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* State Summaries

This section consists of multiple reports that the Perinatal Data Center has
created in order to use data to tell a story about maternal and child health
in your state.

See the United States summary.

Select location
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1. Reports
2. Report Card

REPORTS

2022 March of Dimes report card for
Maryland

Download the report or read the Supplemental report.

Table of Contents Preterm Birth GradePreterm Birth RateInfant HealthInfant
MortalityPreterm Birth Rate By Race And EthnicityPreterm Birth Rates By Counties
And CityMaternal Vulnerability IndexClinical MeasuresPolicy
MeasuresInfographicTechnical NotesReferences

PRETERM
BIRTH GRADE

D+
Grade of 10.4 percent
to 10.7 percent
Learn more

PRETERM
BIRTH RATE

10.7%

The 2022 March of Dimes Report Card highlights the latest key indicators to
describe and improve maternal and infant health. We continue to provide updated
measures on preterm birth, infant mortality, low-risk Cesarean births and
inadequate prenatal care. New this year is the inclusion of the Maternal
Vulnerability Index (MVI), which provides county-level indicators of where women
are most vulnerable to poor outcomes. We continue to monitor disparities in
maternal and infant health. Comprehensive data collection and analysis of these
measures inform the development of policies and programs that move us closer to
health equity. The Report Card presents policies like Medicaid expansion and
programs like Maternal Mortality Review Committees, that can help improve
equitable maternal and infant health for families across the country. Our
Supplemental Report Card, which can be downloaded above, summarizes state-level
progress towards selected Healthy People 2030 pregnancy and childbirth health
objectives, outcomes by race/ethnicity and describes March of Dimes programmatic
initiatives.

INFANT HEALTH

PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BIRTHS BORN PRETERM

Created with Highcharts 10.0.010.2 10.210.3 10.39.8 9.810.1 10.110.0 10.010.1
10.110.5 10.510.2 10.210.3 10.310.1 10.110.7
10.720112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

Purple (darker) color shows a significant trend (p <= .05)

INFANT MORTALITY

5.6
5.4
U.S.

INFANT MORTALITY RATE

Infant mortality rates are an indication of overall health. Leading causes of
infant death include birth defects, preterm birth, low birth weight, maternal
complications and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

RATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS

Created with Highcharts 10.0.06.8 6.86.8 6.86.4 6.46.6 6.66.5 6.56.6 6.66.5
6.56.4 6.46.0 6.05.8 5.85.8 5.85.6
5.620102011201220132014201520162017201820192020

Purple (darker) color shows a significant trend (p <= .05)

PRETERM BIRTH RATE BY RACE AND ETHNICITY

The March of Dimes disparity ratio measures and tracks progress towards the
elimination of racial/ethnic disparities in preterm birth. It's based on Healthy
People 2020 methodology and compares the group with the lowest preterm birth
rate to the average for all other groups. Progress is evaluated by comparing the
current disparity ratio to a baseline disparity ratio. A lower disparity ratio
is better, with a disparity ratio of 1 indicating no disparity. *See technical
notes for details.

1.26
Disparity Ratio
Worsened
Change from baseline

PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BIRTHS IN 2019-2021 (AVERAGE) BORN PRETERM

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0Race/Ethnicity8.4 8.48.9 8.99.9 9.913.0
13.00246810121416
Asian/Pacific IslanderWhiteHispanicBlack
In Maryland, the preterm birth rate among Black women is 43% higher than the
rate among all other women.
View additional Maryland data

PRETERM BIRTH RATES BY COUNTIES AND CITY

Click on the underlined counties to view more data in PeriStats.

County
Grade
Preterm Birth Rate
Change in rate from last year
Anne Arundel
D+
10.6%
Worsened
Baltimore
F
11.9%
Worsened
Baltimore (city)
F
13.1%
No change
Howard
D
11.0%
Worsened
Montgomery
C+
9.4%
Worsened
Prince George's
D
10.8%
Worsened

City
Grade
Preterm Birth Rate
Change in rate from last year
Baltimore
F
13.1%
Same

MATERNAL HEALTH

There is a critical connection between infant health, maternal health and the
health of a family. All are dependent on their lived social context, the quality
and accessibility of healthcare and the policies within a state. Each factor can
provide insight into how a state serves its population, among other factors.

MATERNAL VULNERABILITY INDEX

Where you live matters.

