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U.S. ECONOMY SHRANK BY 1.4% IN Q1 BUT CONSUMERS KEPT SPENDING

The weak showing does not mean a recession is likely.

Apr 28th, 2022
Christopher Rugaber
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A "now hiring" sign is posted in Garnet Valley, Pa., Monday, May 10, 2021.
Applications for unemployment benefits inched down last week, Thursday, April
21, 2022, as the total number of Americans collecting aid fell to its lowest
level in more than 50 years.
AP Photo/Matt Rourke, File


WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. economy shrank last quarter for the first time since
the pandemic recession struck two years ago, contracting at a 1.4% annual rate,
but consumers and businesses kept spending in a sign of underlying resilience.

The weak showing does not mean a recession is likely in the coming months. Most
economists expect a rebound in the April-June quarter as solid hiring and wage
gains sustain growth.

Instead, the steady spending by households and companies suggests that the
economy will likely keep expanding this year even though the Federal Reserve
plans to raise rates aggressively to fight the inflation surge. The first
quarter's growth was hampered mainly by a slower restocking of goods in stores
and warehouses and by a sharp drop in exports.

The Commerce Department's estimate Thursday of the first quarter's gross
domestic product — the nation's total output of goods and services — fell far
below the 6.9% annual growth in the fourth quarter of 2021. And for 2021 as a
whole, the economy grew 5.7%, the highest calendar-year expansion since 1984.

The economy is facing a range of pressures that have heightened worries about
its fundamental health and raised concerns about a possible recession next year.
Inflation is squeezing households as gas and food prices spike, borrowing costs
mount and the global economy is rattled by Russia's invasion of Ukraine and
China's COVID-19 lockdowns.

To some extent, the first quarter's weak showing also reflected a slowdown from
last year's robust rebound from the pandemic, which was fueled in part by vast
government aid and ultra-low interest rates. With stimulus checks and other
government supports having ended, consumer spending has slowed from its
blistering pace in the first half of last year.



A broader global slowdown is also expected this year, according to estimates
last week by the International Monetary Fund. The 190-nation lending
organization now foresees the disruptions of the Ukraine war and COVID slowing
global growth to 3.6% this year from 6.1% last year.

Still, the U.S. job market — the most important pillar of the economy — remains
robust. The number of people receiving unemployment benefits, a proxy for
layoffs, fell to the lowest level since 1970. And in the January-March quarter,
businesses and consumers increased their spending at a 3.7% annual rate after
adjusting for inflation.

Economists consider that trend a better gauge than overall GDP of the economy’s
underlying strength. Most analysts expect the steady pace of spending to sustain
the economy’s growth, though the outlook remains highly uncertain.

Last quarter’s slowdown followed vigorous growth in the final quarter of 2021,
driven by a surge in inventories as companies restocked in anticipation of
holiday season spending.

Imports surged nearly 20% in the January-March quarter as businesses and
consumers bought more goods from abroad while U.S. exports fell nearly 6%. That
disparity widened the trade deficit and subtracted 3.2 percentage points from
the quarter’s growth.

The weakness of the economy’s overall growth rate contrasts with the vitality of
the job market. At 3.6%, the unemployment rate is nearly back to the
half-century low it reached just before the pandemic. Layoffs have reached
historically low levels as employers, plagued by labor shortages, have held
tightly onto their workers.

Wages are rising steadily as companies compete to attract and retain workers, a
trend that has helped maintain consumers’ ability to spend. At the same time,
though, that spending has helped fuel inflation, which reached 8.5% in March
compared with 12 months earlier.



Fed Chair Jerome Powell has signaled a rapid series of rate increases to combat
higher prices. The Fed is set to raise its key short-term rate by a
half-percentage point next week, the first hike that large since 2000. At least
two more half-point increases – twice the more typical quarter-point hike -- are
expected at subsequent Fed meetings. They would amount to one of the fastest
series of Fed rate hikes in decades.

Powell is betting that with job openings at near-record levels, consumer
spending healthy and unemployment unusually low, the Fed can slow the economy
enough to tame inflation without causing a recession. Yet most economists are
skeptical that the Fed can achieve that goal with inflation as high as it is.




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