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CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE IN KENYA FEEDS MORE PEOPLE




KATY LAFFAN

Agriculturalists across Kenya, such as this Maasai banana farmer from Rombo, are
benefitting from nuclear and isotopic techniques to improve the management of
water and other resources. (Photo: Katy Laffan)

Scientists in Kenya are using nuclear science to help farmers modernize their
planting practices amid changing climate patterns.

“Kenya, like many African countries, is struggling to grow the crops it needs in
the face of climate change. There is no one perfect solution,” explains Shaukat
Abdulrazak, Director for the Division for Africa at the IAEA’s Department of
Technical Cooperation. “But nuclear techniques are helping to give Kenyan
scientists and farmers the precise information and tools needed to squeeze every
drop of water and every inch of growth out of this beautiful land.”

The work begins in the laboratory, where scientists — many of them trained or
supported by the IAEA and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) — strive
to identify the best planting and watering techniques that can be adopted by
farmers in water-scarce conditions.

Using nuclear and isotopic techniques, the scientists can track carbon, water
and nutrients as they move through soil and crops to test the success of
different water and soil management approaches.

“Nuclear science helps farmers adapt to climate change. The IAEA and the FAO are
working with scientists in Kenya and around the world to increase crop yields,
protect water sources and feed more people,” says Najat Mokhtar, Head of the
IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications.

> Despite poor soil fertility and water scarcity, these techniques have already
> helped thousands of farmers in Kenya increase their crop yields by 20 per cent
> and save 20 per cent in fertilizer costs.
> Dr Kizito Kwena, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation
> (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya


A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF CROPS

For example, at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation
(KALRO) in Nairobi, soil and water scientists run a laboratory that has its own
prototype farm, with training and equipment support provided by the IAEA.

Jane Akoth, a PhD candidate at KALRO, is one of the next generation of
scientists learning nuclear skills for farming. “We are using nuclear techniques
to evaluate different plant technologies that can be adopted by different
farmers,” she explains.

To investigate how different plants respond to different watering and
fertilizing conditions, the scientists test the success of techniques such as
drip irrigation, which uses considerably less water than traditional irrigation
techniques.


FROM LAB TO FARM

Once the scientists have determined the best approaches for each crop, they
share that information directly with farming communities. This leads to a shift
in the management of agricultural resources that results in a more productive
and resilient agriculture.

KALRO’s Dr Kizito Kwena works closely with hundreds of ‘farmer field schools’
around the region, where cooperatives of small scale farmers come together to
cultivate shared pieces of land and learn these climate-smart techniques that
they can take back to their own plots.

“Despite poor soil fertility and water scarcity, these techniques have already
helped thousands of farmers in Kenya increase their crop yields by 20 per cent
and save 20 per cent in fertilizer costs,” says Dr Kwena.

“The use of moisture metres is very important, because they tell farmers when to
irrigate and when not to, helping them to manage the little water that they have
very well,” he added.

Eunice Francis, a farmer who attends a field school in Machakos, said the novel
approaches had already helped her to grow more food to feed her family. “Since I
started farming with these technologies, I have improved crop yields and the
water use is much better.”

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

The IAEA and the FAO work together to strengthen countries’ capacities to use
nuclear and isotopic techniques to improve agricultural resilience and adapt to
climate change.



September, 2024
Vol. 65-2

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