March of Dimes, in partnership with Surgo Ventures, examines determinants of
maternal health using the Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI)*. The MVI is the
first county-level, national-scale tool to identify where and why moms in the
U.S. are vulnerable to poor pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy-related deaths. The
MVI includes not only widely known clinical risk factors, but also key social,
contextual, and environmental factors that are essential influencers of health
outcomes.

Differences in counties are measured using numerous factors broken into six
themes: reproductive healthcare, physical health, mental health and substance
abuse, general healthcare, socioeconomic determinants and physical environment.
The MVI assigns a score of 0-100 to each geography, where a higher score
indicates greater vulnerability to adverse maternal outcomes.

*Visit https://mvi.surgoventures.org for more information.

WHERE IN MARYLAND ARE MOTHERS MOST VULNERABLE?

CLINICAL MEASURES

Your healthcare matters.

Access to and quality of healthcare before, during and after pregnancy can
affect health outcomes in the future. An unnecessary Cesarean birth can lead to
medical complications and inadequate prenatal care can miss important milestones
in pregnancy.

29.3
Percent
26.3
U.S. Percent

LOW-RISK CESAREAN BIRTH

Percent of women who had Cesarean births and were first-time moms, carrying a
single baby, positioned head-first and at least 37 weeks pregnant. These births
are frequently considered low-risk.

15.6
Percent
14.5
U.S. Percent

INADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE

Percent of women who received care beginning in the fifth month or later or less
than 50% of the appropriate number of visits for the infant's gestational age.

POLICY MEASURES

The policies in your state matter.

Adoption of the following policies and organizations can help improve maternal
and infant healthcare.

MEDICAID EXPANSION

State has adopted this policy to allow women greater access to preventative care
during pregnancy.

MEDICAID EXTENSION

State has recent action to extend coverage for women beyond 60 days postpartum.

MIDWIFERY POLICY

State allows for Medicaid reimbursement at 90% and above for certified nurse
midwives.

MATERNAL MORTALITY REVIEW COMMITTEE (MMRC)

State has a MMRC, which is recognized as essential to understanding and
addressing the causes of maternal death.

PERINATAL QUALITY COLLABORATIVE (PQC)

State has a PQC to identify and improve quality care issues in maternal and
infant healthcare.

DOULA POLICY OR LEGISLATION

State has allowed for the passage of Medicaid coverage for doula care.

* Legend
* State has the indicated organization/policy
* State does not have the indicated organization/policy
* Waiver pending or planning is occurring
* Has an MMRC but does not review deaths up to a year after pregnancy ends

INFOGRAPHIC

The March of Dimes Report Card indicates the maternal and infant health crisis
is worsening. You can make a difference. Share your state's grade on your social
channels, by email or by text and encourage others to take action by advocating
for change.

TECHNICAL NOTES

1. Preterm Birth Rate

Preterm birth is a birth with less than 37 weeks gestation based on the
obstetric estimate of gestational age. Data used in this report card came
from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) natality files, as
compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions
through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program.1 This national data
source was used so that data are comparable for each state and
jurisdiction-specific report card. Data provided on the report card may
differ from data obtained directly from state or local health departments
and vital statistics agencies due to timing of data submission and handling
of missing data. The preterm birth rates shown at the top of report card
was calculated from the NCHS 2021 final natality data for all U.S. States
and Washington D.C. Preterm birth rates in the trend graph are from the
NCHS 2011-2021 final natality data. County and city preterm birth rates are
from the NCHS 2021 final natality data for U.S. states and Washington D.C.
Preterm birth rates for bridged racial and ethnic categories were
calculated from NCHS 2019-2021 final natality data. All provided measures
for Puerto Rico are calculated from the NCHS 2021 Territory final natality
data, unless otherwise noted. Preterm birth rates were calculated as the
number of premature births divided by the number of live births with known
gestational age multiplied by 100. Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software2 was
utilized to assess significant trends in preterm birth.

2. Infant Mortality Rate

Infant mortality rates were calculated using the NCHS 2020 period linked
infant birth and infant death data. Infant mortality rates were calculated
as the number of infant deaths divided by the number of live births
multiplied by 1,000. Infant mortality rate in the trend graph are from the
NCHS 2010-2020 period linked infant birth and infant death files. Joinpoint
Trend Analysis Software2 was utilized to assess significant trends in
infant mortality.

