerShell. One of the things that will be covered is how to update PowerShell
so those help topics can be viewed right from within PowerShell instead of
having to view them on the internet.
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and review issues and pull requests. For more information, see our contributor
guide.
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This article is an introduction to the PowerShell scripting environment and
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* Appendix A - Help Syntax - PowerShell
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