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12 BEST PRACTICES FOR A CORPORATE FIREWALL REVIEW.


 1. Home
 2. Blog
 3. Firewall Best Practices
 4. 12 Best Practices for a Corporate Firewall Review

Last updated July 17th, 2024 by Erez Tadmor

 * Firewall Best Practices
 * Network Segmentation and Topology

A firewall review evaluates and assesses your company’s network security
capabilities as aligned with your organization’s business needs and risk
tolerance to mitigate cyberattack risk.  

Modern digitally transformed businesses often incorporate multiple firewall
vendors with different naming conventions, making maintaining a consistent
cybersecurity posture challenging.   

With new data protection requirements every year, you should incorporate
firewall reviews as part of your network security monitoring initiatives.  

IDENTIFY AUDIT PLAN OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 

Every audit begins by identifying the purpose and objectives. For example, you
may engage in audits for the following reasons:  

 * Document compliance: Compliance with security standards and industry
   standards, like PCI DSS, HIPAA, NIST, ECB, GDPR, SOX, or NERC CIP  

 * Reduce attack surface: Decommission unused, shadowed, or outdated rules  

 * Optimize performance: improve network speed by simplifying rules or deleting
   unnecessary rules 

UNDERSTAND NETWORK TOPOLOGY 

A key information security control is creating demilitarized zones (DMZ), or
security zones, that reduce the likelihood that cyber attacks will impact
multiple subnets.  

However, these DMZs make establishing a baseline for firewall reviews more
challenging. Understanding the network’s topology involves reviewing firewall:  

 * Locations  

 * Connectivity  

 * Roles  

 * Manufacturers 

GATHER AUDIT DOCUMENTATION 

To streamline firewall reviews, the following information should be available
for cybersecurity management stakeholders:  

 * Security policies: Internal controls detailing best practices  

 * Firewall logs:  Technical documentation showing protocols, IP addresses, and
   subnets   

 * Risk assessments: Risk identification, review, and remediation activities  

 * Rulesets: Firewall configurations  

 * Audit reports: Documents identifying previous audit outcomes or findings  

EVALUATE FIREWALL RULE PLACEMENT AND ORDER 

Firewall rules should be arranged logically, from highest priority at the top to
lowest at the bottom. Best practices for firewall rule order are typically
rulesets that:  

 * Allow specific traffic   

 * Block by default

Rulesets that allow traffic should be precise, often including:  

 * Source IP address  

 * Destination IP address  

 * Destination port  

 * Protocol, like TCP, ICMP, or UDP  

ASSESS FIREWALL RULE UNUSED OBJECTS 

Unused objects are networks, subnets, services, applications, user groups, or
connections not specified in the ruleset or as part of a group.  Unused objects
create security vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit.  

ANALYZE ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACLS) 

ACLs control the traffic allowed to enter the internal network from the public
internet. Overly permissive rules can create security risks.  

Best practices for firewall rules’ validation include:  

 * Limiting source and destination traffic as much as possible  

 * Explicitly defining the destination IP address or groups rather than using
   “any”  

 * Not allowing traffic from “any” source to “any” destination  

 * Not allowing all traffic to a destination or group of destination  

 * Limiting the number of open globally only ports, those defining the source as
   “any”  

REVIEW ROLES AND ACCESS PRIVILEGES 

To maintain least privilege access, you should periodically review network
access controls for users, especially privileged users like administrators. When
engaging in a firewall audit, some best practices for user access certification
include reviewing whether:  

 * User roles and permissions remain consistent across firewall vendors  

 * Policies remain consistent when user and network asset IP address changes   

 * User access was terminated appropriately  

 * All user access to critical network resources is justified  

 * Only current admins have access to the firewall console  

REVIEW CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES 

You should have structured procedures for managing, approving, and tracking
firewall configuration changes. Reviewing the change management procedures
should ensure you document, at minimum, the following:  

 * Risks associated with policy changes  

 * Effect policy changes have on the network  

 * Remediation and mitigation strategy  

 * Reasons and objectives for changing rulesets  

 * Audit trail detailing the who, why, and when for any modifications  

HARDEN FIREWALL HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM  

Malicious actors can use security vulnerabilities in the firewall’s firmware or
operating system to gain unauthorized access to networks and systems. Part of
the firewall review should include:  

 * Scanning regularly for vulnerabilities  

 * Prioritizing remediation for high-risk vulnerabilities  

 * Ensuring that all updates are applied in compliance with your organizational
   vulnerability management policies  

REVIEW FIREWALL LOGS 

Firewall logs document activity occurring within the environment to help monitor
network security and vulnerabilities. Since firewall logs can be overwhelming,
organizations should ensure they collect the right amount of data to achieve
objectives. Some events that the firewall logs should track include:  

 * Permitted, blocked, or dropped connections  

 * Activity from intrusion detection systems (IDS)/intrusion prevention systems
   (IPS)  

 * User activity  

 * Protocol usage  

 * Cut-through-proxy activity  

After determining that logging is appropriately configured, you can review the
logs to identify trends about firewall security and compliance, including:  

 * Anomalous traffic patterns indicating a potential security incident  

 * Inbound and outbound traffic analysis for rule effectiveness and efficiency  

 * Updates to blocklists and allowlists that can improve network security   

REVIEW RISK ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTATION  

Before and after making the necessary security policy and firewall ruleset
changes, you should document their risk review. Before implementing changes in
the change management process, look for risk assessment best practices such as: 

 * Impact to security policy conformance   

 * Source and destination vulnerabilities when changing access controls  

 * Business continuity risks  

 * “What-if” path analysis for path options that might impact risk  

 * Impact to attack surface and exposure  

 * Consistency with change management processes  

REMEDIATE ISSUES AND TEST NEW FIREWALL RULES 

If the audit process identifies issues, the final step is to remediate them and
test the new firewall rule configurations. Testing the changes prior to
implementing them across the network reduces operational impact that can cause
business disruption.   

Automated Documentation with Tufin  

Tufin provides a unified platform that streamlines firewall management and
auditing with vendor-agnostic Unified Security Policies (USPs) that ensure
consistency across hybrid and multi-cloud network architectures.  

With comprehensive visibility from Tufin’s network topology maps and risk
assessment workflow automations, you can achieve continuous compliance
monitoring with detailed reports to reduce preparation time for improved audit
readiness.   

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In this post:

 * Identify Audit Plan Objectives and Scope 
 * Understand Network Topology 
 * Gather Audit Documentation 
 * Evaluate Firewall Rule Placement and Order 
 * Assess Firewall Rule Unused Objects 
 * Analyze Access Control Lists (ACLs) 
 * Review Roles and Access Privileges 
 * Review Change Management Procedures 
 * Harden Firewall Hardware and Operating System  
 * Review Firewall Logs 
 * Review Risk Assessment Documentation  
 * Remediate Issues and Test New Firewall Rules 


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Optimizing and Simplifying the Firewall Request Process with Tufin



TOP POSTS

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