3. Preterm Birth Grading Methodology

Expanded grade ranges were introduced in 2019. Grade ranges remain based on
standard deviations of final 2014 state and District of Columbia preterm
birth rates away from the March of Dimes goal of 8.1 percent by 2020.
Grades were determined using the following scoring formula: (preterm birth
rate of each jurisdiction – 8.1 percent) / standard deviation of final 2014
state and District of Columbia preterm birth rates. Each score within a
grade was divided into thirds to create +/- intervals. The resulting scores
were rounded to one decimal place and assigned a grade. See the table for
details.

Grade
Preterm Birth Rate Range Scoring Criteria
A
Preterm birth rate less than or equal to 7.7 percent
A-
Preterm birth rate of 7.8 percent to 8.1 percent
B+
Preterm birth rate of 8.2 percent to 8.5 percent
B
Preterm birth rate of 8.6 percent to 8.9 percent
B-
Preterm birth rate of 9.0 percent to 9.2 percent
C+
Preterm birth rate of 9.3 percent to 9.6 percent
C
Preterm birth rate of 9.7 percent to 10.0 percent
C-
Preterm birth rate of 10.1 percent to 10.3 percent
D+
Preterm birth rate of 10.4 percent to 10.7 percent
D
Preterm birth rate of 10.8 percent to 11.1 percent
D-
Preterm birth rate of 11.2 percent to 11.4 percent
F
Preterm birth rate greater than or equal to 11.5 percent

4. Preterm Birth by Race/Ethnicity of the Mother

Mother's race and Hispanic ethnicity are reported separately on the birth
certificate. Rates for Hispanic women include all bridged racial categories
(White, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian/Pacific Islander).
Rates for non-Hispanic women are classified according to race. The
Asian/Pacific Islander category includes Native Hawaiian. To provide stable
rates, racial and ethnic groups are shown on the report card if the group
had 10 or more preterm births in each year from 2019-2021. To calculate
preterm birth rates on the report card, three year data aggregates were
used (2019-2021) for all states and D.C and for Puerto Rico (2018-2020).
Preterm birth rates for not stated/unknown race are not shown on the report
card.

5. Preterm Birth by City

Report cards for states and jurisdictions, except District of Columbia,
display the city with the greatest number of live births. Cities are not
displayed for Delaware, Maine, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming due to
limited availability of data. Grades were assigned based on the grading
criteria described above. Change from previous year was calculated by
comparing the 2021 city preterm birth rate to the 2020 rate.

6. Preterm Birth Disparity Measures

The March of Dimes disparity ratio is based on Healthy People 2020
methodology and provides a measure of the differences, or disparities, in
preterm birth rates across racial/ethnic groups within a geographic area.2
The disparity ratio compares the racial/ethnic group with the lowest
preterm birth rate (comparison group) to the average of the preterm birth
rate for all other groups.

To calculate the disparity ratio, the 2019-2021 preterm birth rates for all
groups (excluding the comparison group) were averaged and divided by the
2019-2021 comparison group preterm birth rate. The comparison group is the
racial/ethnic group with the lowest six-year aggregate preterm birth rate
(2012-2017) among groups that had 20 or more preterm births in each year
from 2012-2017. A disparity ratio was calculated for U.S. states, the
District of Columbia, and the total U.S. A disparity ratio was not
calculated for Maine, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico. A
lower disparity ratio is better, with a disparity ratio of 1 indicating no
disparity.

Progress toward eliminating racial and ethnic disparities was evaluated by
comparing the 2019-2021 disparity ratio to a baseline (2012-2014) disparity
ratio. Change between time periods was assessed for statistical
significance at the 0.05 level using the approach recommended by Healthy
People 2020.3 If the disparity ratio significantly improved because the
average preterm birth rate for all other groups got better, we displayed
“Improved” on the report card. If the disparity ratio significantly
worsened because the lowest group got better or the average of all other
groups got worse, we displayed “Worsened” on the report card. If the
disparity ratio did not significantly change, we displayed “No Improvement”
on the report card.

The report card also provides the percent difference between the
racial/ethnic group with the 2019-2021 highest preterm birth rate compared
to the combined 2019-2021 preterm birth rate among women in all other
racial/ethnic groups. This percent difference was calculated using only the
racial/ethnic groups displayed on the state or jurisdiction-specific report
card. This difference was calculated for each U.S. state with adequate
numbers and the District of Columbia.

7. Maternal Vulnerability Index

March of Dimes recognizes the importance of certain risk factors that are
associated with maternal and infant health outcomes. March of Dimes, in
partnership with Surgo Ventures, is offering the opportunity to examine
determinants of maternal health at the county level using the Maternal
Vulnerability Index (MVI)4. The MVI is the first county-level,
national-scale, open-source tool to identify where and why mothers in the
United States are vulnerable to poor pregnancy outcomes and
pregnancy-related deaths. The MVI includes not only widely known clinical
risk factors, but also key social, contextual, and environmental factors
that are also essential influencers of outcomes.

Differences in counties are measured using numerous factors broken into six
themes: reproductive healthcare, physical health, mental health and
substance abuse, general healthcare, socioeconomic determinants and
physical environment. The MVI assigns a score of 0-100 to each geography,
where a higher score indicates greater vulnerability to adverse maternal
outcomes. Learn more about the MVI methodology by visiting Surgo Ventures
website. (Surgo Ventures - The US Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI)).

8. Low-Risk Cesarean Birth Rates

A low-risk Cesarean birth occurs when a woman undergoes the surgical
procedure if the baby is a single infant, is positioned head-first, the
mother is full-term (at least 37 weeks), and has not given birth prior.5
This is also referred to as a NTSV Cesarean birth. NTSV abbreviated to mean
Nulliparous (or first-time mother), Term, Singleton, Vertex (head-first
position).

Low-risk Cesarean birth rates were calculated using the NCHS 2021 final
natality data for the US states and Washington D.C. and the 2021 final
territorial natality data for Puerto Rico.1 Low-risk Cesarean birth rates
were calculated as the number of Cesarean births that occurred to
first-time mothers of a single infant, positioned headfirst with a
gestational age of at least 37 weeks (NTSV) divided by the number of
first-time mothers of a single infant, positioned headfirst with a
gestational age of at least 37 weeks (NTSV) multiplied by 100.

9. Inadequate Prenatal Care

Adequacy of prenatal care is measured using the Adequacy of Prenatal Care
Utilization Index, which classifies prenatal care received into 1 of 4
categories (inadequate, intermediate, adequate and adequate plus) by
combining information about the timing of prenatal care, the number of
visits and the infant's gestational age.6 Inadequate prenatal care is
defined as a woman who received care beginning in the fifth month or later
or less than 50% of the appropriate number of visits for the infant's
gestational age. Inadequate prenatal care will be calculated using the NCHS
2021 final natality data.1

10. Medicaid Expansion

Medicaid expansion allows more people to be eligible for Medicaid
coverage—it expands the cut-off for eligibility. Medicaid expansion status
is provided from the Kaiser Family Foundation as adopted or not adopted.7
Medicaid expansion has reduced the rates of uninsured. Increased access and
utilization of health care are significantly associated with Medicaid
expansion.8

11. Medicaid Extension

The adoption of this policy allows women to qualify for pregnancy-related
Medicaid coverage for more than the standard 60 days after pregnancy for up
one year.9 Extending this coverage typically requires both state
legislation and an appropriation in addition to a Section 1115 waiver in
order to receive federal match.10 Medicaid extension status is provided by
the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists as adopted, waiver
pending or planning or planning is occurring (ready to implement Section
1115 waiver or SPA option pending approval from CMS), or the state does not
have the indicated organization/policy.9

12. Maternal Mortality Review Committee (MMRC)

These committees investigate deaths related to pregnancy to determine
underlying causes of death and respond to improve conditions and practices.
The committees can be made up of representatives from public health,
nursing, maternal-fetal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, midwifery,
patient advocacy groups and community-based organizations.11 The measure is
provided by the Guttmacher Institute12 and the Louisiana, Wisconsin and
Vermont Departments of Health13 and is categorized as: state has the
indicated organization/policy, state has an MMRC but does not review deaths
up to a year after pregnancy ends or state does not have the indicated
organization/policy.

13. Perinatal Quality Collaborative (PQC)

The PQC involves partnerships with families, key state agencies and
organizations to identify and initiate programs or procedures that increase
the quality of care in clinical settings. PQC's work focus on collaborative
learning among healthcare providers and the PQC.14 Data is provided by the
National Institute for Children's Health Quality (NICHQ) and the measure is
reported as: state has the indicated organization/policy or the state has
the indicated organization/policy in progress.15

14. Doula Policy on Medicaid Coverage

Doulas are non-clinical professionals that emotionally and physically
support women during the perinatal period, including birth and
postpartum.16 Doula policy status show states that have enacted bills
relating to Medicaid coverage of doula care, or not. The measure is
reported as: state has the indicated organization/policy, state is in
progress for having the indicated organization/policy or the state does not
have the indicated organization/policy. Data is provided by the National
Health Law Program under the Doula Medicaid Project.17

15. Midwifery State Laws

Midwives are health care professionals that may be part of the birth care
team or stand alone in providing prenatal, delivery and postpartum care.
Certified Nurse-Midwives (CNM) hold national certification and state
licensure to practice in all 50 states. Measures depict states where
Medicaid reimbursement rates for certified nurse-midwives are at or above
90% or below 90%. The measure is reported as: state has the indicated
organization/policy or the state does not have the indicated
organization/policy. Data is retrieved from the American College of
Nurse-Midwives.18

16. Healthy People 2030

National data-driven objectives from Healthy People 203019 were set by the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services with the goal of improving
health and well being over the next decade. Several HP 2030 objectives are
specific to the prevention of pregnancy complications and improvements to
women's health before, during and after pregnancy. Progress towards the
following objectives are shown on the supplemental report card:

See definition above for all three measures: preterm birth, infant
mortality and low risk Cesarean births.

17. Unhealthy Weight Before Pregnancy

Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight
that applies to adult men and women. BMI was calculated using NCHS 2021
final natality data for the US states and Washington D.C. and the 2020
final territorial natality data for Puerto Rico.1 The percent of women with
an unhealthy weight before pregnancy was calculated as the number of women
with a BMI that is categorized as either underweight (BMI <18.5),
overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9), or obese (30 or higher) divided by the number
of women who had a live birth multiplied by 100. Note that the HP 2030
objective is “healthy weight before pregnancy”; unhealthy weight was used
to better align with the other measures.

18. Preterm Birth By County

Supplemental report cards for states and jurisdictions, except District of
Columbia, display the counties with the greatest number of live births.
Grades were assigned based on the grading criteria described above. Change
from previous year was calculated by comparing the 2021 county preterm
birth rate to the 2020 rate. For Puerto Rico, change from previous year was
calculated by comparing 2020 municipality preterm birth rates to the 2019
rates.

19. Live Births and Preterm Birth by Race and Ethnicity of the Mother-Expanded

Mother's race and Hispanic ethnicity are reported separately on the birth
certificate. Rates for Hispanic women include all expanded racial
categories included on the birth certificate (White, Black, American
Indian/Alaska Native, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean,
Vietnamese, Other Asian, Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, and other Pacific
Islander) and are broken down based on the expanded Hispanic origin
categories which include Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central
or South American and Other Hispanic. Rates for non-Hispanic women are
classified according to expanded race. For live births, any expanded race
and Hispanic origin categories that accounted for less than 1% of live
births in each state, were collapsed into the corresponding “other”
category (other Hispanic, other Asian, other Pacific Islander). To provide
stable preterm birth rates, racial and ethnic groups are shown on the
report card if the group had 50 or more preterm births from 2019-2021. To
calculate preterm birth rates on the report card, three years of data were
aggregated (2019-2021). Number of live births and preterm birth rates for
not stated/unknown race are not shown on the supplemental report card.

20. Advocates Who Raised Their Voice

Through the March of Dimes, anyone who wants to join in the fight for the
health of all birthing people, babies and their families can support our
Office of Government Affairs by becoming an advocate. Advocates advance our
efforts through supporting our work to influence legislation, policy and
regulation at the federal and state level. The data are captured by the
Office of Government Affairs are recorded in a database built into Capital
Canary, a third-party software product. The numbers in these report show
advocates who have signed up through August 31, 2022.

21. Implicit Bias Training Seats Contracted

Through online and live training courses, March of Dimes provides
peer-reviewed, clinically relevant Implicit Bias Training to eliminate
maternal and infant health care inequities. The metric "Implicit Bias
Trainings Seats Contracted" is captured internally and is the measure of
how many seats are contracted to be received by partners that state. The
reported numbers are based on contracts completed between January 1, 2022
and August 31, 2022.

22. People Supported Through Out NICU Initiatives

Our NICU Initiatives educate and support families through evidence-based
programs and a variety of both online and in person resources. The number
pf families served is captured and reported directly from on-site staff
members at our partner sites via a monthly survey of their on-going work.
The reported numbers are based on surveys reported between January 1, 2022
and August 31, 2022.

23. Pieves of State Legislation Supported

March of Dimes Office of Government Affairs advocates for policy
initiatives at a state level on a host of issues important to pregnant
women, infants, children and families. The number collected represents the
amount of Bills worked on at a state level by a March of Dimes Staff member
and is reported directly by the staff member in a quarterly reporting
survey. The reported numbers are based on surveys reported between January
1, 2022 and August 31, 2022.

24. Calculations

All natality calculations were conducted by March of Dimes Perinatal Data
Center.

REFERENCES

1. National Center for Health Statistics, final natality data 2017-2021.
2. Joinpoint Trend [computer software]. (2022). Retrieved from Joinpoint
Regression Program (cancer.gov).
3. Talih M, Huang DT. Measuring progress toward target attainment and the
elimination of health disparities in Healthy People 2020. Healthy People
Statistical Notes, No 27. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health
Statistics. 2016.
4. Surgo Maternal Vulnerability Index. Available at: Surgo Ventures - The US
Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI).
5. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK. Births: Final Data for
2018. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2019;68(13):1 - Retrieved from:
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf.
6. Kotelchuck M. An evaluation of the Kessner Adequacy of Prenatal Care Index
and a Proposed Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index. Am J Public
Health 1994;84(9):141 4-1420.
7. Kaiser Family Foundation. Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions:
Interactive Map. Accessed September 9, 2022.
https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map/.
8. Kaiser Family Foundation. Status of State Action on the Medicaid Expansion
Decision | KFF or
https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/state-activity-around-expanding-medicaid-under-the-affordable-care-act/.
9. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Status of State
Actions to Extend Postpartum Medicaid Coverage. Accessed September 9, 2022.
https://www.acog.org/advocacy/policy-priorities/extend-postpartum-medicaid-coverage/status-of-state-actions.
10. Equitable Maternal Health Coalition. Accessed October 4, 2022.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ed4f5c9127dab51d7a53f8e/t/5ee12b312ecd4864f647fe67/1591814991589/State+White+Paper+06
1020-V6.pdf.
11. Center for Disease Control (CDC), Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data from 14
U.S. Maternal Mortality Review Committees, 2008- 2017. Accessed October 4,
2022.
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/erase-mm/mmr-data-brief.html.
12. Guttmacher Institute. Maternal Mortality Review Committees. Accessed
September 9, 2022.
https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/maternal-mortality-review-committees.
13. Vermont Department of Health. Maternal Mortality Review Panel Annual Report
(2012). Accessed October 3, 2022.
https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2022/WorkGroups/House%20Human%20Services/Reports%20and%20Resources/W~Vermont%20Department%20of%20Health~Maternal%20Mortality%20Review%20Panel%20Annual%20Report~1-11-2021.pdf.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Perinatal Quality
Collaboratives. Accessed October 4, 2022.
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pqc.htm.
15. National Institute for Children's Health Quality. (NICHQ). National Network
of Perinatal Quality Collaboratives (NNPQC) Coordinating Center (nichq.org)
or
https://www.nichq.org/project/national-network-perinatal-quality-collaboratives.
16. DONA International. What is a doula? Accessed October 4, 2022.
https://www.dona.org/what-is-a-doula/.
17. National Health Law Program. Doula Medicaid Project. Accessed October 17th,
2022. https://healthlaw.org/doulamedicaidproject/.
18. American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM). Reimbursement Equity. Accessed
September 9, 2022. https://www.midwife.org/reimbursement-equity.
19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2030. Assessed October 17, 2022.
Healthy People 2030 | health.gov.

Download the full March of Dimes 2022 Report Card, Stark and Unacceptable
Disparities Persist Alongside a Troubling Rise in Preterm Birth Rates

2022 March of Dimes report card for
Maryland
Table of Contents Preterm Birth GradePreterm Birth RateInfant HealthInfant
MortalityPreterm Birth Rate By Race And EthnicityPreterm Birth Rates By Counties
And CityMaternal Vulnerability IndexClinical MeasuresPolicy
MeasuresInfographicTechnical NotesReferences

The goal of the Perinatal Data Center is to clearly present perinatal data, so
that professionals focused on issues related to maternal and infant health can
make more informed decisions to ultimately improve mom and baby health.

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